單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)

1、主謂一致用法歸納一、名詞作主語(yǔ) family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)1若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。His family is a happy one.His family isn ' t large.2若指其中一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。My family all like watchi ng TV. people, police, cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The police are search ing for the thief.People here are very frien dly. “ the+姓

2、氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一對(duì)夫婦或一家人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。The Smiths are havi ng dinner. “ the+形容詞”這類(lèi)詞有： the brave, the poor, the rich,the bli nd, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb,the injured,the woun ded,the un employed等o1. 表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.2. 表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。The

3、beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。No n ews is good n ews.Maths (physics) is very popular in our class more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。Three years has passed since the n

4、.Two mon ths is a long holiday.Twenty pounds isn t so heavy.Ten miles isn t a long distanee.Five minus four is one. 5 減 4 等于 1。 a number of+M數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；A nu mber of famous people were in vited to party.A nu mber of stude nts have gone home.2. the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The nu mber of the stu

5、de nts is over eight hun dred.The nu mber of pages in this book is two hun dred.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.主語(yǔ)為one of , each of, every one of, any one o加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。One of my favorite sports is basketball. Each of them has an En glish dict

6、i on ary.當(dāng)kind of, pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與 kind, pair, glass等一致。This pair of shoes is Tom s. There are two glasses of water on the table. “l(fā)ots of/ a lot of/ plenty of/ all /most /half /the rest of +名詞或分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞的可數(shù)性 ， 這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。1. 若是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)；Lots of

7、 damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of tKeseauttiace is covered with water2. 若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，貝S用復(fù)數(shù)。Three-fifths of the workers here are wome n. Most of his time is spe nt on study.二、代詞作主語(yǔ) none與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，none如果代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。None of the land has become dese這些土地都沒(méi)有變成沙漠。不定代詞 somebody, so

8、me one, somethi ng, an ybody, any thi ng, everybody, every one, everythi ng,n obody, no one, no thin作 主 語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Is everyone here today?今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果說(shuō)話人不知道具體的內(nèi)容，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Who lives next door?What' s in the bag?三、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由both, and,連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作

9、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)1. 一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Walk ing and ridi ng are good exercises.2. 若and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞不加冠詞The writer and teacher is coming.（作家和教師指同一人） The writer and the teacher are coming.（作家和老師是兩個(gè)人）3. and前后的并列主語(yǔ)如果表示的是同一個(gè)概念，即前后合起來(lái)是一個(gè)整體

10、，不可割裂開(kāi)來(lái)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依然用單數(shù)形式。Goi ng to bed early and gett ing up early is a good habit.A kn ife and fork is on the table（刀叉和在一起才是完整的一畐嘰）Too much work and too little rest ofte n leads to ill ness. or, either, or, , neither, nor, ,not only, but also, ,not, but,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 Tom or Jack is wrong

11、.不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either you or I am right.要么你要么我是對(duì)的。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with , together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like, including, in addition to, rather than 等詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。Mike with his father has bee n to En gla nd.Mike like his brother enjoys playi ng football.The teacher as wel

12、l as the stude nts was readi ng in the library.四、與句式有關(guān)的主謂一致由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式What we n eed is more time.What we n eed are doctors.在地點(diǎn)置于句首的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。Here comes Sim on.Here are some books and paper for you.Betwee n the two wi ndows hangs a picture. There be結(jié)構(gòu)中

13、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致，即“就近原則”。There is a book and three pens on the desk. 關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與 句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who want to go please put up your han dsSome of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun,如果主語(yǔ)有more than one或 many a,構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。More than one studen

14、t has read the book.Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學(xué)生至U過(guò)上海。主語(yǔ)是each/every/no+單數(shù)名詞+and（each/every）單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Every man and every woma n is at work. Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cin ema. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours

15、 is enougOne and a half bananas is left on the table. 在“ one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中1關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one,因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the most in terest ing stories that have bee n told.2但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是 one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。She was the only one

16、of the girls who was late.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換匯總1. She is good at swimmi ng. = She does well in swimmi ng.2. I come from Beiji ng. =I am from Beiji ng.3. I am in the En glish Club. = I am a member of the En glish Club4. I take my dog for a walk. = I walk my dog.5. Amy walks home after school. = Amy goes home on fo

17、ot after schoo6. I have lots of frien ds. = I have a lot of frie nds. = I have many frien ds.7. It is time for breakfast. = It is time to have breakfast.8. I don' t have any mon ey. = I have no money.9. My favourite less ons are Chin ese and En glish. = I like Chin ese and En glish best.10. What

18、 do you thi nk of your new school? = How do you like your new school? 11. They give us some candy as a treat. = They give us a treat of some can dy.12. There are no calories in water. = There ardnt any calories in water. 13. I also like play ing computer games. = I like play ing computer games too.1

19、4. You can buy him a football. = You can buy a football for him. 15. Can I help you? = What can I do for you?16. Just a minu te. = Just a mome nt.17. How much do the cards cost? = How much are the cards18. The birthday prese nts cost Am% 14 = Amy spe nds Y 14 on the birthday prese nts二 Amy pay學(xué) 14 f

20、or the birthday prese nts19. I' ll buy them. = I' ll take them.20. They match her favourite T-shirt. = They go well with her favourite T-shirt. 21. What is he doing now? = What is he doing at prese nt? = What is he doing at the mome nt?22. I don' t know what to wear today. = I don' t

21、 know what I should wear today.23. You look cool in white trousers. = White trousers look cool on you. 24. Ca n I borrow your photo? = Can I borrow a photo from you?25. May I turn on the lights? = May I turn the lights on?注意：如果把the lights換成it/them則不能替換，只能把it/them放在中間。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有try on, put on, take off等

22、?？荚嚱?jīng)典錯(cuò)誤1. Do morning exercises is good for us.很多同學(xué)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣寫(xiě)出了這樣的句子。動(dòng)詞原形不能作句子的主語(yǔ)，必須改為動(dòng)名詞。需要提醒的是，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。正確： Doing morning exercises is good for us.2. There are a lot of money in them.有些同學(xué)看到a lot of,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞馬上就用了復(fù)數(shù)形式，其實(shí)，a lot of, lots of, some, any這些詞既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾 不可數(shù)名詞，到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，完全取決于后面的名詞。正確：The

23、re is a lot of money in them.3. This pair of shoes are made of leather.pair of,作句子主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于 pair的形式，跟后面的名詞無(wú)關(guān)，pair為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)形式，pair為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。類(lèi)似的詞組還有one of, , the price of,等等。 正確：This pair of shoes is made of leather.4can by bus to there.犯這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的同學(xué)完全沒(méi)有詞性意識(shí)，一味的根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯，導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤連連，令人啼笑皆非。by bus為介詞短語(yǔ)，只能放

24、在動(dòng)詞后面使用，如 go to school by bus。Can后面需要跟動(dòng)詞原形，“乘公共汽車(chē)”的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為take the/a bus另 外，there為副詞，前面不可加 to。 正確：I can take the bus there5. There is an uni versity n ear here.有些同學(xué)看到元音字母就不假思索用冠詞an。判斷用冠詞a還是an根本不取決于元音字母，而是取決于第一個(gè)音發(fā)的是否為元音音素。university第一個(gè)字母u發(fā)的音為/ju/,為輔音，因此，只能用a。類(lèi)似的詞還有：usual, unit, UFO等。； 另外，有12個(gè)字母前用的是an：

25、A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X。還有，有些輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞，第一個(gè)音發(fā)的卻是 元音，依然用冠詞，女口 an hour。正確：There is a university near here.6. The boots are expe nsive. Do you have a cheaper one?one只能指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，而這個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)為boots,復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能用one替代。只能用ones,但如果用ones則又跟前面的a相矛盾。所以只能用pair?；蛘呷サ鬭，然后用ones正確：The boots are expensive. Do you ha

26、ve a cheaper pair?7. The price of the boots is expe nsive.修飾price的詞不能是expensive和cheap,只能是high和low。還有就是如果用price問(wèn)價(jià)格，只能用 What，即What is the price of, ?正確：The price of the boots is high8. How long TV do you watch every day?Less tha n an hour.很多同學(xué)看到回答，不再考慮直接填 How long。殊不知How long后面不能加任何名詞，這里的TV顯然不符合How lo

27、ng 的用法。所以，根據(jù) TV 我們鎖定答案 How much。正確： How much TV do you watch every day? - Less than an hour.9hope you to help me.hope 只有兩個(gè)句型，即 hope to do sth,或 hope （that） + 從句。不能說(shuō) hope sb to do sth 正確：I hope （that） you can help me.10. Whe n do you usually go there?- At 8p.m. on October 31st every year, there is a

28、Hallowee n party there.有同學(xué)看到回答涉及到時(shí)間，不假思索就選用 When 了。這些同學(xué)沒(méi)有看到這里的時(shí)間是為后面的there is a Halloween partythere服務(wù)的。正確： Why do you usually go there? - At 8p.m. on October 31st every year, there is a Halloween party there. 一詞多義”現(xiàn)象匯總1. The shoesfit me very well.（動(dòng)詞，“指大小合身”，后面跟人或人的部位）You are notfit at all.（形容詞，“健康

29、的”前面一定要加 be或keep等系動(dòng)詞）2. I seldom eat sweet snacksike cakes, sweets or drink Coke.（介詞，表示“像 ,”）單詞本身無(wú)任何形式上的變化，不能加 s。常用詞組：look like =be likeWhich do you like, cakes or sweets?（動(dòng)詞“喜歡”，有三單形式）3. I never do any exercise.不可數(shù)名詞，表示“鍛煉”）You n ever exercise. / You n eed to exercise more and watch less TV動(dòng)詞“鍛煉” ）

30、4. I' ll dress up as Monkey King. （dress up “裝扮，打扮”，單獨(dú)使用表示“給某人穿衣，后面跟人，不跟衣服。如：Mum is dressi ng her son.）This is my dress.（名詞，表示“連衣裙，；禮服”）5. Which is your favourite festival?（形容詞，表示“最喜歡的”。）Do you like carrots? They are my favourite.（名詞，表示“最喜歡的東西” 。）6. We have hot drinks and eat lots of nice, hot f

31、ood.可數(shù)名詞，表示“飲料”。）I drink some milk for breakfast.（動(dòng)詞，表示 “喝”。）7. I must buy some Christmaspresents（名詞，表示“禮物”。）Are you studying at presen? （名詞，表示“現(xiàn)在”。）8. I' m waiting for my turn.（名詞，表示“順序，輪流”。）May I turn on the lights?（動(dòng)詞，表示“打開(kāi)”）9. The shirt is light blue.（形容詞，表示“淺色的”。）They must be light and comf

32、ortable.（形容詞，表示“輕的”。）May I turn on the lights? 名詞，表示“電燈”。）10seldom eat sweet snacks like cakes, sweets or drink Coke.名詞，表示“糖果”。） The moon cakes are very sweet.（形容詞，表示“甜的”。）11always take Eddie for awalk in the evening.（名詞，表示“散步”。）I walk Eddie every day.（動(dòng)詞，表示“遛（狗）。）主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞內(nèi)容搭配人spend錢(qián)/時(shí)間doing/onIttake (s

33、b)時(shí)間to do人pay錢(qián)for物cost人錢(qián)1.四朵金 “花” spend, cost, pay, take辨析2. some, any兩者都可表示“一些”，some一般用于肯定 句；any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。但在“征求別人意見(jiàn)”和“請(qǐng) 求別人做事”的時(shí)候，疑問(wèn)句要用some代替any。用some代 替any的主要句子有：Would you like, ? Can I have , ? What about, ?Could you give me, ? Why not, ? Why don ' you,'Shall we, ? May I.?等。3. how ofte n

34、對(duì)頻率畐U詞提問(wèn)，如： three time a day, twice a week, every da等.how many times 只對(duì)次數(shù)提問(wèn)，如： three times, twice 等。how many在句首，名詞復(fù)數(shù)跟著走,一般問(wèn)句緊相隨，其它成分不要丟how much詢問(wèn)價(jià)格時(shí)，它的回答若是中國(guó)的貨幣單位應(yīng)采用漢語(yǔ)拼音yuan,fen來(lái)表示，幾角常采用幾十分來(lái)表示，字母用小寫(xiě)，且不用復(fù)數(shù)。How much is the eraser? Ninety two fen. 4. match, fit4. match和fitmatch表示“相配”，后面一般跟衣服和顏色；fit表示“大

35、小合身”，后面一般跟人或人的身體部位。6. bring, take , carry, get , fetchbring表示“帶來(lái)”，指把東西從遠(yuǎn)處帶到說(shuō)話人身邊，常于here不與there連用；take表示“帶走”，指把東西從說(shuō)話人身邊帶到遠(yuǎn)處；bring與take是一對(duì)反義詞 方向性較強(qiáng)。但bring out、take out和get out都表示“拿出來(lái)”，沒(méi)有區(qū)別。 carry表示“攜帶”，無(wú)明確方向性。fetch和get在意義上相當(dāng)于go and bring的意思。get是去某處將某物拿回來(lái)。fetch可用于將某人或某物帶回，7. on the eve ning of, i n the

36、 eve ning表示具體的特定的某一天早上、中午和晚上要用介詞on, on a cold morning ; on Friday evening。如果不確定指哪一天的晚上則用in。8. dress up, dress up as, dress up in, wear, put ondress up “穿上盛裝” ；dress up as “裝扮成”，后接人物、角色； dress up in “穿（衣服）打扮”，后接衣服。Wear表示“穿”的狀態(tài)，一般指某人某天穿著什么衣服。put on表示動(dòng)作，表示衣服由“不穿到穿”。9. may, can對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩、老師或陌生人我們用 may征求許可，表示禮貌

37、；對(duì)同學(xué)、朋友我們用can更隨便些。對(duì) can 的肯定回答，可以是： Yes, you can. /Certainly./Sure.否定回答： No, you can' t. Sorry, you can' t. I' m afraid not. I' m afraid you can' t.對(duì) may 的肯定回答是：Yes, you may. / Certainly.否定回答是：Sure. /No, you can' t./ No, you mustn' t.10. healthy, healthhealthy 為形容詞，搭配 keep healthy, be healthy, healthy food, healthy die等； health 為名詞，搭配 my health, our health等。11. also跟絕大多數(shù)副詞一樣，also應(yīng)該置于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。also有時(shí)放在句首，一定不能放在句子的最后，句末用too .（ too用在句中形容詞和副詞前表示“太，”，句末是“也”）I also like play ing