高考英語短文改錯(cuò)超級講義

1、2020高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專題講練各省歷年高考考點(diǎn)平均出現(xiàn)次數(shù)考點(diǎn)各省歷年高考考點(diǎn)平均出現(xiàn)次數(shù)命題趨勢2018201720162015動(dòng)詞3432短文改錯(cuò)文章以記敘文為主，考察詞類覆蓋面廣，涉及名詞、 動(dòng)詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等的基本用法在短文改錯(cuò)中占相當(dāng)大比例的是動(dòng)詞的形式變化，包般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、及被動(dòng)語態(tài) 等其他如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、主謂一致、詞與詞之間的搭配等方 面的錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)出現(xiàn)。錯(cuò)誤比例分布 多詞：缺詞：錯(cuò)詞普遍 1:1:8偶爾 2:1:7偶爾 1:2:7啟示：.核對錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所 改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“ 1: 1

2、: 8”的比例。即多一詞 1個(gè)，缺詞1 個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否啟重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò) 往往覆蓋回J , 一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。名詞1111連詞2111形容詞1102副詞0110代詞1111冠詞1101介詞1021全國課標(biāo)卷I近四年考點(diǎn)范圍2018201720162015動(dòng)詞1. Think-thought2. Must found-find3.Since then,we had （been doing）-have1. Used to doing-do2. Passed-passed1. When things did wrong-did 改為 went2. When

3、 I tear apart my 改為 tore形容詞/ 副詞1. Aseriouslyproblem-serious2. Muchrareanimals-many1. Grow wanderfully tomatoes2. （the fruits are juicy and taste-tastyRemember sb very muc-much 改 為 well/clearlyLittle aggressive-less連詞Or-andAlthoug-but把but去掉或改為yet1 .兩句間加and2 . During-whenSeewhichwashappenning-改為 what名

4、詞Airs-airThese year-yearsshouldersToy-toys代詞Your-our/theThere are so much-manyHimself-himFor a while parent-在 parent后面加上 my It-them冠詞In countyside（力口 the）As result（加 a）In a fact（去掉 a）介詞On the development of（改為with）With the help by（by 改為 of）Fromtoward-to1. No more toys to you 改為for2. Make my toys to

5、last 去掉to上下文 邏輯關(guān) 系（the plants are growing） somewhere-everywhereNever-ever短文改錯(cuò)的常見錯(cuò)誤類型1 .動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)（歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)）時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)用（和主體時(shí)態(tài)矛盾）and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致 ；主謂不一致缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞；第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用固定搭配錯(cuò)誤主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。1）歷年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的小題，而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要 以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)，以明顯的時(shí)間狀語為依據(jù)。eg. I was only four when she passes away.（根據(jù) I

6、was only four）注意：主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時(shí)態(tài)；如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句需要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。舉例說明：I think that he is a good man/that he did not finish his work yesterday.He said that he had visited the park.2 ） and/but前后都有謂語動(dòng)詞稱為并列謂語，以短文主體時(shí)態(tài)為準(zhǔn)，一定注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。eg. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said

7、 the story was.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to 3.1） 主謂不一致一般都是 考簡單句：主謂賓/主系表，所以注意主語和謂語實(shí)義動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞是否一致就變得不難了。eg. One evening she told me that something happened when her parent

8、s was out.3.2） 主語后有 with,together with,along with, as well as, like, but, except, rather than, besides, including 等短語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞和 主語一致。（A together with B 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞依A 來定）Nobody except my parents knows anything about it.3.3） or, neithernor., either or- -, not only but also 連接并列主語遵循就近原則。He or his brothers w

9、as to blame for the broken window.3.4） one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞后的定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但 the （only/very/right） one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞后的定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞需 用單數(shù)。 Eg. James is the only one of my friends who are lazy.3.5） no, many a, more than on+單數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意思，但因中心t是單數(shù)，謂語仍用單數(shù)。Eg. More than one student havebeen to Bazhong.3.6） 有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞

10、用復(fù)數(shù)。Clothes, glasses眼鏡，shoes,chopsticks筷子，scissors剪刀，trousers,jeans, stocks-.Eg. This pair of trousers belong to my sister. Mine are being washed.主謂一致（語法一致原則/就近一致原則/意義一致原則）更多參見一車&復(fù)習(xí)書P160-161.4）簡單句句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主系表/主謂賓，注意完整性。 She is a student. I like music.eg. There will an important game next month.5）第三人

11、稱單數(shù)名詞代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞was, is；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞加 s （一般情況加 s如takes, reads；輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i+es 如：try-tries , reply-replies;以/s/,/?,/t?音素結(jié)尾和 。結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 +es 如：do-does, watch-watches , guess-guesse' have-has是特殊。若非第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞不能亂用單數(shù)。eg. My dream school look like a big garden.6） 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： be done/be being done/hav

12、e/has been done.但不及物動(dòng)詞 （短語） 無被動(dòng)：come out, run out, belong to, date back to, come up（被提出），happen, occur（發(fā)生），consist of, appear, die, lie, rise, . eg. This book was belonged to me.7）動(dòng)詞短語考搭配，一般都是一些基礎(chǔ)的常用短語，需要大家熟記分清。Eg. My sister is going to graduate college soon and find a job.2.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤類型可數(shù)名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)

13、用（高頻考點(diǎn)）可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞混用名詞所有格中“'s”的誤置無生命所有格of漏用/誤用1.1） 單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)用改動(dòng) 依據(jù)一：名詞前的修飾限定成份 （單數(shù)名詞前常有 a/an;復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有 many, several, a few等；不 可數(shù)名詞沒復(fù)數(shù)，其前常有 much, little等）；改動(dòng)依據(jù)二：上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)（be動(dòng)詞is,was配單數(shù)名詞；be動(dòng)詞are, were配復(fù)數(shù)名詞；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形配復(fù)數(shù)名詞；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)配單數(shù)名詞）1.2）名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則要記清：（詳見一輪復(fù)習(xí)書P14）（1） There are advantage for students

14、to work.（2） That was a dinner we had waited for several month.（3） a few minute on the Internet.（4） But one and a half year later.（one and a half 意,怎為一個(gè)半 ）2）不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，不能直接用冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾，常見的要記清：clothing服裝（總稱，information, advice, news, weather,equipment, traffic, trouble, furniture, fun, paper Z氏，sugar, work

15、（工作）luggage 行李 .既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞的。詞性取決于語境。名詞作“不可數(shù)”時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作“不可數(shù)”時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)形式coffee咖啡幾杯咖啡custom習(xí)慣；習(xí)俗海關(guān)silk絲綢各種絲綢force力氣；力量軍隊(duì)hair頭發(fā)幾根頭發(fā)glass杯子；玻璃眼鏡time時(shí)間次數(shù)；倍數(shù)；時(shí)代sand沙子沙灘；沙漠food食物各種食物work工作作品；工廠fruit水果若干種水果chicken雞肉雞wood樹木樹林manner舉止，態(tài)度禮貌iron鐵熨斗arm手臂止1而paper紙?jiān)嚲?；論文；?bào)紙word消息字；詞；話Eg. We have called several time about

16、 Hippy 's early morning barking.Their word were a great encouragement to me.3.1） 表示“的”通常在名詞詞尾直接加-'s;以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加即可如：friend's, friends'but she marked strictly on student 's actual performance.3.2） 注意一些習(xí)慣用法：表示店鋪，某人的家，診所等 ；at the barber's/dentist's, at my aunt's等 表示時(shí)間，距離

17、，集體, 城市，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)的，yesterday's newspaper, five minutes' walk走路五分鐘的路程Eg. I forgot my favorite book at my friend this weekend.4）無生命所有格，"of+名詞”如：a picture of my family一張我家的全家福Eg. Without the help by his parents, he bravely got out of the financial problem.3. 形容詞、副詞錯(cuò)誤類型系動(dòng)詞后誤放副詞誤用副詞修飾名詞；誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)

18、詞、形容詞誤用形容詞作評注性狀語誤用副詞修飾主語表狀態(tài)v-ing 和v-ed形容詞混用誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級近義詞誤用誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞最后，注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”特別指正：1）系動(dòng)詞后常用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞 smell /feel）The memory stayed fresh. The food tastes good.2）修飾名詞用形容詞serious problem ；3）修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞：She sings well; I firmly b

19、elieve you can succeed "had an extremely specialbirthday. She was particularly interested in English.4）副詞（un）fortunately, surprisingly, luckily 等放句首作評注性狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。改錯(cuò)題熱門考點(diǎn)eg. Unfortunately, Ifailed to go the party.不幸的是，我沒能去參加聚會(huì)。5）形容詞 可以 作狀語修飾 句子主語。eg. Tired but happy, we won the game.6） Ving的adj常修

20、飾物，"令人 的"，ved的adj常修飾人，"感到."She was surprised at the latest surprising news. She had a very surprised book on her face.6.1） much 可以修飾形副詞的比較級, many 不可以。eg. The Internet plays a much more / more important role in our life.6.2） the+比較級，the+比較級 "越越"常成為考點(diǎn)，注意前后一致， 都要用比較級。eg. T

21、he more progress we have made, the easier the life is.6.3） adj/adv 比較級 +than"比更”注意 than 前要用比較級 。He is better at English than me.8）注意些近義詞的區(qū)另 I：lonely, alone; farther, further; alive, live, lively; likely, possible, probable, likely.9）注意一些形容詞可以做副詞，而+ly也為副詞，但意義不同。尤其注意late, lately ； close, closely；

22、 high, highly; hard,hardly; most, mostly; like, likely 的區(qū)別。（可參閱一輪復(fù)習(xí)書P77）Tips:形容詞變副詞規(guī)則要記牢：一般詞尾+ly, fortunate, interesting,helpful,以le結(jié)尾去e+ly, gentle,possible,；以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i+ly, happy, heavy,angry.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：1. They came back lately and had some tea.1.1. . you always gave me specially attention.3. . th

23、ey fly down immediate and catch them without delay.4. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from .5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.4.非謂語錯(cuò)誤類型（動(dòng)名詞、不定式、ving分詞、ved分詞）不定式符號to的添、刪謂語和非謂語混用ving分詞/ved分詞作狀語混用忽視動(dòng)名詞doing作主語、賓語and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）1.1）

24、接不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略 to的有"11個(gè)半”（半個(gè)幫助 help, 一個(gè)感覺feel,兩個(gè)聽listen to, hear,三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have, 五個(gè)看 see, watch, look at, observe, notice ） 注意： 在被動(dòng)句中 to 不能省略。 eg1. They were made do the job from morning till night.eg2.- -. to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.1.2） T青態(tài)動(dòng)詞后及短語動(dòng)詞had bett

25、er, would better, can 't （help） but ,do nothing but ,can't choose but- -, prefer to do ratherthan等后的不定式要省略to oEg. I'd rather stay at home than to go to see a film with Jane.2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.3）過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有特征：動(dòng)詞短語放句首/中/尾，

26、有逗號隔開?，F(xiàn)在分詞與主語存在邏輯上的主謂（一個(gè)主語，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞且有逗號隔開，無連接詞but/and/or判（主動(dòng)）關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；過去分詞與主語存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓（被動(dòng)）關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)或完成。One night, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.定有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞需用ving/ved分詞作狀語)4)動(dòng)名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；動(dòng)名詞放在特定動(dòng)詞后作賓語：suggest doing sth.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of

27、 fair play and team spirit5.人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞的錯(cuò)誤類型 女性代詞指代男性或相反；（she,he反用；him, her反用；物主代詞his,her反用）“你（們的）”、“我«門的）、他（們的 ）”混用；（尤其our, your, their混用）單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)或相反；eg. Itthem ）代詞詞性誤用；物主代詞-名詞性物主代詞，賓格 -反身代詞缺少人稱代詞不定代詞混用something/anything;some,any;both,all;neither,either,none;other,another改正方法：看到代詞尋找指代對象，

28、聯(lián)系上下文推敲邏輯關(guān)系核實(shí)是否一致不定代詞需關(guān)注another三者及以上中的另個(gè)， one.anotherthe other 兩者中另一個(gè) onethe otherother+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞；somej .others.一些.另一些都任何都不兩日botheitherneither三者或以上allanynonesomething常用于肯定句，否定句常用anything.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2. I have a good friend who ' s name is Liu Mei.3. It was

29、 about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.4. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.5. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.6. 介詞的錯(cuò)誤類型固定搭配錯(cuò)誤習(xí)慣用法錯(cuò)誤考察方向：多用、漏用、誤用特別指正：1) 時(shí)間名

30、詞前有特定詞如this, that, last, next, there, one, every, yesterday, today ，不再用介詞 on, at, in 等。eg. I visited Beijingwith my parents .on last month.2)及物動(dòng)詞后不用介詞；動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語修飾名詞時(shí)，與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后需加介詞。eg. He found no room to live _in.3) the moment, the minute, every time 等名詞短語充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句“一 就”其前不用介詞4）

31、熟記和介詞搭配的短語，（常見短語，易混短語）常見短語如：belong to , look forward to , take care of, listen to , laugh at, make fun of, make use of, take advantage of,play tricks on, pay attention to, get rid of 易混短語如：pick up -pick out , come up-come up with, give in-give up Tips：固定搭配要記牢，介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲.牢固掌握介詞的基本用法更易得分，當(dāng)然介詞常和動(dòng)詞

32、搭配考，所以看到動(dòng)詞短語，一看搭配介詞是否正確是否符合句意，二看是否少介詞，三看是否和易混短語弄錯(cuò)；強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1. After autumn arrives , the city looks as an old man with leaves .2. .he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes.3. Could you share your experience for us?4. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.5.

33、 I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.7.冠詞的錯(cuò)誤（ a/ an/the）英語中冠詞只有三個(gè)，從高考英語改錯(cuò)題的角度來看,只能從以下四個(gè)方向出題:不定冠詞a和an互改；（易得分）不定冠詞a / an和定冠詞the互改；（高頻）根據(jù)需要增加冠詞根據(jù)需要?jiǎng)h除冠詞高頻考點(diǎn)特別指正：（冠詞其他用法詳見一輪復(fù)習(xí)書P45-46）1） 冠詞的固定搭配用法要留心eg. as a result, have a cold, in the morning, out of control 2）首次提到某

34、物，單數(shù)名詞前要用 不定冠詞a/ an. eg. He bought a. car and it cost much.3）定冠詞the表特指可用在所有名詞前，上文提到過的人/物，或雙方都知道的人或物；I started writing down words from thebooks that I read. （the表定指時(shí)，名詞前后常有修飾限定的成分）4） adj 最高級，序數(shù)詞，same, only, very（正是刃B個(gè)）前需用 the. He is jhe second to reach the finishing line. He is the very man that the

35、director is looking for.5）在天體、方位、方向、樂器名詞前用定冠詞the,如：the earth, the east, the piano6）用于 hit/pat/ sb + 介詞 + the+身體部位,如 hit sb on the head/back7）不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞，如It is great fun to have a trip to Europe.；抽象名詞具體化變成可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可用冠詞。He isa success.8）復(fù)數(shù)名詞 和不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞，表 泛指；People like to read books. Money is not evert

36、hing.9）表季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日，三餐，學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋牌名詞前不用冠詞，如：spring, November, Monday, Children 'sDay , have lunch, maths, Chinese, play basketball .10） by后接交通工具或通訊工具名詞，不用冠詞，如 by air/sea/car/ phone 11） go to +n 表示"去做與名詞相關(guān)的事”，名詞前不用冠詞，如：go to school/ college/ church/ prison/hospital/ court/ bed/town .12） by和

37、計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。- 6 -如：He was paid by the hour.他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。a與an的使用區(qū)別：a：用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前an用于以元音開始的單數(shù)名詞前。注意：指的是單詞開頭的第一個(gè)音素，而不是單詞開頭的字母。1. U是元音字母，但在單詞 university、universe、used、useful等單詞中，第一個(gè)音素是j,這是個(gè)輔音，所以冠詞 應(yīng)用a而不要用an。如：It is a European country.It is a useful dictionary.I bought a used car.但umbrella這個(gè)單t中，U發(fā)的是/ /,

38、這是個(gè)元音，所以前面要用an,如：I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.2. There is a "n" in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an "n" in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以 前面要用an.3. hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。如：I need an hour to finish the work.所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English/American teacher,

39、 an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with himself.2. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison.3. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.4. As everyone knows, it &

40、#39; s famous mountain witrn(asl of plants and animals.5. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-8.連詞、復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞第一，看到連詞就要判斷連詞是否正確，是否符合句子意思 ；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。1) and并列，but轉(zhuǎn)折，or或者，so所以常混淆；2) however轉(zhuǎn)折，therefore因此，besides而且都和逗號在一起?；煜?；3)看到 not only but(also)either or ,neither等;no否殘缺、混用；4) th

41、ough不與but連用，because不與so連用等第二，看到從句，請注意：句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞是否得當(dāng)1)名詞性從句注意 that和what混用；2)定語從句，注意非限定性定語從句不用that;先行詞為地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因名詞，考慮是否用where/when/why替換which第三，出現(xiàn)在句首的連詞，修改時(shí)注意首字母要大寫1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.2. I became very active but made new friends.3.

42、 My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.There be和have表示“有"混用祈使句（動(dòng)詞原形 do開頭）+and/or+陳述句感嘆句 how和 what 混用（How+adj+ 主 + 謂！ What +（a/an+adj）+n.+ 主+謂?。?qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句、狀語從句的混用（ It be that ）解題技巧總結(jié)1、利用排除法進(jìn)行短文改錯(cuò)，所謂 排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大

43、意基本把握住文章整體時(shí)態(tài)的前提下，行不離句， 句不離文，將句子分成若干語段，逐一排除，使錯(cuò)誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散性思考，從而快速找到 答案。2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu)，就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)誤。如：She was eating her sandwichand drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)語法上相同的謂語，故應(yīng)把drank改drinking.3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級，比較的對象等方面的錯(cuò)誤。如：In some places you can

44、 borrowmany books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含"as 浦構(gòu)的句子，所以應(yīng)在 many前加上as。4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤。如：His company publishes books and he buysbooks all over the world .按行文邏輯，應(yīng)把 buys 改 sells.又如：I like singing ,my brother likes dancing . 英語中兩個(gè)分句之間 不能僅僅用逗號，而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個(gè)分句之間要加上連詞while表示對比。5、發(fā)現(xiàn)

45、句子有多重結(jié)構(gòu)，就要檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯(cuò)誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon ashe got there .該句犯了連詞重復(fù)使用的錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)去掉 immediately.6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)， 就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。如：-How many was the price of your car ?-I boughtthe car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語中問價(jià)格時(shí)，可用 what price 或 how much 提問。回答時(shí)常用 high price low price . 所以應(yīng)把

46、句子中的 How many 改為 What，把答句中cheap改為low.7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時(shí)，就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如：Some people read the books or watch TV , whileothers have sports .去掉 books 前的 the ,books 在此表示泛指。8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語時(shí)，就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯(cuò)誤。如：Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in thecrowd .caught sight of （看見）是固定詞組，所以要去掉a.9、發(fā)現(xiàn)并

47、列主語、從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、金錢等作主語，together with, as well as等引導(dǎo)的成份修飾主語時(shí)，就要檢查是否有主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如： Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主語也是playing football,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)，故 give應(yīng)改為 gives .10、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就要檢查其特殊用法是否正確。如：He mad

48、e me to post a letter for him .英語中的感官動(dòng)詞see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等，使役動(dòng)詞 let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的復(fù)合賓語中，如果由不定式 的短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，不定式須省去to.故應(yīng)去掉句中的to.11、發(fā)現(xiàn)有非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語、表語或定語時(shí)，就要檢查是否有非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如；The box is tooheavy for the little boy to carry it .該句型中不定式 to carry邏輯上的賓語就是句子中的主語，所以

49、句中的it是多余，應(yīng)去掉。短文改錯(cuò)口訣動(dòng)詞形、名詞數(shù)、還要注意形和副：非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法 要記住: 句子成分 多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤 須關(guān)注;代詞介詞莫放過,冠詞連詞常光顧?？谠E詳解：一、動(dòng)詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)詞形常見錯(cuò)誤：1) 一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2)第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用。第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2) and ， but,or,also 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。( 具有對稱性)4) 主謂不一致5) 缺少謂語動(dòng)詞1. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)缺少be 動(dòng)詞2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(am/is/are/was/were )6) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用wash-i

50、s washed7)短語搭配運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份.2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.三、還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。根據(jù)adj 或 adv 的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；修飾系動(dòng)詞(am/is/are/was/were) 或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動(dòng)名詞和不定式錯(cuò)誤。1 )不定

51、式todo2)動(dòng)名詞doing作主語、賓語3) and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí))4 )現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等五、習(xí)慣用法要記?。褐饕疾榱?xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識: 冠詞構(gòu)成的短語，動(dòng)詞和副詞/ 介詞短語，名詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。八、冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：連詞 but ， and ， or 和

52、 so 的用法錯(cuò)誤，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。1)Dear Jeremy and Alice,Although we ve been delighted to have you as neighbors, we re hopinggtothsaet tbtloethseormsetothiuns. In a word, yourdog Cleo.We ve called several time about Cleo s early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute sheout

53、side. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o clock.That is too much for us. Considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologi

54、es and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.- 9 -(2)My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset, we sat by

55、 the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didn t learn much about animals, insects or tre