八年級下期中(Unit 1-5)考試要點(diǎn)串講 學(xué)情研究與對策

1、八年級下期中(Unit 1-5)考試要點(diǎn)串講 學(xué)情研究與對策要點(diǎn)歸納（6點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)歸納1某人擁有VS某地存在（有）某物：People will have robots in the near future.People是主語，位于動詞之前There will be robots working in factories.Robots是主語，位于動詞之后若寫成Robots will be working in factories.在意義不表示“將會有”的意思。翻譯下列句子：There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.Ther

2、e will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.There will be more free time.區(qū)別下列句子：A -I will be an engineer in ten years. Be here means becomeB-There will be an engineer in my family in ten years. Be here means existC-These（robots）will be in every home. Be here means “come true”某地存在（有）某

3、物句型的疑問、否定、肯定回答和否定回答。There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.改寫為疑問句_ _ be more birds singing in the trees in ten years?作肯定回答 Yes,_ _.否定回答 No,_ _.There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.改為疑問句_ _ be less pollution in the river after fewer factories?There will

4、be more free time.改為否定句 There _ be more free time要點(diǎn)歸納2 情態(tài)動詞 can, may, might, could,would and should等。Might ,could ,would, should 四個情態(tài)動詞既是may,can,will,shall的過去時，又不表示過去時，而是情態(tài)動詞，要同實(shí)意動詞連用，常用的還有must ,neednt,cant. might 表示 小于50%的可能性，could 表示一種客氣的請求， would 表示有禮貌的邀請，should 表示應(yīng)當(dāng)，該。 典型考題區(qū)別：He can speak severa

5、l languages.He is able to swim across the river,thogh it is flooded.-Could you tell me where Center Street _(is was)?-Sorry, I _(couldnt cant).I would like you to come to my house.(Should Would) you mind my invitation? 邀請的，委婉的說法常用的還有Why not _( come to come) to my house?Should 常用于提出建議You _(should wou

6、ld) say youre sorry.Maybe you _(could should) give him a ticket to a ball game. could 用于勸說更委婉（潛在的意思是“這不就和解了。”） （refer to page11 課文句子改寫）You_(should would）be ashamed of yourself. 語氣堅決，應(yīng)該You _(wouldnt shouldnt) tell lies.含有責(zé)備，不應(yīng)當(dāng)It _(should might) be easy.表示期待某事發(fā)生或?qū)δ呈逻M(jìn)行推斷Might only means not sure要點(diǎn)歸納3當(dāng)

7、心句末的時間詞,用時髦的話說是標(biāo)志詞前面有Look, -. Listen,-. 我們知道后面的句子要用“現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行時”Look,mom is driving her new car.Listen, something strange is happening outside.當(dāng)心后面的時間詞 at that time,at 8 oclock yesterday when引導(dǎo)過去時間的動作，（有時也可以引導(dǎo)過去進(jìn)行時。） while可以引導(dǎo)過去正在進(jìn)行時，如：page19 2b改寫句子1 The boy was walking down the street when suddenly a U

8、FO landed. When 引導(dǎo)的動作突然插入到前面正在進(jìn)行的動作之中，3 While the alien was buying a souvenir,the girl called the police. 外星人正在買紀(jì)念品，乘此時間，另一個動作發(fā)生了。P20 4A: What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?B: I was sleeping at that time.4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. While the girl was shopping

9、, the alien got out. when 與while區(qū)分：（1）"當(dāng).的時候"，如后面連接的動詞為進(jìn)行時態(tài)，則用while多于用when。而when通常與瞬間性動詞或延續(xù)性不強(qiáng)的動詞連用。（2）如果while前后的動詞都是進(jìn)行時態(tài)，while可譯為"與此同時"I was reading while my brother was drawing. （含有對比而非轉(zhuǎn)折）（3）當(dāng)while前后的句子描述的情況相對或相反，while可譯為"而"，while更強(qiáng)調(diào)并列的對比而非轉(zhuǎn)折。e.g. I am out-going while

10、 my sister is quiet and shy. 總之，when表示做某種動作的時間或瞬間，由其引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的時態(tài)如果是一般過去時，其主句通常要用過去進(jìn)行時。while表示略長的一段時間，由其引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用過去進(jìn)行時，而主句時態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。過去進(jìn)行時的用法過去進(jìn)行時由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。其用法有：1. 表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：I was doing my homework at eight oclock last night. 昨晚八點(diǎn)我正在做作業(yè)。2. 表示過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：They w

11、ere building a house last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一座房子。3. 表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。常與always等詞連用。如：Little Tom was always asking many questions. 小湯姆總是會問許多的問題。4. 動詞come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他們想知道我們什么時候去上海。過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時的用法比較：一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某

12、個時候或某段時間曾有過的某個已結(jié)束的動作；過去進(jìn)行時則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個時候或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：Lily wrote a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚給她阿姨寫了封信。(信已寫完了。)Lily was writing a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚一直在給她阿姨寫信。(強(qiáng)調(diào)寫的動作一直在進(jìn)行，信不一定寫完。)課文的例句很多，可以仿造練習(xí)。要點(diǎn)歸納4本單元重點(diǎn)解決陳述句的間接引語。（預(yù)備知識: 1 陳述句 2 疑問句 3 祈使句。對于初上講臺的教師，要懂得鋪墊這些知識的重要性。）把直接引語變成間接引語，中英

13、文存在很大的差異，夸張地說是“牽一發(fā)而動全身”。直接引語和間接引語 直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時等。1.陳述句的間接引語陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，通常由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略。參見課文

