高中英語難點23 有章可循的主旨大意題

1、難點23 有章可循的主旨大意題閱讀中的主旨大意題主要是考查學(xué)生在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上歸納總結(jié)文意的能力，然而，學(xué)生在閱讀中常犯的毛病之一就是：只見樹木，不見森林。難點磁場1.（）A World of OpportunityThe New York Times is now better than ever.All the more reason to order home delivery now.NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull

2、 out,take with you or pass along.NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet (宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.NEW-The House & Home section.Thursdays,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW

3、-An expanded,two-part Weekend section.Fridays,with more ideas about movies,shows,art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreations.Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,daily world and national news,Sundays special sections and all the other great features youll continue to find in The Tim

4、es.Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times every day.Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% OFF our regular price.Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that _.A.many opportunities will be provided just to those who or

5、der home deliveryB.several new sections have been printed separately from now onC.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports resultsD.people can pick up all the information they are interested in2.()Millions of people use contact lenses(隱形眼鏡）.For anyone who doesnt mind sticking his f

6、ingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,dont make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of formssoft,firm,colored,and even theatrical.More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But are they safe?La

7、test research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective in killing all germs(細(xì)菌）and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours.While most problems with contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(衛(wèi)生）or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only happen to those who

8、 wash their lenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lenses for the third night running.Two of the biggest eye-damaging killersprotozoan acanthamoeba and bacteria pseudomonasare all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seemingly harmless pair can cause bli

9、ndness through keratitis(disease of the cornea).“The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond Curran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).”An optician(驗光師）may see one possi

10、bly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seemingly mild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudomonas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediately,patients may

11、need a corneal replacement.And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on Earth”it can survive in Antarctica.Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us _.A.the possible danger

12、 of contactsB.the importance of keeping contacts cleanC.some doctors opinions about contactsD.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts3.()With only about000 pandas left in the world，China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物種)Thats a move similar to wha

13、t a Texas AM University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs，embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liuid nitrogenIf certain species should become extinct，DrDuane Kraemer，a professo

14、r in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine，says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the futureIt is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals，birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 00 yearsThe panda，native only to China，is in danger of

15、 becoming extinct in the next 25 yearsThis week，Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbitThey are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animalThe entire procedure could take from three to five years

16、to complete“The nuclear transfer（核子移植)of one species to another is not easy，and the lack of available （capable of being used）panda eggs could be a major problem”Kraemer believes“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy （having a baby）It takes a long time and

17、 its difficult，but this could be groundbreaking science if it worksThey are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk，so it is worth the effort，”adds Kraemer，who is one of the leaders of the roject at Texas AM，the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog“They are trying to do something thats never be

18、en done，and this is very similar to our work in Noahs ArkWere both trying to save animals that face extinctionI certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to doIts a research that is very much needed”Question 3:The best title for the passage may be

19、AChinas Success in Pandas CloningBThe First Cloned Panda in the WorldCExploring the Possibility to Clone PandasDChinathe Native Place of Pandas Forever4.()American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A “typical” American woman may be single . She may also be divorced or married. She may

20、be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American. However, one thing that many American women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life.Historically , American women have always been very independent . The first

21、settlers to come to New England were of ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e. their parents , sisters, cousins, etc.).The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivilized (未開化)environ

22、ment (環(huán)境)demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival (生存).Women worked with their husbands and children to make themselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established (確定的)influence of older members of society , women felt free to

23、step into nontraditional roles.This role of women was strengthened in later years as Americans moved west,again leaving family behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the East, as new settlers arrived , the women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the

24、family.Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century America, the strong role of women was not as attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However , when American men went to war in the 1940s, women stepped into

25、the mens jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women stayed in these positions , and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability.Question 4:What is the main idea of this passage?A.Different life styles led by the American women.B.American women were free to step

26、into nontraditional roles.C.American women worked hard to establish their roles in American historyD.American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations (rules)at all.案例探究1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art.Washington D.C.,t

27、he US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US also shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.FIU has opened what it says is the first compu

28、ter art museum in the United States.You dont have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone.You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It is computer art,pr

29、oduced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work.A computer artis

30、t could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put his pictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is

31、 mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students.Mr. Shostak said the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an

32、audience.And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum.Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about _.A.famous museums throughout the worldB.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A.C.art exhibitions in Florida Internatio

33、nal UniversityD.latest development in computer art命題意圖：本題主要考查學(xué)生的歸納概括能力，屬五星級題目。錯解分析：本題錯選C、D兩項的學(xué)生較多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片語，而忽視了前兩段文字在文中的作用及貫穿文章始終的museum一詞。解題方法與技巧：（1）通讀全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前兩段。第一段作者告訴我們?nèi)澜缬性S多著名的藝術(shù)博物館；第二段主要講Florida International University新開的電腦藝術(shù)博物館。隨后各段就這家博物館的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者及博物館的運作做了說明。（2）運用排除法，將較具干擾性的C

34、、D兩項排除掉。C項錯誤在于art exhibitions;D項中只講電腦藝術(shù)的最新發(fā)展，與文章的前兩段無法相符，也沒有呼應(yīng)貫穿文章始終的“art museum”。答案：B2.NMET 2002In 1901,H.G. Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探險者) landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed thei

35、r surprise to the “moon people” they met.In turn,the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space?”H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know

36、that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,S

37、eoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The “Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete.But what about underground cities?Japans Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called “Alice Cities”.The designers imagine using surface sp

38、ace for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太陽能穹頂) would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth “moon people” would agree.Would you?Question:What w

39、ould be the best title for the text?A.Alice Citiescities of the future.B.Space travel with H.G. Wells.C.Enjoy living underground.D.Building down,not up.命題意圖：本題旨在考查學(xué)生的歸納概括能力，是一道主旨大意題，屬五星級題目。錯解分析：此題學(xué)生容易錯選B項，原因是沒有通覽全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。解題方法與技巧：（1）通覽全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章開篇敘述了H.G. Wells在其科幻小說中的“月球人”詢問月球探險者：“為什

40、么地球人不利用地球內(nèi)部空間而到地球外部空間旅行呢？”；接著下一段講述越來越多的科學(xué)家正在認(rèn)真思考這一問題；隨后兩段敘述underground systems的利用及日本underground cities的設(shè)計；然后再根據(jù)文章最后一段首句：“Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space”，可判斷出此題答案。答案：D錦囊妙計1.通讀全文，重視首段，注意每段第一句話（尤其是論述性或說明性文章）。2.歸

41、納文章的段落大意。把握文章總體。3.重視重要情節(jié)、人物及事物特征。4.注意觀察，找準(zhǔn)貫穿上下文的關(guān)鍵詞匯。5.重視題干中的關(guān)鍵詞匯：main idea,the best title,the writer mainly wants to tell (or:show)殲滅難點訓(xùn)練AHuman language is a living thing.Each language has its own biological system,which makes it different from all other language.This system must constantly adjust

42、to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish.When we think of human language this way,it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the cells of a living organismthey are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts

43、.There are several specific processes by which new words are formed.Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to.Words like buzz and ding-dong are good examples of this process.Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely

44、associated with that words meaning.The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word-formation process.The Earl of sandwich,an English aristocrat(貴族),was so fond of gambling at cards that he hated to be interrupted by the necessity of eating.He thus invented a new way of eating while he con

45、tinued his game at the gambling table.This quick and convenient dish is what we now call a sandwicha piece of meat between two slices of bread.The hamburger became the best-known sandwich in the world after it was invented by a citizen of Hamburg in Germany.As long as a language is alive,its cells w

46、ill continue to change,forming new words and getting rid of the ones that no longer have any use.1.()The passage is mainly about _.A.the biological system of a living organismB.the inventors of sandwich and hamburgerC.the development of human cellsD.the changes of a languageBThe wedding took place i

47、n a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met h

48、er future husband for the very first time.Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio stations competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to many without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were

49、 among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar“experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector(測謊儀) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their per

50、sonalities. The competition judges included an astrologer(占星家) who declared that they were suited.The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaines mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and

51、 Mr. Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.

52、”The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a years free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last?2.()Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Two Strangers and a WeddingB.A Wedding Bas

53、ed on LoveC.A Short-Lived MarriageD.A Well-Matched CoupleCSince 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (商業(yè)廣告) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “Ill continue t

54、o do those commercials.”Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still wont let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes.” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted (收養(yǎng)) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Th

55、omas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said,“and if I got out of line, hed beat me.”Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he

56、 had something much better in mind, “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said,“I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas s

57、tarted the first Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6 000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes 6 billion a year in sales.Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,

58、 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金會) for Adoption in 1992.In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody