初一英語需要掌握的三種時(shí)態(tài)(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 be ( am / is / are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞.二、 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：1.大多數(shù)動詞后可在動詞后直接加-ing Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking2. 如果動詞以-e結(jié)尾,則去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-coming , have

2、-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using3. 如果動詞只有一個(gè)元音字母,而其后跟有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),將此輔音字母雙寫,再加-ing如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting4. 如果動詞有兩個(gè)音節(jié),且重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上,則末尾的輔音字母須雙寫,再加-ing,如: forget-forgetting,prefer-preferring,upset-upsetting試比較 benefit/benfiting, diff

3、er/differing,profit/profiting,這些詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上,因此其末尾的輔音字母不雙寫5. 以 -ic 結(jié)尾的動詞,應(yīng)先把 -ic 變?yōu)?-ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊變化要記住三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式、否定形式、疑問形式及其回答,所有變化都體現(xiàn)在助動詞 be ( is / am / are ) 上1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式：主語+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . Th

4、ey are writing .2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式:主語+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They arent writing .3）一般疑問句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主語+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you arent .Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they arent .4)特殊疑問句及回答:特殊疑問詞+be(am/ is/are)+主語+doing+其他成分What are you d

5、oing ? We are playing (要求就提問內(nèi)容具體回答).2. 縮寫形式如下:I am-Im You are-Youre He is-Hes She is-Shes It is-Its We are-Were They are-Theyre3.說明: 不是所有動詞都能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的,如：see、like、want、know 等動詞往往都不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)四用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情往往與 now,at the moment,just 等副詞連用,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one

6、s knocking at the door2.正在進(jìn)行著的動作可視為未完成的動作：Hes talking to his friends in the classroom.可用 still 一詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性Hes still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時(shí)動作未必正在進(jìn)行Mr. Black is writing another article.Dont take that book away. Your fathers using it.She is learning piano under Mr. B

7、lack.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示不會長期發(fā)生的動作或情況,或被認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的情況：Whats your brother doing these days? Hes studying English at Oxford University.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以用來表示當(dāng)前的動向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示漸變的動詞有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等The leaves are turning brown.Its getting colder

8、and colder.7.與always,constantly,forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩You are always changing your mind.8. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(以及 be going to）可以表示為將來安排好的活動和事件 Were spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫行 程安排,也通常有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意思： Hes arriving tomorrow morning.9.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)過多時(shí),則有時(shí)含

9、有抱怨,討厭,贊揚(yáng)等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we cant fall asleep late at night. 練習(xí) 一.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子:1. _you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.2. _you_(sit) in the boat?3. _he_(talk) with me?4. We_(play) football now.5. What_you_(do)?6. I_(sing) an English song.7. What_he_(mend)?8. He_(mend) a car.9. These boys _

10、 (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother_ (cook) in the kitchen.11. We cant help you,because we _ (have )classes.12. _ the boy _ (write) his homework?13. Look! These butterflies _ (fly) in the sky.14. Listen! The girl _ (sing) in the next room.15. The naughty boy _ (swim) in the river.二.選擇1. L

11、ook. Lucy is_ a new bike today.A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing2. The children _ football.A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a3. They _TV in the evening. They do their homework.A. are watching B. cant watching C. dont watch D. dont watching4. Listen! She_ in the classroom.A. i

12、s singingB. sing C .to sing D. is sing5. _are you eating? Im eating _ meat.A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a6. Is she _ something?A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats7.My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost,dont find B. is missing,dont findC. has lost

13、,havent found D. is missing,havent found.8.Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changedD. will change9. The building_ ,I cant stand the noise.A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. builds10. I cant

14、catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_ all the time.A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed11. Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together.A. has B. are having C. have hadD. had had12. Dont make any noise while the students_ to the class. A. are listening B. lis

15、tened C. have listened D. had listened13. Jack and Ketty_ in the lake. Lets join them,shall we? A. swim B. have swum C. swamD. are swimming14. Look! The children_ basketball on the playground.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing15. The kite_ high in the sky now. It looks like a big bird.A

16、. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew一般過去時(shí)的用法及結(jié)構(gòu)1 一般過去時(shí)的基本用法 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。 【舉例】 I got up at 6:30 yes

17、terday.     我昨天6:30起床。 My father was very busy last week.   我父親上周很忙。 2 一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)  肯定句“主語動詞過去式其他”或者“主語waswere其他”。 【舉例】 I played tennis last weekend.   我上周末打網(wǎng)球了。

18、  My school trip was great.    我的學(xué)校郊游棒極了。  否定句“主語didnt動詞原形其他”或“主語wasntwerent其他”。 【舉例】 The girl didnt play computer games yesterday afternoon.  這個(gè)女孩昨天下午沒玩電子游戲。 Old Henry wasnt 

19、happy last Friday.   上星期五老亨利不高興。  一般疑問句“Did主語動詞原形其他？”肯定回答為“Yes，主語did”，否定回答為“No，主語didnt”或者“WasWere主語其他？”肯定回答為“Yes，主語waswere”，否定回答為“No，主語wasntwerent”。 【舉例】 Did you go to the beach?    你們?nèi)ズ┝藛幔?#160; Yes,