14、例句page 27“I am not mad at Marcia anymore.” Lana told us. “我不再對Marcia生氣了?！?Lana說。 Lana told us that she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. Lana說她不再對Marcia生氣了。 Marcia said to everyone, “I am not going to have the surprise party.” Marcia對每一個人說：“我不打算開一個驚喜晚會?！?Marcia told everyone that she wasnt going to have

15、the surprise party. Marcia對每一個人說她不打算開一個驚喜晚會。要點(diǎn)歸納5If 的用法例句：What will happen if they have the party tomorrow?如果他們明天開晚會，將會發(fā)生什么？If you become a professional athlete,youll be able to-如果你成了專業(yè)運(yùn)動員，你就將能夠-當(dāng)if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，表示“如果”時，必需要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)替代將來時，類似還有連詞as long as unless before while when if once the moment as soon

16、asI dont know if it will rain tomorrow, if it rains tomorrow,I wont go camping with you.前面的if表示是否，用將來時態(tài)，后面的 if 才表示條件。翻譯下列句子： 1 如果你不馬上走的話，你就會遲到。.2 你看醫(yī)生之前，什么東西都不可以吃。3 你們不來，我們不會出發(fā)。4 在湯姆回來前，我不會告訴你的。5 沒洗手前，別吃東西。Keys1 If you dont go soon, youll be late.2 If you are ill, youll have to see the doctor.You mu

17、stnt eat anything until you see the doctor= You mustnt eat anything before you see the doctor.3 We wont start until you come.4 I wont tell you until Tom comes back.5 Dont eat until you wash your hands要點(diǎn)歸納6在差異中學(xué)習(xí)(找一找規(guī)律)嘗試一下倒過來翻譯(keys included)：Unit1 live on a space station_ live in an apartment with

18、my best friends _ people in the future _ do the same things as us _be fun to watch_ There will be more robots everywhere._ Look for people under buildings_Unit2 Stay at home every night _ talk about it on the phone _ write a letter to him_ Borrow some money from sb. _Has the same haircut as I do _ a

19、dvice for sb. _plan sth. For sb. _ What to do _ everyone else _be popular at school _ Lots of things you could do _Unit3at ten oclock in the morning _ a cat in a tree _buy sth at the train station_running with another dog_ events in history_ Unit4 What was happening outside _ got really mad at _ get

20、 over it _ students in a poor mountain village _teach in rural areas _ 2,000 meters above sea level _life in the mountain_ no difference between you and them _ a good start in life _ doctors without borders _ sick people in poor countries _Unit5The rules for school parties _ old peoples home visit _

21、-childrens hospital visit _另外A friend of my fathers _ a map of the world _Nothing in the world_ what on earth_first of all_學(xué)情研究與對策第一點(diǎn)我有67名學(xué)生，根據(jù)學(xué)生成績分成A，B，C和D四組。在15個班中他們屬于中等。上課時顧此失彼。我覺得要點(diǎn)歸納6，在差異中學(xué)習(xí)很重要，學(xué)生對“正偏結(jié)構(gòu)、偏正結(jié)構(gòu)”不能理解。學(xué)生對“八仙過海”中的張果老倒騎毛驢印象卻很深刻，聯(lián)系到語言中也有倒過來翻譯的現(xiàn)象，可他們卻熟視無睹。因此打好、夯實(shí)這些基礎(chǔ)，對以后學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句中的定語從句、同位

22、語從句以及倒裝句等等，很有好處。干巴巴地講“時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語”“介詞詞組”放在句子的后面，是學(xué)不好英語的。（當(dāng)然悟性好的除外。）嘗試一下倒過來翻譯：Unit1 live on a space station 在太空站生活 live in an apartment with my best friends 同我最好的朋友們住在公寓里 people in the future 未來的人們 do the same things as us 同我們做相同的事情 be fun to watch 觀看起來趣味盎然There will be more robots everywhere.到處將會有更多的機(jī)

23、器人Look for people under buildings尋找建筑物下的人們Unit2Stay at home every night 每晚逗留在家talk about it on the phone 在電話上談?wù)撍黽rite a letter to him 給他寫一封信 borrow some money from sb. 從某人那兒借一點(diǎn)錢Has the same haircut as I do同我的發(fā)型一樣 advice for sb. 給某人的忠告plan sth.for sb.為某人計劃某事 what to do 去做什么everyone else 別的每一個人be popu

24、lar at school 在學(xué)校很受人歡迎 Lots of things you could do 你可以做的許許多多的事情Unit3At ten oclock in the morning 在早晨10點(diǎn)鐘 a cat in a tree 在樹上的一只貓buy sth at the train station在火車站賣東西running with another dog同另外一只狗奔跑 events in history歷史上的大事件Unit4What was happening outside 外面正在發(fā)生著什么 got really mad at 對-真正發(fā)狂 get over it （

25、自己）把作業(yè)做掉 students in a poor mountain village 在貧困山區(qū)村莊的學(xué)生們teach in rural areas在郊區(qū)教書 2,000 meters above sea level 海拔高于2，000米life in the mountain山區(qū)的生活 no difference between you and them他們和你之間沒有區(qū)別 a good start in life 生活中的良好開端doctors without borders 無國界的醫(yī)生 sick people in poor countries 窮國的病人Unit5The rules for school parties 學(xué)校晚會的規(guī)定 old peoples home visit 參觀敬老院 childrens hospital visit 參觀兒童醫(yī)院travel around the world 環(huán)球旅行 crazy enough 足夠的瘋狂 everybody else 別的每一個人a friend of my fathers 我父親的一位朋友 a map of the world 世界地圖nothing in the world 根本沒有什么東西 what on earth 究竟是什么first of all