中考英語語法講座

1、座中考英語語法講座這一講里，主要幫助同學(xué)們掌握名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞的用法，特別是針對同學(xué)不易掌握的方面。一、名詞關(guān)于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)，名詞的格。單數(shù)-可用a、an來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an，而不是a可數(shù)名詞名詞的根據(jù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s，如：dog-dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es，如：country-countries。請區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s如：monkey-monkeys。(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只

2、有potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es 構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es，如：knife-knives。2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep-sheep，fishfish, Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese3.特殊變化的單詞有：(1)tooth-teeth，foot- feet(2)man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen請區(qū)別：German(德國人)-Germans(3)childchildren4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：people(人

3、)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語時，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語，用復(fù)數(shù)。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.5.有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，實際上是單數(shù)。這一點是同學(xué)不易掌握的，應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如：news(消息)，maths(數(shù)學(xué))，physics(物理)No news is good news.6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。How many are there in your pencil-box

4、? (knife)不可數(shù)名詞：1.常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。應(yīng)特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù)。 如：Some bread over there. (be)3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。4.常用a piece of, a cup of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，b

5、read仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不加s，而piece則可加s。即：two pieces of bread請區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示，如：三箱蘋果three boxes of apples例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)2、Could I have three ,please？A. piece of bread    B. .piece of breads   C. pieces of bread    D .pieces of breads名詞的格名詞所有格的構(gòu)

6、成方法，在名詞后加“ 's”。如：Tom Tom's譯為“的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加's 。如：Children's Day關(guān)于名詞所有格，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點：1.可用名詞所有格表示地點。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去醫(yī)生家。2.表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個名詞后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的3.掌

7、握詞組：a girl of five 一個五歲的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一個朋友eg ; The white shirt is and blue one isA、Kate ,my   B .Kate's ,mine    C .Kate ,mine   D .Kate's, my二、冠詞冠詞是詞匯中的基礎(chǔ)的，也是簡單的部分，所以同學(xué)們有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也會體現(xiàn)這一點。歸納起來，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾點：1.冠詞指不定冠詞a, an和定冠詞the2.不定冠詞an常用于元音發(fā)音開頭的詞前，如：an

8、 hour, an English car.    請區(qū)別：a useful machine3.指上文提到過的人或物，用定冠詞the4.在世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth5.定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞最高級前。如：the first, the best ,in the south6.在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù)。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7.在介詞短語中

9、常用定冠詞the，如：in the box ,behind the chair8.特別注意不能用定冠詞the的幾個方面：(1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如：in summer, in August 請區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球類運動名不用冠詞。   如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定詞組中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,at night.9.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請注意區(qū)別： in front of

10、 在前面        in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里     in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部       in hospital (生病)住院 There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital. A. an, an       B .a, a       

11、 C .an, the       D. a, the三、數(shù)詞同學(xué)們首先應(yīng)會讀會寫所有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，以及與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點表達(dá)法。對數(shù)詞的考查，中考常采用單選題及聽力題，這些題型歸納起來，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點特別容易出錯的地方。1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞。其規(guī)律為：1,2,3特殊記，加th 從4起 (first, second, third, fourth)8少t，9去e，千萬別忘記 (eighth ,ninth)逢5逢12，ve變f (fifth ,twelfth)20到90，y要變ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)若是幾十幾，前

12、基后序別倒位 (ninety-first)2.hundred,thousand,million 在構(gòu)成具體的數(shù)字時用單數(shù)形式。   如：five hundred people.只有在表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的多數(shù)時才加s，構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式。hundreds of 數(shù)以百計的，成百上千的thousands of 數(shù)以千計的，成千上萬的millions of 數(shù)百萬的這些詞組前不能用具體數(shù)字。3.序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the 連用。eg: Henry has learned eight French words this year.A. hundred     

13、B. hundreds    C .hundred of     D .hundreds ofThe lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)另外，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)掌握與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點表達(dá)法。順讀法(鐘點分鐘)  如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen倒讀法(分鐘topast鐘點) 如：4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past foura quarter pa

14、st four4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five練習(xí)題1.At the beginning of the_(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.2.Are these_(watch)yours? Yes.3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the_(doctor) at once.4.Would you give me _, please?A. two papers  

15、60; B .two piece of paper    C. two pieces of paper    D .two pieces of papers5.There are three _and seven _in the picture.A. monkeys , sheeps    B. monkeys, sheep   C. monkies, sheep   D. monkies, sheeps6.A lot of_ are talking with two_.A.

