定語(yǔ)從句精講精練(精編版)

1、第一講：概念&關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的疋語(yǔ)從句念理解1. 什么是定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起 修飾、限定作用的成分，它可以是一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)或者 句子。如果是一個(gè)句子，則這個(gè)句子就是定語(yǔ)從句。She is a beautiful girl. （beautiful 是定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾名詞 girl）I need a blue pen. （blue是定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)限定名詞 pen）Will you atte nd the meeti ng to be held next wee?（不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）I met a strangerwho looked like my brother（定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾 a st

2、range）2. 構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句有三個(gè)部分：1）:被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾或限定的詞2）: 一個(gè)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞3）從句部分：定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容部分練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出以下定語(yǔ)從句的三個(gè)部分：1）The book that I am reading is very interesting2）I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.3）They helped the man whose car had broken down.3. 定語(yǔ)從句的 引導(dǎo)詞 有兩種： 關(guān)系代詞： who, whose, whom, which, that

3、, as ;關(guān)系畐【J詞： when, where, why;關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞類型作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)人who/thatwhom/who /that/ 省略whose物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose人和物thatthat整個(gè)句子which / as （非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）1）This is the manwho/that helped me.先行詞 the man 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)）2）She is the girlwho/whom/that/省略 we met yesterday.先行詞 the girl 在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓3）My partner is

4、a boy whosemother is a teacher.（先行詞 a boy在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)， 即 他的/她的/它的/他們的/它們的”引導(dǎo)詞用whose）4）The park which / that is n ear my home is very beautiful.（先行詞 the park 在定語(yǔ)從句中 作主語(yǔ)）5）The letter which/that/省略 I received was from my father.（先行詞 the letter 在定語(yǔ)從 句中作賓語(yǔ)）6）We talked about the persons and thingthat we cou

5、ld remember.（先行詞是 the persons and thi ngs,既有人又有物，所以只用that引導(dǎo)）7）He won the first place in the exam,which was very surprising.先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子 ） 習(xí)：1. Do you still remember the chicke n farmwe visited three mon ths ago?2. The roomwindow faces north is my sister's.3. He is the boyhelped the blind woman cro

6、ss the road .4. Is this the manyou saw just now?5. This is the very bookI want to read.6. We should everythingis useful to people.7. Her sister has become a lawyer,was always her dream.【注意以下特殊情況】下列情況只能用that，不能用which . 先行詞為不定冠詞 all, few, little, much, everything, nothing等.All that you have to do is t

7、o practice every day.你所要做的是每天訓(xùn)練。There isn ' t mthrt I can do.沒(méi)有什么我可以做的。 .先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí).The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotte n.我第一次學(xué)的課我不會(huì)忘記的。 This is the best film (that ) I have ever see n.這是我看過(guò)最好的一部電影。 .先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, som等不定代詞修飾時(shí).I have read all

8、the books that) you gave me.我已經(jīng)讀完你給我的全部書籍。 .先行詞被 the only, the very, the last, the sam等修飾時(shí).The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.當(dāng)主句以who/ which/ what開(kāi)頭的 等特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句that弓I導(dǎo)This is the same bookthat I want to read.(同一本書) .Who is the man that is

9、standing there ?t know thisWhich of us that knows something about physics doesn .先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。We talked about the pers ons and thin gthat we could remember. .time做先行詞，前面如果有序數(shù)詞或last來(lái)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)或省略；如 果沒(méi)有序數(shù)詞或last來(lái)修飾時(shí)，既可用 when也可用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a less on.The firs

10、t time (that) I saw him was in 1972.此外： .不定代詞(anyone, some one, everyo ne, thos等 )指人時(shí)，通常用 who引導(dǎo)，而不用thatIs there an yo newho knows the an swer?有沒(méi)有知道這個(gè)答案的人呢？)I admire those who are willi ng to help others.(我欣賞那些樂(lè)于助人的人) .先行詞有such, the same修飾，通常用as引導(dǎo)I have n ever heard about such a storys he told me.I w

11、ant to have such a dicti on ary as he hasSuch stude ntsas you have men ti oned should be criticized.This is the same pens I lost.這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣 This is the same perthot I lost.這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。習(xí)：1. I ' ve read all the booksour teacher asks us to read.2. This is the biggest labwe have ever built in

12、our university.3. Who is the studentwas late for school today?4. Tom is the first boyleft the room.5. God helps thosehelp themselves.(自助者天助)6. Helaughs last laughs besti誰(shuí)笑在最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。)7. Anyonesaw the accident should phone the police.8. Is oxygen the only gashelps fire burn?9. He saw a housewindows we

13、re all broken.10. I have never heard of such storieshe tells.關(guān)系副詞第定語(yǔ)講句中關(guān)語(yǔ)副詞引間導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)）.先行詞類型作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間when地點(diǎn)where原因why1先行詞是時(shí)間，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（或定語(yǔ)從句是完整句子時(shí)），用when引導(dǎo)。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （ when = on that day時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）I ' II never forget the timwhen we worked on the farm. （wh

14、en = at that time時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）The story reminds me of last yearwhen I traveled in Brita in. （whe n = last year 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）2、 先行詞是地點(diǎn)，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)（或定語(yǔ)從句是完整句子時(shí)），用where引導(dǎo)。This is the place where we lived for five years. （ where = in this place 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. （ whe

15、re = in the factory 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）3、 先行詞是原因，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作 原因狀語(yǔ)（或定語(yǔ)從句是完整句子時(shí)），用why引導(dǎo)。I know the reas on why he came late. （why = for the reas on）The reasonwhy he was late was that he was ill. （why = for the reas on）4、 特殊情況： 先行詞如果是 stage, point, situation, condition, position, ca等，且從句部分 是完整句子，此時(shí)習(xí)慣用where引導(dǎo)。Can you th

16、ink of a situati on where you once felt embarrassed?你能想到一次（你曾經(jīng)感到尷尬的）情形嗎？It ' s helpful to put children in a situatiowhere they can see themselves differently.把小孩處于一種（讓他們能不同地看待自己的）情景，這他們是有幫助的。綜合練習(xí)，用正確的引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)填空。1. The manvisited our school yesterday is from London.2. Do you remember those dayswe spe

17、nt along the seashore very happily?3. Thosewant to go please sign your names here.4. Who is the womanis sweeping the floor over there?5. Do you work near the buildingcolor is yellow?6. His father works in that factorycomputers are produced.7. His father works in that factoryproduces bikes.8. He is d

18、evoted to his careerhe can achieve his life goal.9. He has reached a stageno one can change his mind.10. This was the supermarketI bought this kind of tin.11. The housewe live is not big.12. This is the placehe works.13. This is the placewe visited last year.14. This is the very filmI' ve long w

19、ished to see.15. This is the fastest trainis going to Nanj ing.16. We are livi ng in an agemany thi ngs are done on computer.17. This is the boyEn glish is the best in our class.18. Those stude ntswant to use the computers must ask for permissi on first.定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:先做幾個(gè)題目比較一下：1. I can remember the days

20、we spent together cutting school.I can remember the dayswe played together in the village.2. This is the supermarketI bought this kind of tin.This is the supermarketyou want to find.3. This is the schoolI studied three years ago.This is the schoolI visited three years ago.4. The reasonhe was absent

21、from school was unknown.The reas onhe gave us was un believable.【做題方法指導(dǎo)1】 要正確選擇引導(dǎo)詞，可分三步走：第1步：正確判定先行詞，以及先行詞的類型（人？物？人和物？時(shí)間？地點(diǎn)？原因？） 第2步：正確判定先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中 充當(dāng)什么成分（主語(yǔ)？賓語(yǔ)？狀語(yǔ)？）第3步：確疋由第1、2步所對(duì)應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞。注意特殊情況（如：只用that不用which的情況） 若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人，用who/that;指物（不管是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因），用 which/that;若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，或定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)完整句子（不缺主

22、語(yǔ)不缺賓語(yǔ)），此時(shí)如果先行詞是時(shí)間用 when；是地點(diǎn)用where,是原因用why引導(dǎo)【做題方法指導(dǎo)2】 注意，如果先行詞是地點(diǎn)，此時(shí)它也“物”，到底填which/that，還是 where，需要正確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成份。如果定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或缺賓語(yǔ)，只則考慮填which/thatHe works in the factory that/which produces computers.定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，故填 that 或 which） 如果定語(yǔ)從句是 完整句子，（即先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)），則考慮填whereHe works in the factory where compute

