機(jī)械英語(yǔ) (2)

1、1.Some of the useful properties of ceramics and glasses include high melting temperature , low density , high strength , stiffness , hardness , wear resistance , and corrosion resistance.句意：高熔點(diǎn)、低密度、高強(qiáng)度、高剛度、高硬度、高耐磨性和抗腐蝕性是陶瓷和玻璃的一些有用特性。2.Centerless grinding involves passing a cylindrical workpiece , wh

2、ich is supported by a rest bland ,between two wheels i.e.,grinding wheel and the regulating or feed wheel.The grinding wheel does the actual grinding,while the regulating wheel is responsible for rotating the workpiece as well as generation the longitudinal feed.句意：無(wú)心磨削是用于圓柱形工件加工的，工件由托板支持，在兩輪之間，即砂輪和

3、導(dǎo)輪或稱進(jìn)給輪之間通過(guò)。砂輪完成實(shí)際磨削，而導(dǎo)輪的作用是使工件旋轉(zhuǎn)和產(chǎn)生軸向的進(jìn)給。3. If a hard-grade wheel were to be used for grinding a hard material,the dull grains would not be pulled off from the bond quickly enough,thus impeding the self-dressing process of the surface of the wheel and finally resulting in clogging of the wheel and

4、burns on the ground surface.句意：如果使用硬砂輪磨削硬的材料，摩鈍的磨粒就不能很快從粘結(jié)體上脫落，這樣便于妨礙砂輪表面的自整修過(guò)程，最終導(dǎo)致砂輪的賭賽并在被磨表面留下灼斑。4. In practice,the only cutting tools that can be guided while actually cutting are drills,reamers,and similar cutters;and so jigs are associated with drilling operations,and fixtures with all other o

5、perations.句意：實(shí)際上，在切削時(shí)唯一的能被引導(dǎo)的切削刀具是鉆頭，鉸刀和類似的銑刀；因此鉆模適用于鉆削加工，而夾具則用在其他加工工藝中。5. This is the component in which a product is engineered,designed,tested through simulation,documented through drawing ,specifications,and other documentation tools such as part lists and bills of material.句意：在（CIM輪盤(pán)圖的）這一部分，產(chǎn)品通

6、過(guò)仿真來(lái)制作，設(shè)計(jì)和測(cè)試；并通過(guò)圖樣，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和其他文檔編制工具如零件清單和物料清單來(lái)形成有關(guān)文件。6. Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (IMT)refers to simulating the human experts manufacturing intelligent activities via computer ,with a highly-flexible and highly-integrated manner in various components of manufacturing industry.It can perform an

7、alysis ,judgement,inference,conceiving and decision-making on manufacturing problemsaiming at replacing or extending part of humans brainwork in the manufacturing environment and collecting ,storing ,improving,sharing,inheriting and developing human experts manufacturing intelligent.句意：智能制造技術(shù)是指在制造業(yè)的

8、各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)以一種高度柔性和高度集成的方式，通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)模擬人類專家的制造智能活動(dòng)，從而對(duì)各種制造問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，判斷，推理，構(gòu)思和決策。旨在取代或延伸制造環(huán)境中人的部分腦力勞動(dòng)，并對(duì)人類專家的制造智能進(jìn)行收集，存儲(chǔ)，完善，共享，繼承和發(fā)展。Exercise 1一、利用詞義引申、詞量增減翻譯方法，把下列句子翻譯成中文1. Such particles are far too tiny to be seen with the strongest microscope. 這種粒子太小，即使用高倍的顯微鏡也看不出來(lái)。2. The running of such automated establishmen

9、ts remains only a matter of reading various meters mounted on panels.管理這種自動(dòng)化工廠只不過(guò)要求查看一下控制臺(tái)上的各種儀表而而已。3. If iron is kept moist, running is rapid, which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion.如果鐵保持潮濕，就銹得快，這就是使我們認(rèn)為水是引起腐蝕的原因。4. The shortest distance between raw material

10、 and a finished part is casting.鑄造是把原材料加工成成品的最簡(jiǎn)單方法。5. The increase in pressure with depth makes it difficult for a man to go very deep far below the water surface.壓力深度的增加，這使得人潛和深水處很困難。6The force acting upon the ends p()must be equated to the longitudinal stress times the area over which the stress a

11、cts.作用在端部的力p()應(yīng)等于縱向應(yīng)力與其作用面積的乘積7 Referring to Fig 2-38, We designate the inside radius of the cylinder by b, the outside radius by p, the internal pressure p, the external pressure by Po.設(shè)圓筒內(nèi)半徑為a，外半徑為b，內(nèi)壓力為p，外壓力Po，如圖2-38所示。8. Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave ela

12、stically in the environmental conditions.結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇應(yīng)使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。9. The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力與向下的力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。10. Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.我們幾乎沒(méi)有注意的很奇異的物質(zhì)變化每天都

13、在眼前發(fā)生。Exercise 2一、利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法翻譯下列各句1. There are different element in nature.自然界有各種不同的元素。2. Wood is not as dense as water and therefore it floats.木材的密度比水小,因而能浮在水面上。3. When the cancer cells have invaded surrounding tissue or have spread through the blood or lymph to other parts of the body, complete remov

14、al becomes impossible.在癌癥細(xì)胞感染了周圍組織或通過(guò)血管或淋巴擴(kuò)散到全身后就不能完全割除了。4. Cotton and linen burn quickly and easily, and smell like burning paper.棉布和亞麻都是易燃，燃燒時(shí)產(chǎn)生的氣味象燒紙一樣。二、利用成分轉(zhuǎn)換法翻譯下列各句1 Nowadays, a typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts so that it can broadcast information over a large area of inf

15、luence.如今一臺(tái)常見(jiàn)的無(wú)線電發(fā)射機(jī)的、功率已達(dá)一百千瓦，因此它的傳播范圍很大。2 Bell's telephone was a great attraction at the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia that year to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.同年，為紀(jì)念美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言發(fā)表一百周年而在費(fèi)舉行的百周年的博覽會(huì)上，貝爾的電話機(jī)引起了人們的極大注意。3. A transistor radio is a less

16、complicated structure than a TV.晶體管收音機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)不象電視那樣復(fù)雜。4. In any machine the work accomplished never exceeds the amount of work expended in working the machine.任何機(jī)器所完成的功永遠(yuǎn)還會(huì)超過(guò)開(kāi)動(dòng)機(jī)器所消耗的功。5. Power means the speed, or rate of doing work.功率的意思是作功的速度或速率。6. We have to oil the moving parts of machine, the fricti

17、on of which may be greatly reduced.為顯著減少摩擦，我們必須給機(jī)器運(yùn)動(dòng)部件加油。7. The cable are composed of thousands of wires, made of high-tensile steel, which are galvanized to resist corrosion.鋼纜由成千根高強(qiáng)度鋼拉制的鋼絲所組成，這些鋼絲經(jīng)過(guò)電鍍，以防生銹。8. Factories everywhere are demanding for the new instruments with which it is possible to p

18、erform many experiments.各地的工廠都需要這種新儀器，用它能作許多試驗(yàn)。9. By means of an engine steam is changed into energy of moving machinery, and then, by the aid of a generator, into electrical energy, which is transmitted over wires and, at some distant point is changed into light, or heat, or energy of moving machin

19、es.利用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)把蒸汽能變成運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器的機(jī)械能，然后再用發(fā)電機(jī)變成電能，電能通過(guò)電線輸送出去，在某一遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)換成光、熱或運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器的能量。10. She obtain the honor by all students for her excellent teaching.她出色的教學(xué)水平贏得了廣大學(xué)生的尊敬。Exercise 3一、利用成分分譯法翻譯下列句子1. A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already.一個(gè)人如果在地

20、球上渡過(guò)了十二天，回到地球以后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。2. Gases are frequently considered to incompressible.通常認(rèn)為氣體是可壓縮的，而液體是不可壓縮的。3. Operation research is a scientific method of providing executive department with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control.運(yùn)籌學(xué)是一種科學(xué)方法，它為執(zhí)行部門(mén)對(duì)掌管的各種活動(dòng)作決定時(shí)提供數(shù)量根據(jù)

21、。4. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed. 古代人曾經(jīng)試圖說(shuō)明虹是怎樣產(chǎn)生的，但沒(méi)有成功。5. There (in Germany)a group of amateur enthusiasts, inspired by dreams of inter- planetary travel, were conducting their own, occasionally fatal, experiments on liquid-fuelled rockets.德國(guó)有一些業(yè)余的火箭愛(ài)好者，在進(jìn)行星

22、旅行時(shí)的夢(mèng)想激勵(lì)下進(jìn)行液體燃燒火箭實(shí)驗(yàn)，它們的實(shí)驗(yàn)有時(shí)是非常危險(xiǎn)的。二、翻譯下列各句，注意被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)部分的譯法。1. Many highly specialized and unusual applications of hydrology have been omitted in favor of detailed presentation of the more general1y applicable techniques.許多高高專業(yè)化的而又罕見(jiàn)的水文學(xué)應(yīng)用的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)被刪除了，以便介紹更多右廣泛應(yīng)用的技術(shù)。2. Although electricity was discovered ab

23、out 2,000 years ago, it came into practical use long after.雖然電是兩千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)的，但過(guò)了很久后才得到廣泛應(yīng)用。3. With the deve1opment of modern electrical engineering, power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.隨著現(xiàn)代電氣工程的發(fā)展，人們能把電力輸送到所需的的任何地方。4. Six medical scientists were honored in 1973 by the Gairdner Foundation of

24、Toronto, Canada, for outstanding research.由于杰出的研究工作，六位科學(xué)家榮獲了加拿大多倫多蓋爾德納基金的頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。三、翻譯下列長(zhǎng)句。2. Today's huge array of machine tools is far superior to those of the Industrial RevolutionIncreasing numbers of machine tools are being controlled by computers，The computers program the machines automatical

25、ly to turn on and off, guide the tool path，change tools，and change speeds and feedsResearch and development will provide even better, more efficient machine tools今天的機(jī)床比工業(yè)革命時(shí)候的機(jī)床要高級(jí)得多，用計(jì)算機(jī)控制的機(jī)床越來(lái)越多，計(jì)算機(jī)能夠通過(guò)編程控制機(jī)床的開(kāi)關(guān)、計(jì)算刀具路徑，更換刀具，改變加工速度和進(jìn)給速度，通過(guò)研究和開(kāi)發(fā)，將會(huì)生產(chǎn)出更好、效率更高的機(jī)床。3. In order to detect the time when a

26、cutting tool should be changed，most modern machines are equipped with indicators that show the horsepower used during the machining operation When a tool becomes dull more horsepower is required for the operationwhich will show on the indicatorWhen this occursthe tool should he reconditioned immedia

27、tely.為了知道什么時(shí)侯該換刀具，大部分現(xiàn)代機(jī)床都安裝了指示器來(lái)顯示切削加工所耗的功率。當(dāng)?shù)毒哂免g時(shí)，加工就需耗更多的功率，并由指示器顯示出來(lái)。一旦發(fā)生這種情況就應(yīng)立即打磨刀具。Exercise 4一、把下列段落翻譯成中文。1. All products that come cut of industry consist of at least one and often many types of materials. The most obvious example is the automobileA car contains a wide variety of materials,

28、ranging from glass to steel to rubber, plus numerous other metals and plastic.工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的一切產(chǎn)品至少都是用一種，經(jīng)常是許多種材料制成的。最明顯的例子便是汽車，生產(chǎn)一輛汽車需用大量不同的材料，包括玻璃、鋼材、橡膠以及許多其他的金屬和塑料。3 Characteristically，metals are opaque，ductile，and good conductor of heat and electricity Plastics(or polymers)，which usually contain light ele

29、ments，and therefore have relatively low density，are generally insulators，and are flexible and formable at relatively low temperaturesCeramics，which contain compounds of both metallic and non metallic elements，are usually relatively resistant to severe mechanicalThermal，and chemical condition.從特點(diǎn)來(lái)看，金

30、屬不透明，有韌性、是熱和電的良導(dǎo)體。塑料(聚合物)通常包含輕元素，因而密度較低，一般為絕緣體，并能在較低溫度下彎折和成形。陶瓷是由金屬和非金屬元素的化合物構(gòu)成，通常能抗惡劣的機(jī)械、溫度和化學(xué)環(huán)境。4 Plastics and ceramics are nonmetals；however，plastics may be machined like metals, Plastics are classified into two typesthermoplastics and thermosets. The thermoplastics can be shaped and reshaped by

