初中動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞精講及練習(xí)

1、初中動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞精講考點(diǎn)1 :動(dòng)詞不定式1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的形式及特點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式一般由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“ not to （ do） ”He asked me to play chess with him 他讓我和他一起下國(guó)際象棋。（帶io）1 saw a boy go across the road just now 我看見(jiàn)有個(gè)男孩剛才過(guò)了馬路。（不帶to）The teacher told me n ot to be late agai n老師告訴我不要再遲到。（否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的用法2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能作

2、謂語(yǔ)，但可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。雖不作謂語(yǔ)，但它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。下面重點(diǎn)介紹幾種用（1）不定式作賓語(yǔ) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)的情況比較多，但是一般情況下，不定式只作部分動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)（即動(dòng)詞+ to do sth。結(jié)構(gòu)）的動(dòng)詞有：begn（開(kāi)始），care（愿意），ask（要求），hope（希望）， learn（學(xué)會(huì)），expect（期望），want（想要）,wish（希望），forget（忘記），like（喜歡），decide（決定）,try（嘗試），continue（繼 續(xù)），er（比較喜歡），pretend假裝）等。女口I hope to

3、see the famous scientist （ to see作hope的賓語(yǔ)）我希望看見(jiàn)那位著名的科學(xué)家。 不定式也可以用來(lái)作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞有：ready（準(zhǔn)備好），anxious（急于），able能夠），sure一定），glad（高興），sory（難過(guò)），afraid（害怕），pleased高興），willing（愿意）等。 如m glad to meet you （ to meeI作glad的賓語(yǔ)）見(jiàn)到你很高興。 不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用作賓語(yǔ)。女口： when to do（什么時(shí)候做）；how to do（怎樣做）；what todo（做 什么）；why to do（

4、為什么做）；where to do（在哪丿L做）； which to do（做哪一個(gè)）等。如Idon' t know what to buy for my mother。（ what to buy 作 know 的賓語(yǔ)）我不知道給媽媽買什么。（2.）不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也是在一些特定的動(dòng)詞之后。常接“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”（即動(dòng)詞+sbo + to do sth。結(jié)構(gòu)）動(dòng)詞有：ask請(qǐng)），force（強(qiáng)迫），alow（允許），expect（期望，盼望），Invite（邀請(qǐng)），want（要）， ell（告訴），advise（建議），help（幫助），persuade說(shuō)服），

5、permit（準(zhǔn)許）等。如 Joan asked Mary to speak first o（Mary在句中作賓語(yǔ)，to speak補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Mary要做的事）瓊請(qǐng)瑪麗先說(shuō) （3）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，用于表示行為的目的，一般放在動(dòng)詞后面。如We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA （ to welcome 作目的狀語(yǔ)） 我們跑過(guò)去歡迎來(lái)自美國(guó)的新朋友（4）不定式作主語(yǔ)（可用it來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)，將真正主語(yǔ)置后）To leann maths is very important = It is very important

6、 to leann maths。 學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很重要。3。省略to的不定式使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞，后帶賓語(yǔ)，再接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不定式要省略to,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要補(bǔ)上to.?？嫉挠蠱ake sb. do sth使某人做某事let sb. do sth=讓某人做某事ake sb. do叫某人做某事have sb. do sth.使某人做某事notice sh。do（ doing）sth。注意某人（正在）做某多see sb.do（ doing）sth看見(jiàn)某人（正在）做某事hear sb.do（ doing）sth聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人（正在）做某事如:1 often see him run on the road

7、（省略to）我經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)他在路上跑步。4。不帶to的常用句型Why don' t you do sth。？為什么不做某事？Why not do sth。？為什么不做某事？Would/ Could you please do sth ?青你做某事，好嗎？Would/ Could you please not do sth ?請(qǐng)你不要做某事，好嗎？ would rather do sth= tha n do sth=寧愿做某事，也不愿做某事 had better（not） do sth最好（不）要做某事 prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿做某事，也不愿