16、 Germans, Frenchmans   B. Germen, Frenchmans    C. German, Frenchmen   D. Germans, Frenchmen7.June 1 is _.A. the Children's Day   B. the C hildrens' Day   C .Children's Day   D. Childrens' Day思考題1._people went out to see what had

17、 happened.A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands2.We have been in the school for_.A. three and a half month          B .three and a half monthsC. three month and a half          D .th

18、ree months and half3._English is_ useful language.A.A, an       B./, a        C. The, an       D. A, /四、代詞(一)人稱代詞主格Iyouheshe it we youthey賓格me youhimherit us youthem物主代詞形容詞性my yourhis her its our your their名詞性m

19、ineyourshis hersits oursyours theirs反身代詞myselfyourself himself herselfitself ourselves yourselves themselves1.形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語，相當(dāng)于一個名詞。2.注意名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：These books aren't ours.     Ours are new. (這里ours=our books)    

20、 This is not our room.     Ours is over there. (這里ours=our room)3."of+名詞性物主代詞"表示所屬如：a sister of his 他的一個妹妹    a friend of mine 我的一個朋友4.人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為：“第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.5.關(guān)于反身代詞，同學(xué)們須掌握其固定結(jié)構(gòu)：enjoy oneself=have a good time

21、 (過得很愉快) by oneself=alone (單獨、獨自)help oneself to (隨便吃/喝 些.)learn sth. by oneself  =teach oneself sth. (自學(xué))練習(xí)題1.-Whose trousers are these?      -_, I think.A. They  B. Their   C. Theirs   D. Them2. Nobody taught_ English.   He taught_.A. him, him

22、self   B. his, himself    C .him, by himself   D. his, his（二）修飾可數(shù)詞manyfew 表否定意義a few 表肯定意義修飾不數(shù)名詞muchlittle 表否定意義a little 表肯定意義few 和 little 與 quite 或 only 連用時，常加不定冠詞 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.用little, a little, few, a few填空:1.I often stay at home

23、 because I have _ friends here.2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is _ water in the glass.3.Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well.4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代詞: something, anything, nothing.當(dāng)形容詞修飾這三個不定代詞時，常后置。 如：something newThere's

24、 _ in today's newspaper. 中考題A. important anything     B. important somethingC. anything important     D. something important(四)另外，代詞some, every, all, both, either, another1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中    注：some有時也可用于表示請求的疑問句中。any（任何） 多用于疑問句和否定句 Will

25、 you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples?2.every單數(shù)名詞 “每一個” 強調(diào)共性，作定語,形式上為單數(shù)。 each “每一個” 強調(diào)個性，作定語、主語、賓語和同位語，常與of連用。如：Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games.3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作

26、同位語時，一般放在連系、助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。  none “沒有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）4.both “（兩者）都” 作主語時，看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。either “兩者中任何一個” , 作主語時，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時，后跟名詞單數(shù)。neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，用法同either。如：They both swim well. 

27、; Both of them swim well.There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of us is going to Beijing next week Neither answer is right.5. another +單數(shù)名詞, “另一個”   one the other “一個，另一個”the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞= the others “其他的人或物” （指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部）others

28、“別人”(五)疑問代詞 5個“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which這里，which是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容，其實，同學(xué)們只須記住，對作定語的內(nèi)容提問，常用which.I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考題)_ _ are you going to take?五、形容詞 副詞大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都有三個等級：原級：比較級： 比較.，更.一些最高級： 最.（A）1.構(gòu)成：(規(guī)則情況)情    況變 化 方 法例      

29、     詞單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞:一般情況加er, estclever-cleverer-cleverest以字母e結(jié)尾加r, stnice-nicer-nicest重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫加er, est big-bigger-biggest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 變y為i加er, estearly-earlier-earliest部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more, mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly2.不規(guī)則變化，須熟記：good/well-better-best    

30、   many/much-more-most    far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst     little-less-least(B)常見的使用情況1.as as 和.一樣（中間用原級）2.not as(so) as 和.不一樣（中間用原級）3 than . .比.（用比較級）4.有范圍修飾的用最高級        如:in, of, among或用從句修飾的eg. Winter is t

31、he coldest season of the year.This is the best film that I have ever seen .5.比較級+and+比較級 意為“越來越.”eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful6. The+比較級，the+比較級 越.就越.eg:The more, the better. 越多越好(C)注意點：1.形容詞最高級前一定要用the,副詞最高級前可省略。2.可用much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級。3.在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，在than后常用one, that,

32、those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：1.He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is the tallest (student)in his class.2.This film is less interesting than that one.=This film isn't as interesting as that one.=That film is more interestin

33、g than this one.3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.96中考題：Which do you like _, fish, meat _ eggs?A .best, or B .better, or C .best, and D. better, and此外，關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的內(nèi)容同學(xué)們還須掌握：1.形容詞修飾名詞作定語，跟在連系動詞之后作表語。2.副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞enough屬例外詞：形/副+enough to do enough+名詞 eg; she is old enough

34、to go to school. 她夠上學(xué)的年齡了。3.區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞:也too用于肯定、疑問句also 較為正式書面語either 用于否定句已經(jīng)already 常用于肯定句、疑問句yet 常用于否定句、疑問句不再no (not any) longer 從時間上講no (not any) more 從動作上講如此這樣such 修飾名詞 eg: such a big boxso 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big單獨、獨自alone 作表語 =by oneself孤獨的lonely 可作表語、定語eg: A group of girls are singing and dancing

35、 _ over there. (happy)練習(xí)題1.The students are having a good time in the park.   Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.A. Others  B. Other  C. Another  D. The other2.There isn't _ in today's newspaper.A. important something   B. important anythingC.

36、 anything important   D. nothing important3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?  -No ,Mum. It's not _. It's _.A. hers, my  B. her, my  C. Mine, hers  D. hers, mine思考題1.The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world.A. long  B. longe

37、r  C. longest  D. the longest2. An elephant is _ than a horse.A. more strong  B. much stronger  C. the most strong  D. much more strong3. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water?A. good  B .Well  C. Better  D. Best六、介詞1與形容詞搭配的詞組有：be afraid of （怕）be angry wit

38、h （生某人的氣）be away from （不在某地）be different from （與不同）be good at （善于）be good/ bad for (對有益/有害)be interested in （對感興趣）be late for （遲到）be/get ready for （為作好準(zhǔn)備）be sure of (對有把握)be worried about （為感到擔(dān)憂）2介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動詞-ing形式1)You must take good care of her.2)Thank you for teaching us so well.3幾組易混淆的介詞A“在.之后

39、”in + 一段時間（用于一般將來時）after + 一段時間（用于一般過去時）after + 一點時間（常用于一般將來時）如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour.They will visit their teacher after Friday.Bfor +一段時間since +過去的一點時間這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時，具體在時態(tài)部分，我會繼續(xù)向同學(xué)們講解。Cbe made of "用制成"be made in “由某地制造”be made

40、by somebody “由某人制成”Din, on, at表時間in “在某月(季節(jié)、年)等”eg: in 1996, in January, in summer固定詞組：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the endon "用于指具體的某一天或?qū)Ｖ改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上?quot;eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at “用于具體時刻前和某些固定詞組中”固定詞組：at seven, at the moment, at night, at las

41、t, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time注意：在表時間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞 。   如:不能說 in tomo

42、rrow ,只能說 tomorrow 在明天E.except +賓格/doing something "除之外” （不包括本身）Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.F“用” 通過交通工具 by plane用語言 in English通過媒介 on /over the telephone,  on /over the radio,  on TV用工具手段 with a pen, with one's handsGb

43、etween “在和（兩者）之間”between.and.,between the two.among 在.之間(三者或三者以上)eg. Sue spent over two hours _ her homework yesterday evening.A. on   B. with    C. at   D. over七、連詞1并列連詞bothand 既又謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞neithernor 既不也不含否定意義，（就近原則）謂語動詞由靠近它的那個主語來決定單復(fù)數(shù)。eitheror   “或者 或者”“不是就是”and“和”&

44、#160; 連接兩個并列成分,連接謂語時,兩個動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)一致。but “但是” 表轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與 though 同時出現(xiàn)在句中。or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列舉常用 or，而不用 and。eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.2引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞陳述句：that 可省略一般疑問句：if /whether “是否”特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞3引導(dǎo)原因狀從的有：because (不能與so同時出現(xiàn)在句中)4引導(dǎo)時間狀語從

45、句的連詞：A.when（當(dāng)時候），as soon as（一就），notuntil（直到才），after（在之后），引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句為一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替一般將來時。eg: I won't leave until he comes back.B.since（自從以來）引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.C.while（當(dāng)時候，一邊一邊）它引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。eg: My father came in while

46、I was doing my homework.5引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞：if   “如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀從，主句用一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時。請區(qū)別于if“是否”相當(dāng)于 whether，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，時態(tài)根據(jù)語境確定eg:1)I don't know if it (rain) tomorrow.2)If it _ (rain) tomorrow, I _ (not climb) the hills.3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other _they left school five years ago.  A. a

47、s   B. before   C .after   D. since八、動詞可以分為四類：實義動詞（或稱行為動詞）連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞以及助動詞。一、實義動詞 （行為動詞）1.不及物動詞:不能直接跟賓語,常須加了介詞后方能加賓語如:look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about等2.及物動詞:后面必須跟賓語,意義才完整在及物動詞+

48、副詞 構(gòu)成動副搭配時,代詞放中間這一點同學(xué)們常易忘記,故應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如:turn on() turn on the radio() turn the radio on()turn on it(×) turn it on()常見的動副搭配的詞組有：put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等3.注意行為動詞的幾種變化形式原形       enjoy第三人稱單數(shù)enjoys過去式enjoyed過去分詞enjoyed現(xiàn)在分詞enj

49、oying象過去式，過去分詞，同學(xué)們須熟記初中所學(xué)的不規(guī)則動詞變化表。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化方法，一般是直接在動詞后加ing，有幾個特殊的可加以記憶：lie-lying, die-dying要雙寫的單詞有：一個m(swim-swimming)一個g(dig-digging)三個n(run-running, win-winning, begin-beginning)三個p(stop-stopping, shop-shopping ,drop-dropping)還有六個t(sit-sitting, hit-hitting，get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, for

50、get-forgetting)同學(xué)們特別應(yīng)注意forget, begin這種雙音節(jié)單詞。另外，eat, wait這兩個詞不是重讀閉音節(jié)，故不能雙寫加ing，這也是同學(xué)們易犯的錯誤。4.請區(qū)別幾組易混淆的同義動詞第一組look-see-watch-readlook看 look at the birdsee看見 see a filmwatch觀看、注視 watch TV， watch a football matchread讀 ，閱讀 read a book， read newspapers第二組say-speak-talk-tellsay 說（不及物動詞）say to sb. , (后跟引語)&

51、#160;  say it again (后常跟it)speak講，發(fā)言（不及物動詞）speak at the meeting  learn to speak   speak Englishtalk 談話（不及物動詞）talk about sth.(談?wù)撃呈?  talk with sb.(和某人交談)tell 告訴，講（及物動詞） tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人) tell the time “報時”/ tell a story

52、“講故事”用say, speak, talk,tell的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Can you Japanese?2.The teacher us not to play in the street.3.Would you please it in English?4.What are you about?第三組 borrow-lendborrow借進(jìn)（短暫動詞）borrow sth. (借某物) borrow sth. from sb. (向某人借某物）如May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken.lend借出（短暫動詞）lend sb. sth.  =

53、 lend sth. to sb.(把某物借給某人)如:You mustn't lend it to others.keep借（一段時間），常與一段時間的時間狀語連用，為延續(xù)性動詞。如: How long may I keep it?第四組 bring-takebring帶來（表示從遠(yuǎn)處拿到說話的地點來），常與here, me 搭配如：Please bring my hat to me tomorrow.take帶走（表示從說話地點拿到遠(yuǎn)處去），常與there, away搭配如：Take your raincoat with you. It's going to rain.第五

54、組listen-hearlisten聽 不及物，常與介詞to連用如:I listened carefully, but heard nothing.Hear聽到 及物 后直接跟賓語hear from sb收到某人的來信如:Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.hear of聽說如:Have you heard of the news?第六組look for-find-find outlook for尋找 （強調(diào)動作）find找到 發(fā)現(xiàn)（強調(diào)結(jié)果）如:We looked for him everywhere but

55、 didn't find him.find out查明 （通過調(diào)查研究找到事實的真相）如:Can you find out who broke the window?第七組put on-wear-dressput on穿上 （強調(diào)動作）如:It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.wear穿著（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.dress打扮，給.穿衣服dress sb. / oneself 給某人（或自己）穿衣服get dressed 穿好衣服dress up 打扮 穿上盛裝”如

56、:She often dresses up in a red skirt.第八組forget-leaveforget忘了某物如:I forgot to tell you about it.leave把某物忘在某地如:Kate left her key to her room at home.5 有些及物動詞后可以跟雙賓語即直接賓語（表物）和間接賓語（表人），間接賓語通常位于直接賓語之前，若顛倒兩者的位置，則通常在間接賓語前加一個介詞（to或for）。1）2)draw sth. for sb.pass sth. to sb.make sth. for sb.give sth. to sb.men

57、d sth. for sb.lend sth. to sb.buy sth. for sb.show sth. to sb.get sth. for sb.bring sth. to sb.cook sth. for sb.take sth. to sb.keep sth. for sb.write sth. to sb.return sth. for sb.send sth. to sb.Eg:  How much did you _ all these things?A. spend   B .give    C. cost &#

58、160; D. pay for二.連系動詞eg: His grandpa has been _ for over ten years.(die)常見的連系動詞有：be + adj. / n. 是，在become + n. /adj.變成turn + adj.變得get + adj.變得grow + adj.長得keep + adj.保持著feel + adj.感到look + adj.看上去seem + adj./n.看起來好象smell + adj.聞起來fall asleep入睡三.情態(tài)動詞1.can:能，會 表示能力，相當(dāng)于be able to?？梢裕硎驹S可，相當(dāng)于may。cant b

59、e 不可能2.may:可以，可能，或許may be 可能 請區(qū)別maybe副詞 可能3.must:必須，表示肯定的猜測must be 準(zhǔn)是，一定是4.could: 比can語氣更委婉，客氣，并不表示過去時。5.注意回答形式：May I.?   Yes, you may. No, you can't (mustn't).Must I .?   Yes, you must. No,you needn't.6.must 表示說話人的主觀看法，have to 表示外界客觀愿望,不得不。如:Her mother is ill. She ha

60、s to stay at home and take care of her.You must look after your clothes.7.should 表示"應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該"，與疑問詞連用表意外，驚奇。What should I do? 我該怎么辦呢？8.will, would 在交際用語中，would更客氣，表邀請。Will you.? .好嗎？      Would you.?四、助動詞助動詞有do, does, did, have, has, will, would等五、動詞不定式形式：to +動詞原形特點： 1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化。         2.在句中不能作謂語。       3.可以有自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語。1. 使役動詞: let, make感觀動