小升初英語知識點總結(jié)

1、小升初英語知識點總結(jié)具體知識點:第一部分:基礎(chǔ)知識1.字母:26個字母的大小寫ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.語音:元音的發(fā)音五個元音字母:AEIOU12個單元音:長元音:/:/,/:/,/:/,/i:/,/u:/短元音:/æ/ /e/ /i/ / / / /u/ /3.詞匯:詞匯量,近反義詞4.句子:大小寫,標(biāo)點符號第二部分:語法知識一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格(一名詞單復(fù)數(shù)1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh

2、. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mous e-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth

3、, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Ja panese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二名詞的格(1 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:a 單數(shù)后加s如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加如: his friends bagsc 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加s childrens shoes并列名詞中,如果把s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車要表示所有物不是共

4、有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加sToms and Mikes cars湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車(2表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:(1不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /an e-mail

5、/ an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / anexciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2定冠詞:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:(1特指某(些人或某(些物:The ruler is on the desk.(2復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren

6、t at school.(4在序數(shù)詞前:Johns birthday is February the second.(5用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠詞的情況:(1專有名詞前:China is a big country.(2名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys cant swim.They are teachers.(4在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas

7、Day. Its Sunday.(5一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6球類棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.(7學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.(8在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.(9固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus三、代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù) I(我 me my(

8、我的復(fù)數(shù) we(我們 us our(我們的第二人稱單數(shù) you(你 you your(你的復(fù)數(shù) you(你們 you your(你們的第三人稱單數(shù) he(他 him his(他的she(她 her her(她的it(它 it its(它的復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們 them their(他們的/她們的/它們的四、形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級(一、形容詞的比較級1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格。2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:一般在詞尾加e

9、r ;以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二副詞的比較級1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther五數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞(11-20one,two,three,four,f

10、ive,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen, fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(221-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3101999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586five hundred and

11、 eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion1,001one thousand and one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundre d and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and

12、fifty billion二、序數(shù)詞(1一般在基數(shù)詞后加theg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2不規(guī)則變化onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth, twelvetwelfth(3以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加thtwentytwentieth,fortyfortieth,ninetyninetieth(4從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基數(shù)詞

13、轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。六、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等。 :00(dawn,midnight,noon在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午2.on1表示具體日期。注:(1關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:(on在周末-特指(on在周末-泛指在整個周末在周末期間(2在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Ch而不說 2在(剛的時候。On reaching the cit

14、y he called up his parents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。3.in1表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。in(during1988(December,the 20th century在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì)七、動詞:動詞的四種時態(tài):(1一般現(xiàn)在時:一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它。如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱

15、單數(shù)(he, she, it時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2一般過去時:動詞過去式詳解動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動詞一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如worke

16、d , learned , cleaned , visited以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如lived , danced , used以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少如stoppedB、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing sang , eat ate ,see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , bu

17、y bought , get got , read read,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3一般將來時:基本結(jié)構(gòu):be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天. = I wil

18、l go swimming tomorrow.(4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少有:running , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分:句法1.陳述句(1肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:Im a student.She is a doctor. He works in a

19、hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:Im not a student.She is not (isnt a doctor.He does not (doesnt work in a hospital.There are not (arent four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑問句一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答