8、做某事考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)名詞1。動(dòng)名詞的基本形式和性質(zhì)（1）動(dòng)名詞是由“動(dòng)詞原形加-ing"”構(gòu)成，形式與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞相同。如: No smoking here.這里禁止吸煙。動(dòng)名詞兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)是可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，組成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；名詞 的性質(zhì)在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。女口She is fond of collecting stamps （作賓語(yǔ)）她喜歡集郵。Traveling abroad can be very exciting （作主語(yǔ)）出國(guó)旅行會(huì)是很激動(dòng)人心的。2。常見(jiàn)的可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有in sist o n（堅(jiān)持）thi nk of（想到）dream o

9、f（夢(mèng)想）object to（反對(duì)）hear of（聽(tīng)說(shuō)）look forward to（期望）feel like（想要）devote。to（致力于）get/ be used to 習(xí)慣于） be fond of（喜歡）be afraid of（害怕）be tired of（厭煩）succeed成 功）stop。from（阻止做）keep。from（阻止）prevent。from（阻止做depe nd on 依靠）spe nd。in（在花費(fèi)）be in terested in 對(duì)感興趣）be proud of（以為驕傲/自豪）一.從各題后的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入句中空白處的最佳答案。()1.

10、She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock.A. to have restedB. rest ingC. to restD. rest()2. Do you know the boyun der the big tree?A. lay B. la inC. layi ng D. lyi ng()3. You ' d betteryour bikeat on ce. It is Mon day tomorrow, you know.A. to have, mendB. have, men dedC. have, to

11、mendD. to have, men ded)4. - Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.-Oh, I forgotA. turning them offC. to turn them offB. turn them offD. hav ing tur ned them off6the officer saidB. and point an grilyD. point an grilyto the no tice.()5.“Can ' t you read?A. an grily pointingC. an grily po

12、in ted()6. The computer cen ter,last year, is very popular among the stude nts in thisschool.A. ope n B. ope ningC. hav ing ope nedD. ope ned()7. The policema n warned the young manafter drinking.A. n ever to driveB. to n ever driveC. n ever driv ingD. n ever drive()8. - What ' s the Ianguagein

13、New Zealand?-En glish.A. speak ing B. spoke n C. be spoke n D. to speak()9. He didn ' t feel likeout for a walk, because he had caught a cold.A. to goB. goes C. gone D. going()10. Paul doesn ' t have to be made. He always works hard.A. learn B. to lear nC. learnedD. learni ng()11. The house

14、is not big eno ugh for us all.A. to live inB. to be lived inC. to liveD. for livi ng in()12. A clock is made forus the time.A. tell B. telli ngC. to tell D. tells()13. You ' d betterat home all the time. It ' s bad for your health.A. don ' t stayB. no to stayC. not stayD. not stay ing()1

15、4. The stude nts are busyready for the exam now.A. getti ng B. get C. got D. to get()15. The mother asked the boydow n the ladder, but he went onin stead.A. come; climbi ngB. to come; to climbC. to come; climbi ngD. coming; climbi ng二.語(yǔ)法選擇填空。Sometimes you just n eed a quick trip to the beach. I deci

16、ded 1 Puerto Rico. The island, is a USA territory(地域),offers America ns all the comforts ofdomestic (國(guó)內(nèi)的)travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture alon g 3 waterfalls and good food and drin ks.We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hiking through the is

17、land's rainforest and, of course enjoying tropical(熱帶的)drinks as we thought of _5 futures.Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices ten lower inthe rainy mon ths, April to November, but that's because you run the risk of 8 stuck in side your hotel room wait ing for the rai n to

18、 subside減弱)。Traveli ng there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willi ng 9my cha nces.We also spe nt a day 10_EI Yunq ue, Puerto rico's famous tropical ra in forest.Many visitors rent a car and made the trek 跋涉)11 their own from San jua n-it'sabout 30 minu tes away- we booked a guided tour through our hotel thatincluded13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 severaldifferent places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure,