初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)名詞

1、1.1 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法 讀音例詞一般情況 加-s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/ bag-bags /car-cars以 s, sh, ch, x 等結(jié)尾 力口 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以 ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 力口 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y為i再加es讀/z/ baby-babies1.2 其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1）以y結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：two Marys the Henrysmonke

2、y-monkeysholiday-holidays2）以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.力口 s, 如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos ;b.加 es,如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.上述 a和b兩種方法均可，如 zero-zeros / zeroes 。3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.力口 s, 如：belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs ;b.去 f,fe 加 ves ,如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-le

3、aveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves ;c.上述 a 和 b 兩種方法均可，如 handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 。1.3 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1） child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：由一個(gè)詞加man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women ,如an Englishman , two Englishmen 。但 German 不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans

4、 ;Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是 the Bowmans 。2） 單復(fù)同形，如 deer, sheep , fish , Chinese , Japanese , li, jin, yuan , two li , three mu, four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 。3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：people police cattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people , a police , a cattle ,但可以說(shuō) apers

5、on , a policeman , a head of cattle, the English , the British , the French , the Chinese , the Japanese , the Swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如 The Chinese are industries and brave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a. maths , politics , physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b. news為不可數(shù)名詞。c. the United States , the United Nat

6、ions 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是 1945 年組建起來(lái)的。d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。5） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如： glasses （眼鏡）trousers, clothes 等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù) 目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair （對(duì)，雙） ;suit （套）;a pair of glasses; two pairs o

7、f trousers等。6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如： goods貨物，waters水域， fishes （各種）魚(yú)。1.4不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù) 國(guó)籍 總稱（謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)中國(guó)人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄國(guó)人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大禾U人 the Italians an Italian two Ita

8、lians 希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法國(guó)人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美國(guó)人 the Americans an American two Americans ER度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 力口拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德國(guó)人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英國(guó)人 the Englis

9、h an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes【練習(xí)題】一、寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、orange 2、class 3、monkey 4、piano 5、child 6、shelf 7、bed 8、country 9、family10、toy 11 > foot 12> radio 13、photo 14、tomato 15、woman 16、knife 17、sheep18、ship 19、dish 20、mouse21、tooth22、leaf二、選擇填空（）1. I can see three

10、 in the zoo.A monkeys B monkeyes C monkey( )2.The pig has four. A. foot B. feet C. foots()3.My two brothers are both.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen()4.I can see ten in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C.pig( )5.The has three.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches( )6.Can you see on the

11、plate? A. bread B. breads C.breades( )7.The girl often brushes her before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth()8.Mr Black often drink some.A. milk B. milks C.milkes( )9.There are some on the floor. A. child B. water C.books()10.Lucy will show us some new of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes

12、()11. I drank two.A. bottles of water B. bottle of water C. bottles of waters()12.The cat eats two last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse()13.I need a pen and some. A. books B. desk C.chair()14、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos()15. The

13、re somein the river.A. is ,fishB. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish()16. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches()17. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth()18.Our room is near the reading room.A.teacherB.teacher'sC.teach

14、ers()19.Tom and Jim are _.A:friends B:friend C:brother D:sister ()20.How manydo they have?A:picture B: pictures C:a picture 三、用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1> There are three (chair) in the classroom.2>These (tomato) are red.3>My brother looks after two (baby)4> My father likes to eat (potato).5>C

15、hinese (people)like to eat noodles.6>I have a lot of (toy) in my bedroom.7>I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen.8>I have two (pencil-box).9>There are some (bus)in the street.10>Peter has eight (foot).11>Linda has three (tooth).12>There are some (child) in the garden.13>

16、;My uncle and father are (man).14>Tom and King are (boy).名詞的所有格，有兩種表示形式,一種是在名詞后+'s;另名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系種是用of,表示"的"。1. (1) 一般詞的所有格, 直接在詞尾+'s。eg. Mr. Mott's robot, children's clothes(2) 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾+eg. teachers' books(3) 兩人共有的物體, 則在第二個(gè)名詞后+'s; 如果分別是兩人所有, 則在每個(gè)名詞后

17、面+'s。eg. Lucy and Lily's room. ( 指兩人共住一個(gè)房間)Mrs Green's and Mrs Brown's son. ( 指兩人各自的兒子)(4) 表示某具體場(chǎng)所時(shí), 所有格后面的名詞可省略eg. the doctor's (office) Mr. White's2.(1) 沒(méi)有生命的事物一般用of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系。eg. the wall of the classroom ， a picture of the bedroom ，(2) 名詞的的定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),有生命的事物也可用of 短語(yǔ)表示。eg. a lon

18、g story of a 50-year-old man(4) 雙重所有格eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom's(5) 有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，也可以加's 來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。eg. ten minutes' walk, today's newspaper例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories解析：much是用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的,A B D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是

19、可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C.2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orange B. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞, 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes' walkB. 25 minute's

20、 walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk解析：句中的minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式，只+',而不能+s,因此選A。4. An old wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person解析 : person 與 people 都有 "人 " 的意思 , 但用法不同. "一個(gè)人"用"a person","兩個(gè)人 " 用 "two persons" people 泛指

21、"人們 "是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù), the people 指 "人民 ", a people 指"一個(gè)民族". 應(yīng)選 B。5. Help yourself to .A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples解析 : chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉 ;apple 為可數(shù)名詞, 故應(yīng) +s, 因此選 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two .

22、A. room's number B. rooms' number C. room numbers D. rooms' numbers解析 : room number 房間號(hào)碼. room 可直接用作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞. 類(lèi)似的還有myphsics teacher, two bus drivers 等 . 應(yīng)選 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second .A. family B. house C. home D. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成

23、員; house 指的是房子（住所）; room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選 C.8. mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter'sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary's and PeterD. Mary's and Peter's解析：此句中"mothers"是復(fù)數(shù)，表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親，因此應(yīng)選D。9. Li Lei has been to many times t

24、his month.A. her uncle B. her uncle's C. her uncles D. aunt's解析 : 此句意為"李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次". 表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí), 可省去所有格后面的名詞 .因此選 B 。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experienceC. an experience D. a lot experience解析 : experience 作 "經(jīng)驗(yàn) "

25、; 講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞, 作"經(jīng)歷"講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)理解為"經(jīng)驗(yàn)",因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句,不用于否定句, 因此選 B 。11. A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister's解析 : 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12. A group of are talking with two .A. Frenchmen, Germ

26、ans B. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen解析 : Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen; German 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾 +S, 應(yīng)選 A.13. The team having a meeting .A. is B. are C. am D. be解析 : team 是一個(gè)集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義（指整個(gè)小組） , 也可指小組中的成員（表示復(fù)數(shù) ）, 此題意為后者, 因此選 B。14. "Would you like ?"", pl

27、ease."A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析：drink和cofee是不可數(shù)名詞,可以用 of來(lái)表示數(shù)量,eg, three cups of coffee,當(dāng)前面加a 時(shí) ,則表示"一杯"因此選C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men.A.earth and stone,

28、millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析： earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除B D, 數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的應(yīng)為millions of .因此選 A?！揪毩?xí)與鞏固】選擇最佳答案：1. Last night, there was a food accident. The were ill, but no were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, live

29、s D. child, life2. -This is a photo of when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and father'sC. my mother's and father's D.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Thre

30、e class4. Today is September 10th. It's Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for ourteachers.A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only bicycle ride.A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour

31、 and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- , please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some are flying kites near the river.A. ch

32、ild B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, we'll haveholiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's10. They are those bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'11. - How many workers are there in your factory?- There are tw

33、o .A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough in the corner for the fridge.A. place B. room C. field D. ground14. comes from sheep and som

34、e people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you don't take more , you'll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty walk from here.A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes17. Mum, I have to tell you!A. a good news B. some

35、 good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the to the post office?A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at last Sunday.A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family20. Maths not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am D. were1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15

36、ABBCD 16-20 BBBCBI. 名詞所有格練習(xí).1. 李明的父母()work in a big hospital.2. This is 我妹妹的語(yǔ)文書(shū) ()3. 雙胞胎的臥室 () are very nice.4. 王平和王明的父親 () is a hotel manager.5. Is this 你的好朋友的鋼筆() ?6. They are (Peter 和 Sam 的老師 ).7. 教師節(jié)() is on September 10th .8. 學(xué)生們的桌椅 () are very new.9. We are very happy on 兒童節(jié)().10. He is in 老師的

37、辦公室 () now.11. Please open 教室的門(mén)_().12. 趙敏的鞋 () are white.13. 林紅和張蔚的學(xué)校 () is big and new.14. (Johrf口 Sally 的母親)are American.15. 劉偉的妻子的朋友() is from Guangzhou.16. (Tony哥的電月曲)is broken.17. It s 婦女節(jié) () on March 8 th.18. Are these 男生們的書(shū)包 () ?19. That is(Tomffi李雷白教室).20. 我父親的和她父親的朋友 () arefrom Beijing.II.

38、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習(xí).1. There are （58個(gè)學(xué)生）in our class.2. There are （65個(gè)班級(jí)）in our school.3. I have （13本書(shū)） in my schoolbag.4. Are there （73套桌椅） in this classroom.5. There re （27 個(gè) 男 生 ）and（31個(gè)女生） in my class.6. There are （15臺(tái)電腦） in that room.7. My grandma is （82歲 ）.8. There are （44位女老師） in her school.9. There

39、 are （94位男醫(yī)生） in that big hospital,10. I can see 幾只鳥(niǎo) （） in the tree.11. 多少幅畫(huà)（） are there in you bedroom ?12. I have （3本字典）.13. Can you see 一些風(fēng)箏 （） in the sky ?14. Our school has （2個(gè)圖書(shū)館） .15. There are （12個(gè)月） in a year.16. Paul s father is （57歲 ）.17. There are （13輛公共汽車(chē)） on the street.18. We can see （

40、1個(gè)婦女8） over there.19. There are （22個(gè)孩子） in the room.20. I can see 六杯茶 （） on the table.III. 用some和any填空.1. I have good friends in my class.2. Is there water in the bottle ?3. Do you have money ?4. They don t have time to go there.5. There are cakes on the table.6. I don t have milk for breakfast.7. D

41、oes he have brothers or sisters ?8. There aren t pictures on the wall.9. Can I ask questions ?10. Are there flowers in you classroom ? No, there aren t 11. We have apples, but we don t have pears.12. Is there orange juice in the fridge ? Yes, there is .13. I can speak English, but I can t speak Russian.14. Do they have color pencil ? No, they don t have .15. There isn t meat at home. I must go and buy .16. Is there tea in the cup ? No, there isn t .17. I often have noodles for lunch. My