賓語從句講解

1、賓語從句賓語從句是的一種。在中充當(dāng)，位于、或之后的從句稱為。賓語從句分為三類：的賓語 從句，的賓語從句和的賓語從句。用法 賓語從句 結(jié)構(gòu)：+由連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句（陳述語序）連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how， where， whe n .）。1）that（無詞義，不做成分）;if,whether（表達(dá)是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分） that引導(dǎo)表示的賓語從句,if 禾n whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的的賓語從句。If和whether的區(qū)別:if和whether在作“是否”理解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know

2、,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后，后一般不用if。少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：leave ,pu t,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用 whether。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在前只能用whether 。般“ no matter ”示“是否”用whether而不用if 。2）主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。Tell him which class you are in

3、3）主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。He did n t tell me whe n weshould meet aga in.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。賓語從句-動(dòng)賓從句大多數(shù)都可以帶賓語從句。部分“+”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有:make sure （確保）、make up one' s mi nd （下決心）、kee p in mi nd（牢記）可運(yùn)用it代替的賓語從句動(dòng)詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe,

4、think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加賓語從句-介賓從句it （）這主要有：hate,take,owe,have,用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。用that,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。賓語從句-形容詞+賓從句有些形容詞具有動(dòng)詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個(gè)賓語從句;例句:I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his an swer is rig

5、ht?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的有:sure,certa in, glad, pl ease,ha ppy ,sorry,afraid,satisfied,sur prised賓語從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移注：否定前移的條件是，主句是等，并且主句的主句的是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess是而且為，從句的一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來二 否定前移的反意問句 完成反意問句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞 或，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式 .我們通常稱為否定前移。eg. I don't thi nk you

6、 are right,are youI don't believe they have fini shed their work yet,have they賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響 當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí) 從句用或表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 從句表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前 從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后 如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化當(dāng)賓語從句的是 who,which,what,whe n, where,how,why等表疑問時(shí)，不能按正常安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首無論任何時(shí)候都為陳述

7、語序.但也有部分口語提問例外：What's the matter?What's wrong with you?賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)技巧如果賓語從句后有賓語，用it作，把賓語從句后置1.從句為，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2.從句為，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if 或whether。在 whetheror not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。3.從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇 what,whe n,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副who+謂語+其他。詞作引導(dǎo)詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時(shí)，句式為：從句的引導(dǎo)詞有很多，如： say, think, wish , fee

8、l 等。hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear ,二、判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句是，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去。注意:從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He an swered that he was liste ning to me.3.: that , who, whom,whose,which1. The teacher told the childre n that the sun round.B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball matc

9、h.B. wonC. will winD. wi ns三、賓語從句的用法引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但是在書面上最好不要省略。下列情況除外： 介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impo ssible that he could finish it in such a short tim

10、e2.許多帶的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+動(dòng)詞+ it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to every one.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is won deri ng whe n can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is won deri ng whe n he can finish this difficult job. .有時(shí)候可以用it作，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought

11、that he could finish this job in just two hours impo ssible.Good: I thought it impo ssible that he could finish this job in just two hours. .帶有賓語從句的的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesn t like the English teacher.En glish teacher.Good: I don t think he likes the .主句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He

12、 wan ted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wan ted to know why he was crying in the corner.(4)賓語從句后置eg. You may think it strange that he would live there(5) that不可省略賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略that，其他不能省略。A.當(dāng)主句帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)eg. I believe (that ) you have done your best and that th

13、ings will get betterB.當(dāng)it作時(shí)eg. She made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí),I believeeg. That our team will win(6)由變成賓語從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。例: She said: “I have been to England before. ”She said that she had bee n to En gla nd before.(7)賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的和主句的主語是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“+”做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I don ' t know what I should do> I don t know what to do next.1. Can you seehe' s readi ng B. what is he readi ng does he read D. he reads what2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)->Do you knowJackfrom Japan擴(kuò)充：運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在表