20、0;we did.No, we didnt.    是的，我們?nèi)チ?。不，我們沒有。  Was your weekend OK?    你的周末過得還行吧？  Yes, it was.No, it wasnt.   是的，還行。不，不行。  特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞一般疑問句（順序）？ 【舉例】 What

21、0;did Li Lei do last weekend?   李雷上周末干什么了？  He visited his grandparents.      他去看了他的祖父母。  Where were you yesterday?    你昨天在哪兒？ I was at home

22、.    我在家里。 為了便于記憶行為動詞（實(shí)義動詞）的一般過去時(shí)用法及結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可用以下歌訣來幫助記憶：動詞一般過去時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生事。 謂語動詞過去式，過去時(shí)間作標(biāo)志。 否定形式很簡單，主語之后didnt添。 謂語動詞要還原。疑問構(gòu)成有規(guī)則，主語前面加did。  過去式的構(gòu)成 be動詞和實(shí)義動詞過去式的構(gòu)成：  系動詞be 的過去式有兩種形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的過去式，were 是are的過去式

23、。  規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成： 一般在動詞末尾加ed。 【舉例】walkwalked    playplayed 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞末尾只加d ?！九e例】loveloved  decidedecided 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y ”的動詞。先將y 變?yōu)閕，再加ed 。 【舉例】studystudied   carrycarried 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加ed&

24、#160;。  【舉例】stopstopped   planplanned規(guī)則動詞的過去式構(gòu)成方法可用以下口訣來記憶： 過去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律，一般詞尾加ed 如果詞尾有個(gè)e（不發(fā)音的），只需直接加上d 。 “輔音字母y ”在詞尾，變y為i加ed 。 “一輔重閉”作尾巴，雙寫之后加ed 。 隨堂練習(xí)： 一寫出下列動詞的過去式。 1.amis _   2.do _   3.go

25、0;_   4.have _  5.isnt _   6. arent _  7.spend_   8.cook_ 9.read _   10.clean _  11.live _  12.study_ 二用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列對話。 1. How was your weekend?  It 

26、_ great.  What _ you _ last weekend ?  I _ some homework. 2.  What _ she _ last weekend?  She _ to the beach. 3.  What _ they do last&#

27、160;weekend?  They _ to the movies. 三用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._ y

28、ou _ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _ (be) it yesterday? 5.The old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We _ (have) a party la

29、st night. 7.We _ (visit) the museum and went home. 8. How _ (be) the students?  They were very friendly. 9.He often _ (have) supper at home. Today he 

30、_ (have) supper at school. 10.We had great fun _ (play) in the water. 11.That made me _ (feel) very happy. 12. _ he _ (have) lunch at nine?  No, 

31、he didnt. 13.They _(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1.  He came here last month. (改為否定句)  He _  _ here last month. 2. .They played football this morning. (改為一般疑

32、問句并作簡略回答)  _ they _ football this morning? Yes, they _.No, they _ . 3. They went to Beijing last year. (就劃線部分提問)  _ _ they _ last year. 4. Tom watched 

33、;TV last night. (改為一般疑問句)  _ Tom _ TV last night? 5. Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改寫句子)  Mary _  _  _  _ .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法與結(jié)構(gòu)  1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義及

34、構(gòu)成  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動作。 (1) be(am,is,are)動詞：(作謂語動詞時(shí)) 肯定句:主語+be動詞(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a student.(主語+be動詞+名詞)    They are hungry.（主語+be動詞+形容詞）    He is out.(主語+be動詞+副詞)  &#

35、160; That pen is mine.(主語+be動詞+代詞)    I am fifteen.(主語+be動詞+數(shù)詞)  The bike is under the tree.(主語+be動詞+介詞短語) 運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子  否定句：主語+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。 如：He is 

36、;not a worker.他不是工人。 運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子  一般疑問句：Be(am,is,are) +主語+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?  運(yùn)用am,i

37、s,are寫三個(gè)句子特殊疑問句：疑問詞（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour,）,找句子中有沒有be動詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動詞或者助動詞 （特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be動詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動詞或者助動詞+其他?） (2) 行為動詞：主語+行為動詞+（其它）。

38、（作謂語動詞時(shí)) 1)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，  肯定句為：主語+動詞原形+其它  否定式為：主語+don't+動詞原形+其它  疑問句為：Do+主語+動詞原形+其它？  e.g.   We speak Chinese.  Do you speak Chinese?  -Yes, I do. / No, I don

39、9;t. They don't speak Chinese.  寫三個(gè)句子  2) 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)： (he,she,it,A/An,單獨(dú)的人或事物:Lily/book) 肯定句為:主語+動詞（詞尾加s或es）+其它。  否定式為：主語+doesn't+動詞原形+其它.  疑問句式：Does+主語+動詞原形+其它？  He speaks English. He doesn&

40、#39;t speaks English. - Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 寫三個(gè)句子  特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work? 3)動詞+s的變化規(guī)則(1)一般

41、情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies (3)情態(tài)動詞（作謂語動詞時(shí))(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have 

42、to,need,shall,should,will,would)時(shí)， 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：肯定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。  否定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形 一般疑問句;情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？ Eg:  He can speak English.  Can I help you?  What can I do 

43、for you? 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語聯(lián)用： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays 例句：He usually plays football on Sundays. 一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) talk_forget_hope_stop_perform_play_say buy_worry_fly_study_like_make_take_ love_recite_become_come