23、rs are made. （computers are mac是 完整句子，故填 where）反過(guò)來(lái)，如果引導(dǎo)詞是which/that/who/whom,則先行詞一定在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓 |【做題方法指導(dǎo)3】如何判斷定語(yǔ)從句是不是一個(gè)完整句子？ 如果定語(yǔ)從句部分不缺主語(yǔ)也不缺賓語(yǔ)，則是完整句子；He works in the factory where he enjoys his work very much.如果定語(yǔ)從句部分的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞（vi），則是完整句子；He works in the factory where his father has worked for 10 year

24、s （work 是 vi.，不能搭配 work the factory，只能搭配 worked in the factory，因此where是作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）如果定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子，則是完整句子。He works in the factory where computers are made. 如果定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)there be句型，則是完整句子。He works in the factory where there are 1000 workers.第三講：限制性和非限制定語(yǔ)從句一、概念講解：限制性定語(yǔ)從句是修飾先行詞必不可少的成分，去掉從句后句子的意義就不能成立或意思 不清楚

25、。如： A plane is a machine that can fly.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)先行詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉從句后句子仍然可以成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前一般用逗號(hào)將之與主句隔開(kāi)。如：This note was left by Mary，who was here amome nt ago.1. who 指人，做主語(yǔ)。Yesterday I met Li Pi ng, who seemed to be very busy.2. whom 指人, 作賓語(yǔ). He had many friends, many of whom had been in the universities.3.

26、whose 指人, 作定語(yǔ).The Chairman ' s daughwhosename is Ann, gave Tom a smile.4. which 指物,做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ).His speech,which bored every one, went on and on.5. where 指地點(diǎn), 作狀語(yǔ).Galileo lived in Pisa, where there is a tower about 180 feet high.6. when 指時(shí)間, 作狀語(yǔ).He was born in 1937,when China and Japan were at war.7.

27、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞通常是一個(gè)句子.As we all know, he studies very hard.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后.在很多情況下已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定搭配.As I expected 正如我所預(yù)料，As is men ti oned above 女口上所說(shuō)As is reported正如報(bào)道所說(shuō)As the say ing goes,正如俗話說(shuō),As we can see正如我們能看到的,As is known to all，眾所周知As you know正如你所知，As is often said正如經(jīng)常所說(shuō)，As is often the case,

28、這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事【特別提示】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞永遠(yuǎn)不能用that。as和which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的比較：1. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句位于句未，而且 as和which在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換。He is a farmer,as/whichis clear from his manner.This elepha nt is like a sn akeas/which an ybody can see.2. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般放在句未，而as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首時(shí)不能用which替換。Taiwan is part of Ch

29、ina, as/whichis known to all.（能翻譯成“正如 ”可用 as引導(dǎo)）Crusoe lost his dog.which made him very sad.（不用 as,因?yàn)闆](méi)有 “正如 ”人含義）As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.不能用 Which）二、介詞提前的定語(yǔ)從句（介詞+ which/whom）1關(guān)系代詞which, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句可有：介詞+ whichwhom引出。1）Great changes are taking place in

30、the cityvhich they live in .=Great changes are taking place in the cityn which they live.2）The film which I ' m speakinf is to be shown next week.=The film of which I ' m speaking is to be shown next week.3. This is the teacherwhom I ' ve learnt a loom.=This is the teacherfrom whom I 

31、9; ve learnt a lot.4. The man whom we sent the presento is a doctor of laws.=The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.5. The situati on which we had got into was very dan gerous.=The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.6 The policemanwhom Mr. Henry is talking with

32、is a friend of mine.=The police man with whom Mr. Henry is talking is a friend of mine.用正確的引導(dǎo)詞填空：1. Carol said the work would be done by October,pers on ally I doubt very much.2. is men ti oned above, the nu mber of the stude nts in senior high school is in creas ing.3. There ' s still muchcan b

33、e improved about it.4. Mr. Johnson ' s son,lives in Chicago, is a doctor.5. We put off the party till next week,we should have someth ing importa nt to do.6. We traveled together as far as Chicago,we said goodbye to each other.7. I ' ll never forget the yearsI lived in the country with the farmershas a great effect on my life.8. I ' ll remember the timewe spent together in the country.9. I don ' t believe the reasonhe has given for his being late.10. He lived in London for 3 years, duri ngtime he lear ned some En glish.11. Will you show me the way to the only tall bui