人教版高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

1、高中課本知識(shí)分布必修一1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第一單元：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，be going to第二單元：一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第三單元：被動(dòng)語態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：204個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：44個(gè)必修二1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第四單元：一般將來時(shí) will和be going to 的區(qū)別，真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句，讓步狀語從句第五單元：原因、結(jié)果、目的狀語從句第六單元：表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、動(dòng)作的介詞，定語從句，冠詞3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：229個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：23個(gè)必修三1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第七單元：關(guān)系副詞，介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語從

2、句，形容詞的比較級(jí)第八單元：限制性和非限制性定語從句，靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞第九單元：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：262個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：40個(gè)必修四1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第十單元：不定代詞和動(dòng)詞不定式第十一單元：被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞作主語，賓語，表語，定語第十二單元：跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞作副詞，作表語，定語，賓語補(bǔ)足語3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：330個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：24個(gè)高一共計(jì)單詞1025,詞組131必修五1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第十三單元：過去分詞在句中可作形容詞或副詞用，修飾名詞，在句中作定語，賓語補(bǔ)足語或表語第十四單

3、元：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)第十五單元：虛擬語氣3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：313個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：25個(gè)選修六1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第十六單元：過去完成時(shí)第十七單元：過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1第十八單元：過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 23 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：245個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：31個(gè)選修七1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第十九單元：名詞性從句第二十單元：將來完成時(shí)和將來進(jìn)行時(shí)第二十一單元：混合虛擬條件句和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：340個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：13個(gè)選修八1 .共有三個(gè)單元2 .各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第二十二單兀：被動(dòng)態(tài)和表小報(bào)道的表達(dá)第二十三單元：強(qiáng)調(diào)句和各種完成時(shí)的形態(tài)（將來完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在

4、完成 進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)的用法）第二十四單元：勸說的表達(dá)3 .全書單詞數(shù)量為：375個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：61個(gè)高二共計(jì)單詞1273,詞組130個(gè)高中共計(jì)單詞2298,詞組261北師大版高中英語語法總結(jié)（必修一一選修八）必修一、present simple and present continuous般現(xiàn)在是和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1, present simple:反復(fù)進(jìn)行的，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作（慣例習(xí)慣）Eg, He watches soap operas.及狀態(tài) I live in Budapest.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常和下列時(shí)間狀語連用：always, usually, from, time t

5、o time, twice a week, rarely,seldom, once a month, never.2,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（現(xiàn)在，止匕刻）一定時(shí)間段內(nèi)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有 just, now, at the moment, at present.二、future : arrangements and intentions 將來的安排和打算1、be going to 表示打算要做的事情。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示已經(jīng)確定或安排好事情。Eg, I'm getting married in June.3、一般現(xiàn)在是表示不可改變的官方活動(dòng)或時(shí)間表The

6、 summer term begins on the 15 th of February.三、past simple and past continues1,psat simple : 一般過去時(shí)，表示過去完成的動(dòng)作或過去的情境和習(xí)慣。Eg: She climb the stairs and went to her room.用一般過去時(shí)要在規(guī)則動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed,或用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式，一般過去式的疑問句和否定句 用 did 和 didn t 加動(dòng)詞原形。2, past continuous 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作形成某些事件發(fā)生的情境動(dòng)作。Eg, It was raining

7、 during the whole match.當(dāng)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述故事發(fā)生的背景，兒一般過去時(shí)則報(bào)道該事件。Eg， We driving along a country lane when, suddenly a car drove past us.Form: 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+was /were + 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式。Eg， The driver was sitting behind the wheel.4、 present perfect and past simple 。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在依然

8、有明顯的影響發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作但是不知道動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間或?qū)?dòng)作發(fā)生的確切時(shí)間不感興趣?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)經(jīng)常和下列時(shí)間狀語連用：Before, ever, never, already, and , yet. already用于肯定句，yet 用于疑問句和否定句。Venus and Serena have played each other before.（ 重要的事他們過去進(jìn)行了比賽，但是何時(shí)比賽并不重要現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999.（ 我們知道此事發(fā)生的確切時(shí)間一般過去時(shí) ）5、 The passive 被動(dòng)語態(tài)