31、heat and pressure but thermosets can not be reshaped because they undergo chemical changes as they harden. Ceramics are often employed by e11gineers when materials which call withstand high temperature are needed塑料和陶瓷是非金屬。然而，塑料可象金屬一樣進(jìn)行加工。塑料分成兩類：熱塑塑料和熱固塑料。熱塑塑料可通過(guò)加熱相加壓成形和再成形，而熱固塑料卻由于在硬化過(guò)程中發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化而不能再成

32、形。工程師在需用耐高溫材料時(shí)常常選用陶瓷。Exercise 5一、把下列段落翻譯成中文。1 During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by magnetic chucks.在表面磨削加工過(guò)程中，重的工件或者裝在夾具上或者用壓板或類似的東西壓在機(jī)床工作臺(tái)上，而小

33、的工件通常用磁性卡盤(pán)裝夾。5 As you may expect, the grain size of the abrasive particles(顆粒，微粒) of the wheel plays a fundamental role in determining the quality of ground surface obtained.正如你想的，砂輪顆粒的大小在決定獲得的磨削質(zhì)量起著決定的作用。6. Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting Grinding operations may be classi

34、fied asprecision or nonprecision，depending on the purposePrecision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish，Nonprecison grinding involves the removal of al where accuracy is not important.磨削利用磨粒來(lái)進(jìn)行切削。磨削可根據(jù)不同的目的分為精磨和非精磨。精磨是為了緊公差和高光面修整的磨削，而非精磨是精確度要求不高的金屬切削。Exercis

35、e 6一、把下列段落翻譯成中文。1 The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family，F(xiàn)or turning operations，the lathe uses a singlepoint cutting tool which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece. Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes，such

36、as axes，gear blanks，pulleys，and threaded shaftsBoring. operations are performed to enlargefinish，and accurately 1ocate holes.車床通常被稱為所有機(jī)床之父。在車削操作中，車床用個(gè)單刃切削刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)的工件上進(jìn)行金屬切削。車削用來(lái)切削出不同的圓柱形，如轉(zhuǎn)軸、齒輪毛坯、滑輪、螺紋軸等。鏜削用來(lái)擴(kuò)大、精加工和加工精確定位孔。2 Minning removes metal with a revolvingmultiple cutting edge tool called millin

37、g CutterMilling cutters are made in many styles and sizesSome have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 0r more. Milling can produce flat angled suffices，groves，slots，gearteeth，and other profiles，depending on the shape of the cutters being used.銑削用一個(gè)稱為“銑刀”的旋轉(zhuǎn)多刃刀具進(jìn)行金屬切削。銑刀有不同的式樣和尺寸。有些銑刀只有兩個(gè)

38、刃口，而有些銑刀卻有二十或更多的刃口。銑別可根據(jù)所用的銑刀形狀分別加工平面或斜面、槽口、縫、齒輪齒及其它型面。3. In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation.盡管車床的類型是多種多樣的，但它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理上都有共同的特征。6. It involves pressing two hardened rolls with rough filelike sur

39、faces against the rotating workpiece to cause plastic deformation of the workpiece metal.它通過(guò)用把兩個(gè)象粗銼刀表面一樣的硬的滾輪壓在工件上引起工作金屬的塑性變形。Exercise 7一、把下列段落翻譯成中文。1. Jigs and fixtures are alike in that they both incorporate devices to ensure that the workpiece is correctly located and clamped, but they differ in

40、that jigs incorporate means of tool guiding during the actual cutting operation, and fixtures do not.鉆模和夾具是相似的，因?yàn)樵谒鼈兌际菫榻M合裝置用來(lái)保證工件能夠被正確的定位和夾緊，但是它們也有有所區(qū)別，鉆模在實(shí)際加工過(guò)程中具有導(dǎo)向作用而夾具沒(méi)有。4. The workpiece must be supported beneath the point of clamping, to ensure that the forces are taken by the main frame of the jig or fixture, and on to