Book1_U1_重點(diǎn)詞匯講解

1、 Book oneU1 重點(diǎn)詞匯講解 西亭高級(jí)中學(xué) 徐訓(xùn)康1. experience n. (1) C 經(jīng)歷something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think:1) This was my first experience of living abroad.這是我第一次在國(guó)外生活的經(jīng)歷。2) Failing an exam was a new experience for me.考試失敗對(duì)我來說是全新的體驗(yàn)。3) Getti

2、ng caught in the flood was quite an experience for me. 被洪水困住對(duì)我來說是一次特別的經(jīng)歷。 (2) U 經(jīng)驗(yàn) knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this:1) Experience is the best teacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。2) I have some first-hand experience in skiing. 我有滑雪的第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)。3) Nowadays people pref

3、er to hire someone with work experience. 當(dāng)今人們喜好雇用一些有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。v. (1) 經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)，遭受to have a particular situation affect you or happen to youEveryone experiences these problems at some time in their lives每個(gè)人在人生中的某些時(shí)刻都經(jīng)歷過這些問題。(2) 感受，體會(huì)，體驗(yàn) to experience pain/pleasure/unhappiness 感受痛苦/愉快/不幸experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

4、an experienced teacheran experienced reporterbe experienced at/in +名詞/doing something 1) Jenny is experienced at teaching beginners. 珍妮在教初學(xué)者方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 2) Tom is experienced in dealing with difficult customers. 湯姆在與難對(duì)付的客戶打交道方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2. earn v. (1) 掙錢 to receive money by working 1) She doesnt earn much money

5、, but she enjoys the work. 她賺不到很多錢，但是她喜歡這個(gè)工作。 earn a living = make a living, earn ones living = make ones living 2) He earns his living as a teacher. 他靠當(dāng)教師謀生。 (2) 贏得 to get something as a result of ones efforts 1) He earned respect from his students. 他贏得了學(xué)生的尊敬。 2) She earned a reputation as the best

6、 teacher of the school. 她贏得了最優(yōu)秀教師的榮譽(yù)。 3) His achievement earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就為他贏得了尊敬和欽佩。3. devote vt.(1) 致力于，獻(xiàn)身to give most of your time, energy, attention, etc. to sb./sth. She devoted herself to her career.她全力傾注于自己的事業(yè)。 (2) 把用于 to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sth. I

7、 could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.我一天只能在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上花兩小時(shí)。devoted adj. 摯愛的，忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的They are devoted to their children.他們深愛著自己的孩子。a devoted son /friend / fan 孝子； 忠誠(chéng)的朋友； 狂熱的崇拜者devotion n. 4. average adj.(1) 平均的 the average rainfall平均降雨量 1) Tom is of average height. 湯姆是平均身高。 2) The ave

8、rage age of the students in this school here is 16. 該校學(xué)生的平均年齡是16歲。 (2) 一般的，普通的(neither very good nor very bad) 1) She looks like an average teacher. 她看起來是一名普通的老師。 2) An average American eats more than 10 pounds of chocolate a year. 美國(guó)人平均每年吃掉10磅多的巧克力。 n. 平均，平均數(shù)” 1) The average of five and three is fo

9、ur. 5和3的平均數(shù)是4 2) Do you know how to work out an average? 你知道怎樣算平均數(shù)嗎？ 3) This years rainfall comes close to the average. 今年的降雨量接近平均水平。average的詞組：* on (the) average 平均而言O(shè)n (the) average, I receive 15 e-mails every day.* above (the) average / below (the) average高于/低于平均水平1) Her grades are above the aver

10、age. 她的成績(jī)高于平均分。2) The cost of living in this city is below the average. 這個(gè)城市的生活費(fèi)用低于平均水平。5. struggle n. (1) 只用單數(shù)難事 ( to do sth.) It was a real struggle to be ready on time.要按時(shí)做好準(zhǔn)備確非易事。(2) 斗爭(zhēng)；努力 struggle with sb. against/for sth. 和某人為反對(duì)/爭(zhēng)取-而斗爭(zhēng) vi. 奮斗；努力；掙扎 struggle for freedom 為爭(zhēng)取自由而努力 struggle to do

11、sth. struggle against/with sb./sth. 斗爭(zhēng)，抗?fàn)?He struggled agaisnt cancer for two years. 他同癌癥抗?fàn)幜藘赡辍?look back on 回首（往事），回憶，回顧 look back on ones childhood 回顧自己的童年7exchange n. (1) 交換，互換（giving and receiving） the exchange of prisoners 交換俘虜(2) 交流 promote an open exchange of ideas and information促進(jìn)思想和信息的公開交流

12、(3) 交談，爭(zhēng)論 There was only time for a brief exchange.只有簡(jiǎn)短的交談時(shí)間。(4)（金錢）兌換，匯兌 exchange rate/ rate of exchange 兌換價(jià)(5)（不同國(guó)家人或團(tuán)體之間的）交流，互訪 trade and cultural exchanges with China 與中國(guó)的貿(mào)易和文化交流v. (1) 交換 exchange sth. with sb. *exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想，互通信息 I shook hands and exchanged a few words wi

13、th the mangers. 我與經(jīng)理握手，相互交談了幾句。 (2)（金錢）兌換, (商品)更換 exchange A for B 1) You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅館里把你的錢兌換成美元。 2) If it doesnt fit, take it back and the store will exchange it. 不合適就拿回來，商店將給你調(diào)換。 changeable adj. 可交換的，可交易的，可兌換的，可更換的8. graduate n. (1)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，學(xué)士學(xué)位獲得者 a grad

14、uate in history 歷史學(xué)學(xué)士(2) 畢業(yè)生 a high-school graduate 高中畢業(yè)生v. (1) 大學(xué)畢業(yè)，獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位graduate in sth./from sth. She graduated from York with a degree in Psychology.她畢業(yè)于約克大學(xué)，獲心理學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。(2) 畢業(yè) graduate from high school 高中畢業(yè)graduate school 研究生院graduation n. 1) U 畢業(yè) after graduation 畢業(yè)后 2）C, U 畢業(yè)典禮 graduation day 畢

15、業(yè)典禮日9. donate v. (1) 捐獻(xiàn)，捐款 donate something to sb./sth.She donated one million yuan to the Hope Project.她向希望工程捐款一百萬(wàn)。 (2) donate blood 獻(xiàn)血* donation n. (1)C捐獻(xiàn)(尤指錢)，捐贈(zèng)物 make a donation (to) 捐款 (2) U捐贈(zèng)行為10. inform v. 通知(1) inform sb. about/of sth.(正式)告知某人某事Please inform us of any change of address as so

16、on as possible.如有地址變更，請(qǐng)盡快告知。(2) inform sb. + that-從句告知某人We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我們很遺憾地通知你，你的申請(qǐng)未被接受。11. approve(1) vt. 批準(zhǔn)，通過”(to officially accept a plan, proposal, etc.)The President approved the building plan.(2) vi .贊成，認(rèn)可，同意”(to think that something /somebod

17、y is good, right, or suitable) * approve of1) Her parents dont approve of their marriage.她的父母不同意他們結(jié)婚。2) I dont approve of your choice. 我不贊成你的選擇。(3) approve approval 名詞 approve disapprove反義詞12. charge n. (1) 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 sb. be in charge of 某人負(fù)責(zé)； put sb. in charge of 讓某人負(fù)責(zé)take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)in/under the charg

18、e of sb. 由某人負(fù)責(zé)The company is now in the charge of Mr. White.=Mr. White is now in charge of the company. 公司現(xiàn)在由懷特先生負(fù)責(zé)。 (2) 費(fèi)用 free of charge 免費(fèi)；no extra charge for delivery 不另收運(yùn)費(fèi) (3) 指控，控告 bring the charges against sb. 對(duì)某人起訴 (4)電荷，電量 on charge 在充電 v. (1) 使承擔(dān)責(zé)任(2) 收費(fèi) charge sb. $50 for a meal(3) 指控，控告

19、He was charged with murder. 他被控犯有謀殺罪。三、詞匯拓展訓(xùn)練（一）單項(xiàng)填空：1. - Are you free tomorrow afternoon? - Im afraid not. Ill have to _ an important lecture given by a famous professor. A. joinB. take part inC. attendD. enter 2. The Chief Manager made a donation of one million _ the City Museum. A. to B. atC. onD

20、. for3. They failed to finish the project in time. I regretted _ them. A. to be not able to help B. being not able to help C. not being able to help D. not be able to help4. Still, some women do not have any full-time jobs because their husbands do not _. A. agreeB. approveC. allowD. admit5. History

21、 is my favorite subject. So I think Ill _ physics and chemistry when I reach Senior II.A. stopB. dropC. desertD. leave6. Through hard work you will _ the respect of your fellow workers. Which of the following is not appropriate?A. gainB. earnC. winD. accept7. Well be having a picnic this afternoon b

22、y the lake. Why dont you come and _ us? A. take part in B. attendC. joinD. enter8. It is _ deep regret that we have to report the death of the pupils. A. to B. ofC. withD. in9. We will inform you _ writing _ the changes as soon as possible. A. for inB. at onC. in ofD. on about10. He is a great succe

23、ss as a scientist, but he hasnt _in teaching. A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot of experiences（二）單詞拼寫：1. The job wasnt _ enough for me. I want something more creative. (富有挑戰(zhàn)性的)2. She is studying American _ at Georgetown University at present. (文學(xué))3. The students are worki

24、ng hard every day, in _ for the big examination. (準(zhǔn)備)4. Older people often complain that the younger _ dont know what hard work is. (一代人)5. It takes an _ of two weeks to finish a task like this. (平均)6. The village schools are in great need of _ teachers. (有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)7. Have a rest before you _ with your r

25、eading. (繼續(xù))8. The Internet is _ at a very fast speed. (發(fā)展)9. People in this neighborhood can use the gym at no _ cost. (額外的)10. The Ming _ ruled China from 1368 to 1644. (朝代)（三）詞組填空:Aintroduce to for free donate to prepare for on average inform of1. According to this research, _ women live between

26、five to seven years longer than men. 2. Before I open the letter, lets _ ourselves _ the news, whether it is good or bad.3. I think doctors should _ the patients _ the side effects of the medicine they take. 4. Peter, I want to _ you _ my family. 5. He has offered to do the job _. 6. Do you think yo

27、u are willing to _ some of your time _ the volunteer work?Bpay attention to approve of above averagemiss the chance earn respect 1. Her performance last night was well _, which surprised everyone.2. I do not _ your choice of friends.3. If you dont _ the teacher in class, I dont think you will pass t

28、he examination.4. You will soon regret it if you _. 5. If you want to be a good boss, you will have to _ from your employees first.（四）綜合填空：1. - How was your trip to Beijing? - Great. My only r_ was that I had no time to visit the Great Wall.2. - What are we having for d_? - Ice-cream, cheese cake an

29、d chocolate pudding. 3. - How much are these books? - Five dollars each. But if you buy two, you could get the third one for f_. 4. - May I i_ myself? Im Jerry Blom, assistant to Dr. Smith. - Nice to meet you. 5. - Why dont you buy that cellphone? Its 30% off today! - Not unless my parents a_. 6. -

30、Whats the matter, officer? I was driving at 50 miles an hour. I wasnt speeding. - Sir, you are r_ by law to wear a seat belt. 7. - Whats your new boss like? - Oh, she is hard to p_. Everything should be perfect. 8. - Look at the mistakes! You are not paying a_ in class! - Im sorry sir. I promise Ill

31、 listen more carefully. 9. - Whats your secret to success? - The reason I a_ good results is that I work hard. So could you!10. - Do you agree with me? - I totally disagree with you, but I r_ your opinion. （五）短文填空： I studied at a British high school for one school year. It was quite an _1_ for me. My class with 29 students is of _2_ size in Britain, but much s