動名詞的用法

1、動名詞的用法及練習(xí)你聽過英文語法有動詞（verb）、名詞（noun）;但你聽過有動名詞（gerund）嗎？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl si nging now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies（愛好）.一、名詞性的動名詞（Nominal Gerund）Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠詞（Definite article ，女口 the）或不定冠詞（Indefinite article，如a, an），其他可加在動名詞前的還有如：my, this, some, any, a

2、ll, no等等。舉例如下：1. The mellow（ 愉快地）singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.沙沙聲）in the bushes.（si ngi ng 前加定冠詞the 及形容詞 mellow ； comi ng前加the）2. We knew the robber was n ear whe n we heard a faint rustl ing（rustling前加不定冠詞a及形容詞faint）從上面的例子可看出如何將一個動詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞；但它和真正的名詞還是有區(qū)別的，那就是沒有單數(shù) 或復(fù)數(shù)之分。不過，有一些動名詞是

3、可以變成真正名詞的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting,cutt ing, head ing, feeli ng, bein g,sav ing, surr ounding, cross ing, misun dersta nding等等。它們都可以有復(fù)數(shù)的喔，方法就是在它們的后面加個S，如：paintings。二、動詞性的動名詞（Verbal Gerund）看看下面的句子：Carelessly writi ng essays annoys the teacher.上面的句子里的writing 是動名詞，但前面有副詞carelessly（粗心地），后面又

4、有受詞（Object）essays。因此writing 就有動詞的特征。注意：Verbal Gerund 這類動名詞的前面可不能加上任何冠詞 （the, a, an .） 喔。 動名詞的功能與用法一、在句子中用作主語（Subject）或主語的補(bǔ)語（Subject Complement）:1.1作主語1. Listening to music gives me pleasure.（主語 Listening）2. Running is good exercise.（主語 running）3. Walking to school is a good idea.（主語 walking）補(bǔ)語 sleep

5、ing） 補(bǔ)語 believing）1.2 作主語的補(bǔ)語1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.（2. Seeing is believing.（主語 seeing,1.3主語置于句尾 1.3.1 用It + be + . +v-ing句型1. It is fun sp eak ing En glish.污染）.2. It is of great imp orta nee fighti ng aga inst p olluti on（1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun等的句型1. It is no us

6、e lear ning theory without p ractice.2. It is no fun being lost in rai n.等的句型1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, ni ce, good, in teresti ng, worthwhile1. It is worthwhile tak ing this into con siderati on.1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-i ng的句型1. There is no jok ing about such matters.簡直無法與他相處）2. There is no gett

7、 ing along with him.（二、動名詞也可以作賓語（Object）（賓語 laugh ing） 賓語 quarrelling） 賓語 speaking）只能用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞還有:2.1作動詞/動詞短語的賓語（置于動詞或動詞短語的后面）1. I ca nnot help laughi ng.（我禁不住笑了起來）2. You should avoid quarrelli ng with your sister.（3. You should p ractice sp eak ing En glish more.（ 注意：上面三個句子中的動詞：hel P, avoid, p ra

8、cticedislike 厭惡 admit 接受 repent 后悔 ack no wledge 承認(rèn)enjoy rese nt fin ish fancy resist認(rèn)為想象享受 escape 避免 deny 否認(rèn) postpone 延遲 怨恨mind介意miss錯過risk 冒風(fēng)險 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽誤 con sider想象 excuse 原諒 include包括 imagine抵希y suggest 建議不禁give up 放棄還有短語類： keep (on) 繼續(xù) don't mind不介意 cannot helpp ut off 延遲 leave of

9、f 停止 burst out 闖出(infini tive)。例子如下:動詞prefer 接動名詞living)動詞prefer接不定詞to live)再請注意：有一些動詞除了可接動名詞外，也可接不定詞1.1 P refer liv ing in an ap artme nt.(2. I p refer to live in an ap artme nt.(allow deserve n eglect atte mpt fear omit begi n hatep ermit bother intend ceasestart sto p forget regretn eed 其實如 hate,