9、在下列情況下使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1、不知道耶不需要知道誰做的這件事。2、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者“顯而易見”3、動(dòng)作本身比動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者更重要或不想指出誰做的這件事。4、在書面語特別是在科技報(bào)告、報(bào)刊文章中被動(dòng)語態(tài)比主動(dòng)語態(tài)更正式。Form：Tense 時(shí)態(tài)form形式+past一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are +past participle過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing+pp現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+pp一般過去時(shí)was/were+pp過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing+pp6、 have to/not have to, can/can t, ought to/ought not to

10、uses 用法： have to 用來表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，You have to pass your test before you can drive.Don t have to 表達(dá)不必：We don t have to wear uniforms at our school.Can 用來表示允許或請(qǐng)求許可或者表示某事可能發(fā)生。You can buy CDs at the market.Can t 表示禁止或不可能：You can t go out tonight.Ought to 表示應(yīng)該做某事。You ought to visit your grandparents this weekend

11、.Ought not to 表示不應(yīng)該做某事You ought not to walk alone at night.Form 形式can/can t, have to/not have to 及 ought to/ought not to 后用動(dòng)詞原形?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)很多語言都有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，因此常將它和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)混淆，在英語中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)描述發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在又影響的事件。如果涉及到過去某時(shí)間，則要用一般過去時(shí)。如果過去事件的確切時(shí)間或日期不重要，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。必修二1、 will 和 be going to 表示推測(cè)揣想1、 Will+ 動(dòng)詞原形表示依據(jù)直覺知

12、識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)等做出的揣測(cè)。2、 first conditional真實(shí)條件句A表示依據(jù)其他將來事件將來有可能發(fā)生的事件。If the rain stops, the match will begin.句型是：if clausemain clauseif +present simplewill/won' t +infinitive/without to也可能用其他句型，特別是使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)：If you have time, we can go for a walk this evening.B建議或命令某人做某事，提出建議或請(qǐng)求：If you feel sleepy, go to bed.句

13、型是If clausemain clauseIf +present simpleimperative(祈使旬)三.second conditional虛擬條件旬A虛擬條件句(1)表示想象的將來不可能發(fā)生的事If I become an MP, I' d fight for animals rights.2)現(xiàn)在不可能存在的狀態(tài)If I lived closer to school, I wouldn' t have to get up so early.句型是If clausemain clauseIf +past simplewould /could /might +infi

14、nitive/without to虛擬語氣用法詳解英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。在表示虛假的、與事實(shí)相反的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況時(shí)用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈情感時(shí)，也用虛擬語氣。即當(dāng)一個(gè)人說話時(shí)欲 強(qiáng)調(diào)其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，愿望，假想，猜測(cè)，懷疑或建議，而不是根據(jù)客觀實(shí)際， 就用虛擬語氣一、條件句中的虛擬語氣1 .條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會(huì)產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間從句謂語形式主句謂語形式將來動(dòng)詞過去式(be 用 were) should +動(dòng)詞原形

15、were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would / should / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形過去had +動(dòng)詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞2 .條件中的虛擬語氣的舉例(1)將來時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。If he w

16、ere to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要來的話，他會(huì)通知我們一聲。(2)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的話，它會(huì)幫助我們的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。(3)過去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看過這場(chǎng)電影，我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。

17、If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)會(huì)到了李先生。3. 運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)當(dāng)從何的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會(huì)去國外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the

18、chance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。(2) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對(duì)待。從何的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：If he were fr

19、ee today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。If he had been working hard, he would b

20、e working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。(3) 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had 時(shí)， if 可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired

21、 him to work here.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。(4) 有時(shí)，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(

22、5) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過這次考試了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1 1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂語為：should + 動(dòng)詞原形

23、。并且should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出發(fā)了 以防遲到。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說話的人以便能挺He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把

24、信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。2.讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在even if, even though所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛才H語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與 if 所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即是他親 自來也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.及時(shí)華佗再世也就不了 他。2 2) 在 whatever , whichever , whenever, whoever, wh

25、erever, however, no matter wh-word 等 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：may +動(dòng)詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事, 我們者B要按時(shí)完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.無論他在哪里,我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他來的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。may +

26、完成式(指過去)，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustn' t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他翻過什么錯(cuò)誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3)在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should +動(dòng)詞原形，主旬結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：Although / Though he sho

27、uld often be late, he is a good student.盡管他經(jīng)常遲至U,他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules.盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3 .方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間;虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主旬動(dòng)作之前had +過去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用 were )發(fā)生在上句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should+原形動(dòng)詞例如：Th

28、ey began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識(shí)很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。4 .原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其需擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：shou

29、ld + 原形動(dòng)詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：He was angry that you should call him by name.他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question.我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問題。should + 完成式，指過去。如：I ' m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have

30、 known what I did yesterday.我彳艮吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作的事情。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1 . 英語中，如： advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist（ 堅(jiān)決要求），order, propose, request, suggest（建議）表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬 語氣,起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：（should） + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地

31、利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul.黨要求我 4要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓 語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadn ' t stolen the watch.湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2

32、 . believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should +原形動(dòng)詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger?你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3 .英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。 其虛擬語氣

33、的結(jié)構(gòu)為表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主旬動(dòng)作之前(1)had + 過去分詞；(2)would / could / might / should + have+過去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用 were )發(fā)生在上句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should +原形動(dòng)詞例如：I wish I learnt English well.我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with hi

34、m. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4 .英語中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had +過去分詞；現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(be 用 were )將來過去時(shí)(be 用 were )例如：I ' d rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場(chǎng)電影。I ' d rather you were here now.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。We d rather you went here

35、 tomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語具的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式不限。句型：(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable /annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious/ desirable / importa

36、nt / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / naturalthat (2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder.that (3) It is suggested / reques ted / desired / proposed /.that (4) It worries me that 如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come.很

37、奇怪，他竟沒有來。It is a pity that we should not meet last night.真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that.我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中， 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、 命令、 建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order,plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主

38、語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時(shí)，表語從表面上看幾尉及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：He told us his idea that he should go to university.他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新

39、工廠。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中， 表示： “早該做某事了”時(shí)， 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that +主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式/ should + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了。七 . 簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣1. 說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為： wou

40、ld / could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2. 表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“may + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形+ 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。3. 表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、

41、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。God bless us. 上帝保佑。4. 習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語氣。(1) 提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎？(2) 陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會(huì)很高興。I would try my best to help you.

42、 我會(huì)盡力幫助你。(3) 提出勸告或建議。如：You d better ask your father first.你最好先問一問你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first.你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。(4) 提出問題。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎？(5) 表示對(duì)過去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過去 分詞”。

43、如 You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。4、 sudden decision, time clause referring to the future adverbial clause.突然決定，表示將來的時(shí)間狀語；狀語從句；讓步狀語從句。說話瞬間突然做出決定，用will + 動(dòng)詞原形表示。表示將來的時(shí)間狀語從句，在when, as soon as, after, before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Adverbial clause

44、of concession 讓步狀語從句Although 和 though 可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Although she doesn t enjoy her job, she works hard.5、 Adverbial clause ( 2) cause, result and purpose狀語從句二原因、結(jié)果、目的狀語從句1.as, since, because 等連詞可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句As I haven t studied, I won t pass this exam2.so that 可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句He is studying hard so that he can b

45、ecome a doctor.3.so that或such+(an) +名詞+that可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。It is so cold that the lake has frozen over.4. 在 many, much, few, little 前用 so 而不用 such.Famous film stars earn so much money nowadays that they can choose who to work for.用 so lovely a boy 可代替 such a lovely boy.6、 prepositions of time, place and m

46、ovement 表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作的介詞Time : 時(shí)間 after lunch, at midnight, at night, at the movement, before Christmas, duringthe break in 1999, in April, in the morning, on Sunday, on 1st April.Place 地點(diǎn) at home /the bank /the seaside /above the lake/ below the clouds, behind thetree, between the bank and the park.,

47、in Bake street, in the box, in the picture, on the table/bus/first floor, under the bridge, over the table.Movement 動(dòng)作: across the park, along the river, in to the building, to/from Warsaw7、 Relative Clause 定語從句1定語從句可用來修飾，限定正在談?wù)摰娜嘶蛭颯tudents who go to this school沒有定語從句就不知道所談的和人或何物。在定語從句中門要用下列關(guān)系代詞：Who

48、 (有時(shí)用that )用來指人，that用來指代動(dòng)物。Which (that) 用來指代物地點(diǎn)等The park that is in the center of the town has beautiful big trees.Where用來指代位置和地點(diǎn)，whose用來表示所屬關(guān)系。若關(guān)系代詞which , that或who在定語從句中作賓語，而不做主語時(shí)，可以省略。The girl (who) you meet is Peter s sister.8、 language problem-solving ,a, an ,the在下列情況下用a/an1，所談?wù)摰氖履莻€(gè)人或物并不重要時(shí)2) ，

49、所談?wù)摰氖且活惾嘶蛭飼r(shí)，3，第一次談?wù)撃橙嘶蛭飼r(shí)，2，單詞首字母為輔音前用a , 而首字母為元音或以元音發(fā)音的名詞前用an3) 在下列情況下用the1)所談?wù)摰娜嘶蛭锸亲x者或聽者已知曉的且易于辨認(rèn)的。2)當(dāng)所談?wù)摰娜嘶蛭飼r(shí)世界上獨(dú)一無二的用或不用冠詞的短語英語有許多短語中冠詞的使用很難解釋清楚，所以需要牢記No article ：零冠詞at home, at school, go to work, go to bed, have breakfast /lunch, inhospital,和the 連用的短語：at the station, to the cinema, play the pia

50、no, in the morning/ evening .和a 連用的短語：have a bath /shower, have a rest, have a cake, have a drink.在國家和城鎮(zhèn)名稱前不用the 但在河流，海洋和山脈名稱前要用the 。必修三一、 Relative Clause with where, when and why, where, when, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞where, when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可提供時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的信息，在 reason 后可用 why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。介詞 + which /whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞可做介詞的賓語

51、，通常在 which和whom#加介詞即介詞+which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)This is the book for which he is looking.可以根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞來選介詞，也可以依據(jù)從句的相關(guān)動(dòng)詞來選用。但在日常英語中，通常是吧介詞放在從句句末，省略關(guān)系代詞which 和 whomThe train(which /that) I m travelling on is for Shanghai.二、形容詞和副詞的比較More and more越來越Less /the least 不如/最不The the 越就越 The less I worried, the better

52、 I worked.三、修飾形容詞比較級(jí)Much, a lot, slightly, a little, almost, a bit, far, even, still, twice/ t hree times more than/twice as much/many as/twice the +n +of 比多/是 的兩倍/三倍。四、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞英語中動(dòng)詞分為兩類：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞描述動(dòng)作，可用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞描述狀態(tài)，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞： admit, believe, know, mean, prefer, realize, rem

53、ember, think,understand, want,表達(dá)情感的動(dòng)詞：adore， care, like, dislike, love, hate, hope表達(dá)擁有和存在的動(dòng)詞：appear, be, belong, contain, have, include, need, seem, possess,own.感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, look, see, smell, sound, taste,有些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可以表示動(dòng)作，在此意義上，這些動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。How are you feeling?感官動(dòng)詞后用形容詞修飾二不用副詞。The roses look and smell

54、 beautiful.四、定語從句：defining and non-defining 限制性和非限制性定語從句I .概念：(1) 定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent) 后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。(3) 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份(可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語)常用的關(guān)系代詞: that 、 which 、 who、 whom、 whose、 as 、

55、but ( 文語 , 置于否定詞之后=that/who not，”沒有不",在從句中作主語，賓語）常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when 、 why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy （whom） you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞

56、在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。n.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。（指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于 which）（ 一般不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語） 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. （主語 ）2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything （ that） you like.（賓語）4. What is the question （that/which） they are talking about?5.