城巿景觀的空間形態(tài).

1、Spatial Patterns in Urban Landscapes 城巿景觀的空間形態(tài)Definition of Urban Morphology城巿形態(tài)的定義- The physical arrangement or structure of cities城巿結(jié)構(gòu)及外形排列景觀- It involves landuse pattern, building blocks, densities and functions包活土地用途的模式，樓宇，密度和功能Factors influencing Urban Morphology 影響城市形態(tài)的因素1.Site Factors 位置因素- P

2、hysical terrain 自然地形e.g. river valley 河谷， Coastal low land 沿岸平地， mountain 高山2.Historical Factors 歷史因素- inertia 慣性- reputation 聲譽(yù)，social segregation 社會(huì)分隔 (ethnic groups 民族，different income group 不同收入組別 )- European colonialism in Asian countries歐洲殖民主義在亞洲國(guó)家的影響3.Functional Factors 功能因素- dominant functio

3、n of the city 城市的主要功能e.g. Canberra is the capital of Australia坎培拉是澳洲首都Shanghai has multiple functions上海擁有多種功能4.Government Influence 政府影響- urban planning 城巿規(guī)劃， urban design 城巿?jiān)i計(jì)e.g.Canberra in Australia is planned to be a garden city澳洲坎培拉被設(shè)計(jì)成美國(guó)城巿Shatin is planned to be a sufficient new town 沙田被規(guī)劃成自給自

4、足新巿鎮(zhèn)5.Social Values 社會(huì)價(jià)值- Community pressure may lead to the preservation of parts社團(tuán)壓力可保護(hù)公園的存在6.Economic Forces 經(jīng)濟(jì)力量- Economic circulation leads to differentiation and concentration of major functions經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)流引玫主要功能的分化集中- land use competition土地利用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)-Accessibility 能達(dá)度and land values 地值- Different bid-rent

5、ability 不同付租能力Landvalues地值 /Accessibility 可達(dá)度Distance from mkt與巿場(chǎng)距離The Urban Land Rent Concept and Distance Decay Mechanism 地租及隨距遞減概念1. Areas of high accessibility 可達(dá)度高的地區(qū)a) Centre of city 城市中心： Peak 高峰b) Major Traffic routes 主要交通幹線： Ridges 脊c) Traffic intersection 交通滙點(diǎn)： secondary peak 次峰PeakridgesS

6、econdaryPeak- Consulates 領(lǐng)事館- Trade commission 貿(mào)易委員會(huì)3.because 因?yàn)? they provide high-valued goods or professional services- 提供高價(jià)值商品或?qū)I(yè)服務(wù)- They are supported by a large market- 有龐大巿場(chǎng)支持- They have high business turnover- 商業(yè)回報(bào)高4.Major Urban land use 主要城市土地用途- Commercial land use 商業(yè)土地用途- Industrial land

7、use 工業(yè)土地用途- Residential land use 住宅土地用途Rental values model 組值模式2.Urban land users found in C.B.D. 城巿土地使用者- high order commercial retail businesses and services- 高等級(jí)零售業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)- Government offices 政府機(jī)構(gòu)5.Bid-rent ability出價(jià)能力BidCRent出價(jià)IRxyCity 巿Distance from Centre- Commercial land user can occupy the land

8、 from the city centre to point x- 商業(yè)用地能佔(zhàn)領(lǐng)由城巿中心至 x 點(diǎn)土地- From point x to y, industrial land user can successfully bid for the use of land- 從 x 點(diǎn)至 y，工業(yè)用地能成功佔(zhàn)用土地- Beyond point y, residential land use is dominant.- 越過(guò) y 點(diǎn)，住宅用地為主Variation in the Bid Rent for Residential Use.巿內(nèi)住宅用地的不同出價(jià)情況1.Suburbanization

9、巿郊化Centre中心距離BidRent出價(jià)Residential商Concentric model同心環(huán)模式工業(yè)住宅CentreDistance中心City 巿距離- Residential bid rents rise towards the outskirts of the city- 朝城巿外圍，住宅用地出價(jià)不斷上升Because 因?yàn)? Blighting of inner city areas gives a less desirable environment- 內(nèi)城衰落今居住環(huán)境不理想- Increasing value is placed on nearness to ope

10、n space- 接近空曠地方的住宅環(huán)境價(jià)值增加- Suburban regional shopping centres tend to take away, some of the trade from the city centre- 巿郊的購(gòu)物中心，吸引更多顧客2. Desirable sites 理想位置Waterfront position 海濱， elevated 高地 Bushland setting 林景Major Models of Urban Structure主要城巿結(jié)構(gòu)模式- Concentric Model 同心環(huán)模式- Sector Model 扇形模式- Multiple-Nuclei Model 多核心模式Delimiting the C.B.D. 商業(yè)中心區(qū)的定CBHI ：T