10、 love, like大家去研究吧，hihi 2.2 作介詞(Preposition)像上面兩個句子的意思沒什么不同。如P refer 這一類的動詞還有:之類動詞，接動名詞和接不定詞的句子，意思是會有些不同的，這就留給like recomme nd con ti nue love prop ose try con ti nue remember的賓語(Object)1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble.(介詞 for，賓語 giving)2. The book is worth reading.(介詞 worth, 賓語 reading

11、)3. I reached him by calling his office.(介詞 by, 賓語 calling)4. The police arrested( 逮捕)him for speeding.( 介詞 for, 賓語 speeding) 注意：在下列的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correct ing her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) read ing book.3. There is no use (in) talk ing with him now.4. Is it any good (

12、in) tak ing cold water baths?賓語 speaking) 賓語 studying)2.3作"名詞+介詞"的賓語 請看下列的句子：1.1 have the pl easure of sp eak ing to the famous author. (p leasure of +2. He takes a great in terest in study ing Ian guages. (in terest in + 這一類"名詞+介詞"的還有：dan ger of fear of objecti on todelight to h

13、abit of opportun ity for /ofexcuse for exp erie nee in love inreas on for "主語"，也就稱為"邏三、句子中動名詞的邏輯主語(Implied Subject) 什么是動名詞的邏輯主語呢？在句子中，除了原有的主語之外，屬于動名詞的輯主語"，一般位于動名詞的前面。3.1在動名詞前加"物主代詞(如：my, his.)"或'名詞所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's.)"1. His coming here helped us a lot

14、.(主語/ 邏輯主語 his, 動名詞 coming)2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主語/ 邏輯主語 Tom,動名詞esca ping)3.2作賓語(Object)的動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，在動名詞前加"物主代詞"或"名詞所有格"1. Do you mi nd my smok ing in the romm?(邏輯主語 my, 動名詞 smok ing)2. He insisted on Mary's staying there.(邏輯主語

15、Mary, 動名詞 staying)注意：作為邏輯主語的名詞/代詞為無生命時，則用通格(of the):(邏輯主1. I cannot say there is no fear of the n ews sp read ing among in timate frie nds. 語 n ews)3.3在下列情況中，不能使用所有格：等作為邏輯主語時：3.3.1 代詞為 all, both, each, few, several, some, this1. I remember all of them say ing it .3.3.2 數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞(如the three, the old.

16、)作邏輯主語時：1. In sp ite of the three telli ng the same story, I could not believeit.3.3.3結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語是名子或短語，或受從句或短語修飾時：1. Is there any cha nee of the people in the back of the room talk ing a little louder? 四、動名詞的語態(tài) 4.1被動式(being + v-ed)當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語所表示的是動作的對象時，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)。1. He dislikes being interrup ted(被打岔)in

17、 his sp eech.2. They could n't sta nd bei ng treated(被對待)like that.4.2 完成式(having + v-ed)動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。1. We regret hav ing bee n un able to inform you of the meeti ng.2. The stude nts' hav ing done( 完成)the work so well made us very happy.4.3完成式的被動語態(tài)(having been + v-ed)1.1 heard of h

18、is hav ing bee n chose n(被選為)to be the coach of the team.2. Some of our customers complained of hav ing bee n treated(被對待)rudely.4.4在動詞need, want, require, deserve 之后的動名詞(作為賓語)，要用主動 語態(tài)來表示被動的意思。不需回答）1. The flowers in the garde n want wateri ng(需要澆水).2. That's one of those questi ons that really d

19、on't n eed an sweri ng(五、作定語 (Attribute )臥車印務(wù)館手杖閱讀室洗衣機(jī) 7. di ning room飯廳動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關(guān)的動作。2. waiki ng stick4. read ing room6. wash ing machi ne1. slee ping car3. prin ti ng shop5. swimmi ng pool 泳池六、 在英文正式語體里，動名詞可放在前置詞(Preposition)后，以替代副詞/狀語的子 句(Adverbial Clauses)例：1. In case cust

20、omers encounter difficulties, they should ring the following number:.2. In case of encoun teri ng difficulties, customers should ring the follow ing nu mber:.第二個句子的"In case of "動名詞短句(Gerund Phrase)取代第一個句子的"Incase" 副詞子句。下列都是這類例子：1. In sp ite of doing his best, the pupil was rep ro

21、ached. (In sp ite of )2. Desp ite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (des pite)3. For all his argu ing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)4. The firema n disti nguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)5. In sending us the book you pro ved to be reliable. (In)6. In

22、 stead of blam ing the boy, the teacher en couraged him. (in stead of )7. The girl left without say ing a word. (without)8. The boy was blamed for break ing the win dow. (for)9. The childre n got tired from lear ning too much. (from)10. After spending the holidays with us, our nep hew went back to E

23、n gla nd. (after)11. Before going to bed, I opened the win dow. (before)12. On arriv ing at the stati on, Joh n was welcomed by his frie nds. (on)13. Since leav ing school, I have not see n my teacher. (sin ce)練習(xí)題1) Mark ofte n attem pts to esca pe _Dwhen ever he BReaks TRaffic regulati ons.A) shav

24、in gsbee n fined B) to have bee n fined C) to be fined D) being fined2) My wife said in her letter that she would app reciate _D_ from you sometime.A) to have heard B) to hear C) for heari ng D) heari ng3) The thief took away the woma n's wallet without A .A) being see n B) see ing C) him see in

25、g D) see ing him4) People app reciate _Cwith him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1)A) to work B) to have worked C) worki ng D) have worki ng5) rve enjo yed _Bto talk with you.A) to be able B) being able C) to bee n able D) of being able6) No one can avoid _B_ by advertiseme nts. A)

26、 to be in flue need B) being in flue needC) in flue ncing D) shav ings in flue nee7) They are con sideri ng _C_ before the p rices go up.A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house8) He thought that _C_.A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effo

27、rt was not worth in doing the jobC) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job9) If I had remembered A the door, the things would not have bee n stole n.A) to lock B) lock ing C) to have locked D)shav ings locked10) Your shirt n eedsC_. You'd better

28、 have it done today.A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed11) You can't hel p _C_ commercials; every few minu tes the p rogram is in terr up ted to give you one advertiseme nt or ano ther. A) to hear B) to be heard C) heari ng D) with heari ng12) My TRa nsistor radio is n't worki ng.

29、It _C.A) n eed rep airi ng B) n eeds to rep airC) n eeds rep airi ng D) n eed to be rep aired13) It is no use _Bme not to worry.A) you tell B) your telli ngC) for you to have told D)shav ings told14) He is very busy _B_ his pap ers. He is far too busycallers.A) to write.to receive B) writ in g.to re

30、ceiveC) writ in g.recei ving D) to write.for recei ving15) The sus pect at last admitted A stole n goods but deniedthem.A) receivi ng.selli ngB) to receive.to sellC) to recei vin g.to selli ngD) to have received.to have sold16) She apo logized for A to come.A) her not being able B) her being not abl

31、eC) not being able D) that she's not able to17) I really app reciate _Cto help me, but I am sure that I can man age by myself.A) you to offer B) that you offerC) your offeri ng D) that you are offeri ng18) PI ease stop _D_, boys, I have someth ing imp orta nt toyou.A) say ing .talk B) telli ng .

32、 sayC) talk in g .s peak D) talki ng . tell19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _B_ his tape recorder?A) to fix B) fix ing C) for fix ing D) fix20) "Why isn't Na ncy goi ng to meet us?""It's my fault. I forgot all about A her."A) tele phoning to B) to

33、tele phoneC) to tele phone to D) the tele phoning to21) "Why were you late?""I had a hard time _Dup this morni ng."A) to get B) get C) got D) gett ing22) I remember _Bto help us if we ever got sin tos TRouble.A) once offeri ng B) him once offeri ngC) him to offer D) to offer him2

34、3) Joh n regrettedA to the meet ing last week.A) not going B) not to goC) no tshav in gsbee n going D) not to be going24) It is difficult to get used _B_ in a tent after shav in gsa soft, comforTABLE bed to lieon.A) slee p B) to slee pingC) sle pt D) to slee p25) He gives people the imp ressi on _Cm

35、any po ems.A) of shav in gswritte n B) to have writte nC) of being writte n D) to write26) Do you feel like _Dout or would you ratherdinner at home?A) goin g.to have B) to go.to haveC) to go.hav ing D) goin g.have27) P rior to Athe formal sp eech, first he will in TRoduce himself.A) deliveri ng B) d

36、eliverC) being deliveri ng D) being delivered28) 1 don't mind _D_ by bus, but I hatein queues.A) to TRavel.sta nding B)shav in gsTRaveled.sta ndingC) TRaveli ng.to sta nd D) TRaveli ng.sta nding29) What about C_ double quantities of everything today? Wehave hardly time to gon ext week.A) buyin g

37、.to sho p B) buy.sho ppingC) buyin g.sho pping D) to buy.sho pping30) We had some TRouble _Bthe house and n obody seemedswheresit was.A) in findin g.k nowing B) findin g.to knowC) to fin d.k nowing D) to fin d.to know31) We can't imagi ne _Bin the en TRa nee exam in ati on, for she has n ever be

38、e n to school.A) she succeedi ng B) her succeedi ngC) she succeed D) her to succeed32) 1 don't like _A_ at me.A) them laughi ng B) their laughC) them laugh D) them to have laughed33) We suggested A in hotels but the childre n were an xiousout.A) slee pin g.to camp B) slee pin g.ca mpingC) to sle

39、e p.to camp D) to slee p.ca mping?34)l have no OBJECTio n _Bthe eve ning with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending35) After A for the job, you will be required to take a Ian guage test.A) being in terviewed B) in terviewedC) in terviewi ng D)shavi ngsi nterviewed36) The match w

40、as can celled because most of the members A a match without a sta ndard court.A) OBJECTed toshav in gsB) were OBJECTed to haveC) OBJECTed to have D) were OBJECTed to havi ng37) Jea n did not have time to go to the con cert last ni ght because she was busy _C_for her exam in atio n.A) to prepare B) t

41、o be prep aredC) preparing D) being prep ared38) lt is no goodA remember grammatical rules. You n eed to p ractise what you havelearn ed.A) TRyi ng to B) to TRy toC) TRy to D) TRied tohim un fairly.39) After _D_ him better, I regretted _A) gett ing to kno w.to judgeB) getti ng to kno w.to have judge

42、dC) getti ng to have kno w.judg ingD) gett ing to kno w.hav ing judged40) He is look ing forward to _C_ his holiday in Brita in.A) spend B) have spentC) spending D)shav in gsbee n spending41) Before _D_ the house, you should get a surveyorover it.A) buyin g.look ing B)shav in gsbought.to lookC) buyi

43、n g.to have looked D) buyin g.to look42) In some counTRies people favor _C_ together even though there is much more spaee.A) to stay B) stayC) stay ing D) stayedA) be B) to be C) to43) "Why was Fred so up set?""He isn't used _Ccriticized."being D)shav in gsbee n44) It's n

44、o use _Bto get a barga in these days.A) to expect B) exp ect ingC) wanting D) you expect45) "Why were you so late for work today?"" A to the office was very slow this morni ng because of the TRaffic."A) Drivi ng B) I droveC) To drive D) That I drove46) It was impo lite of him A w

45、ithoutgood-bye.A) to leave, say ing B) leav ing, to sayC) to leave, to say D) leav ing, say ing47) He kept _C_to his paren ts.A) pu tt ing off to write B) to put off to writeC) pu tt ing off writ ing D) to put off writ ing48) I'll go with you after I get through with A the house.A) clea ning B)

46、to clea ningC) to be clea ned D)shav in gsclea ned49) With app les at 25 cents a pound, we could n't resist _C_four poun ds.A) to take B) took C) tak ing D) have take n50) How can you kee p the mach ine _Cwhen you are away?A) run B) to run C) running D) being run動名詞I .單項選擇(45%)1. No one enjoys (

47、C)at.A.Iaugh ingB.to laughC.be ing laughed D.to be laughed2. You must do someth ing to p reve nt your house (B)A.to be broke n inB.from being broke n inC.to break inD.from break ing in3. They in sisted on (C)a no ther cha nee to try.A.give nB.givi ngC.be ing give n D.to be give n(C)it here.4. Where

48、is my p ass port? I rememberit with you all the time.You should n't have left it here. RememberA.to put ; to takeB.putting ； takingC.putting ； to takeD.to put ; taking5. His room n eeds (A), so he must have itA.pain ti ng ； pain tedB.pain ted ; paintingC.pain ti ng ； paintingD.pain ted ; pain te

49、d6. After fin ishi ng his homework he went on (D)a letter to his paren ts.A.writeB.writi ngC.wroteD.to write(A) with great care. D.take n good care of7. The young trees we plan ted last week requireA.look ing afterB.to look after C.to be looked after8.0nly (D)E nglish does n't mean ( ) the Ian g

50、uage.A.to learn ； to learn B.learning ； learningC.learning about； learn D.learning about； learning(C)9.She retu rned home only to find the door open and someth ingA.missed B.to be miss ing C.miss ingD.to be missed1O.She decided to devote herself (C) the p roblem of old age.A.to study B.study ing C.t

51、o study ing D.study11. Remember (C)the n ews paper whe n you have fini shed it.A.pu tti ng backB.put back C.to put back D.be put back12. As she is look ing forward to (B)from me, p lease remember ()this letter on your way to school.A.hear ； post B.hearing ； to postC.be heard ； posting D.be hearing ；

52、 to postingyour han dwrit ing.13. Gra ndma said that she had a lot of trouble(C)A.to read B.to see C.readi ngC.i n see ing14. Writi ng stories and articles (A)what I enjoy most.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15. We app reciate (C)us to the ball.A.them to in viteB.to in viteC.their in vit ing D.be ing in vited(

53、)a form.16. Would you mi nd (C)quiet for a mome nt? rm tryi ngA.keeping ； filling out B.to keep； to fill outC.keeping ； to fill out D.to keep； filling out17. He was afraid(B) for being late.A.of see ingB.of being see n C.to be see n D.to have see n18.1'd like to suggest (B)the meeti ng till n ex

54、t week.A.to p ut off B.p utti ng off C. put offD.to be p ut offthe work without19.1 don't see how I could p ossibly man age(B) () .A.finish ； helping B.to finish ； being helpedC.finishing ； helping D.finishing ； being helped20. A ny thi ng worth (A) is worthy of ()well.A.doing ； being done B.doi

55、ng ； doingC.to be done ； to be done D.to be done ； being donethe work.21. We advised them to take a rest, but they in sisted (D)A.fin ishB.to fin ishC.in fin ishi ng D.o n fin ishi ng22.1 delayed (B)your letter because I had bee n away for a week.A.a nswerB.a nsweri ngC.writ ingD.to p ost(C)by the p olice.23.The thief drove as fast as he could to esca peA.to be caughtB.he caughtC.be ing caughtD.catchi ng24.1 searched for my wallet and it was