考博英語寫作一ppt課件

1、Lecture 1 考博英語寫作概述考博英語寫作概述 注意事項(xiàng)之一注意事項(xiàng)之一字?jǐn)?shù)字?jǐn)?shù) 注意事項(xiàng)之二注意事項(xiàng)之二字跡字跡 注意事項(xiàng)之三注意事項(xiàng)之三考試做題的順序考試做題的順序 注意事項(xiàng)之四注意事項(xiàng)之四三段式結(jié)構(gòu)三段式結(jié)構(gòu) 注意事項(xiàng)之五注意事項(xiàng)之五閱卷人的工作程序閱卷人的工作程序 注意事項(xiàng)之六注意事項(xiàng)之六對(duì)自己有明確定位對(duì)自己有明確定位 注意事項(xiàng)之七注意事項(xiàng)之七考前背誦模板，進(jìn)行填充練習(xí)考前背誦模板，進(jìn)行填充練習(xí) 困境一、滔滔不絕困境一、滔滔不絕“意識(shí)流意識(shí)流”對(duì)策：嚴(yán)格按照三點(diǎn)提綱來寫對(duì)策：嚴(yán)格按照三點(diǎn)提綱來寫困境二、無話可說真難受困境二、無話可說真難受對(duì)策：由具體細(xì)小的、瑣碎的、微不足道的事

2、物所對(duì)策：由具體細(xì)小的、瑣碎的、微不足道的事物所 引發(fā)思考引發(fā)思考困境三、真情流露沒必要困境三、真情流露沒必要對(duì)策：關(guān)注書面表達(dá)能力對(duì)策：關(guān)注書面表達(dá)能力困境四、英語表達(dá)憋得慌困境四、英語表達(dá)憋得慌對(duì)策：要先學(xué)人家怎么表達(dá)對(duì)策：要先學(xué)人家怎么表達(dá), ,再學(xué)會(huì)自己表達(dá)再學(xué)會(huì)自己表達(dá)困境五、處于被動(dòng)危害大困境五、處于被動(dòng)危害大對(duì)策：主動(dòng)把握對(duì)策：主動(dòng)把握, , 不能讓自己陷人被動(dòng)不能讓自己陷人被動(dòng)Lecture 2 應(yīng)用文寫作應(yīng)用文寫作 考研英語短文寫作格式錯(cuò)誤及糾錯(cuò)分析考研英語短文寫作格式錯(cuò)誤及糾錯(cuò)分析 題目的寫法 文章的格式 大小寫方面的錯(cuò)誤 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤及分析句子語法形式上的錯(cuò)誤句子語法形式

3、上的錯(cuò)誤 1、漢語式句子 誤：My English spoken is not good. 正：I am not good at spoken English. Or My spoken English is not good. 2、主謂不一致 誤：One of these houses need repairing. 正：One of these houses needs repairing.3、平行結(jié)構(gòu)誤用 (1) 名詞(短語)平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：The speaker called attention to the beginning and how it ended.正：The speake

4、r called attention to the beginning and end of the movement(2) 形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：He was sympathetic, tolerant, and people respected him.正：He was sympathetic, tolerant, and respected by people.(3) 分詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：The boys were running, shouting and to laugh.正：The boys were running, shouting and laughing. (4) 動(dòng)名詞平行結(jié)

5、構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：誤：Jane prefers singing to dance. 正：正：Jane prefers singing to dancing.(5) 動(dòng)詞不定式平行結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：誤：To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing. 正：正：To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing.(6) 副詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)副詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：誤：The work is handsome and skillful

6、ly done. 正：正：The work is handsomely and skillfully done. (7) 短語平行結(jié)構(gòu)短語平行結(jié)構(gòu) 誤：誤：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and being able. 正：正：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.4、斷裂句 誤: I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday, Trying to find a garage to repair my car. 正:

7、 I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday, trying to find a garage to repair my car.5、懸垂修飾語 誤：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.正：After sitting up half the night, I finished my term paper.主要存在問題：主要存在問題：(1) 不會(huì)審題，偏離主題。不會(huì)審題，偏離主題。(2) 用漢語思維，逐字翻譯。用漢語思維，逐字翻譯。(3) 用詞搭配不當(dāng)。用詞搭

8、配不當(dāng)。(4) 詞匯量小，表達(dá)困難，拼寫錯(cuò)誤。詞匯量小，表達(dá)困難，拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(5) 句子邏輯關(guān)系混亂。句子邏輯關(guān)系混亂。 例如：例如： Our English class often told stories. 應(yīng)改為：應(yīng)改為：We often told stories in our English class. (6) 不會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)承上下句子和段落。例：People learn English to use it, some learn it to study or work abroad. Other learn it to read books and magazines in En

9、glish or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用適當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，改進(jìn)為：People learn English for practical purpose: some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English.(7) (7) 語法錯(cuò)誤。語法錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為：語法錯(cuò)誤。語法錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為：l l 分不清及物與不及物動(dòng)詞分不清及物與不及物動(dòng)詞l l 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與主動(dòng)語態(tài)的誤用被動(dòng)語態(tài)與主

10、動(dòng)語態(tài)的誤用l l 詞類混淆，將動(dòng)詞或形容詞誤作名詞用，將詞類混淆，將動(dòng)詞或形容詞誤作名詞用，將名詞或動(dòng)詞誤名詞或動(dòng)詞誤 作形容詞用作形容詞用l l 混淆可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混淆可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞l l 冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞等方面的錯(cuò)誤冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞等方面的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)用文寫作應(yīng)用文寫作Writing Exercise 1 (P12)You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roo

11、mmate always has friends visiting. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college to 1) ask for a new room next term2) explain your reasons, and 3) want a single room.Writing Exercise 2Directions:You traveled by plane last week and your suitcase was lost. You have still heard nothing fro

12、m the airline company. Write a letter to the airline to1) explain what happened,2) describe your suitcase, and3) find out what they are going to do about it.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need

13、to write the address. (10 points)Writing Exercise 3 Directions:You saw an advertisement seeking tour guides for a local travel agency. Write a letter to the personnel department to state1) your interest in the job2) why you are qualified,3) when you can start the job.You should write about 100 words

14、 on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Writing Exercise 4Directions:You planned to attend your friends birthday party. However, something emergent happened and you were not able to join the party

15、. Write a letter to 1) explain the emergency you met,2) express your apology,3) tell how you will make up for it. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)一、選詞一、選詞1

16、1 多用近義詞：多用近義詞：I think/believe/argue/maintain/insist/deem/hold I think/believe/argue/maintain/insist/deem/hold that, As I see it, In my opinion, From my that, As I see it, In my opinion, From my standpoint, standpoint, solve/cope with/deal with/put an end solve/cope with/deal with/put an end to/tackl

17、ethe problemto/tacklethe problemis important/is of the utmost importanceis important/is of the utmost importancetake pride in/be proud oftake pride in/be proud ofThis product enjoys a good market in that market. This product enjoys a good market in that market. (This product sells well in that marke

18、t.) (This product sells well in that market.) 寫作準(zhǔn)備寫作準(zhǔn)備 (P2026)2區(qū)分具體與抽象的詞 籠統(tǒng) 詳細(xì)good kind, honest, generous, warm-hearted, selfless, friendlylaugh smile, chuckle, sniggerscientist physicist, biologist, chemistfish shark, salmon, perch, eeltree shrub, bush, pollard, oak, plane, pine, willow3善于使用代詞A sci

19、entist draws conclusions by studying the facts he collects.Such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements should be firmly kept in mind. 二、造句1 英文的基本句型1主+系+表：I am a university student. / I feel proud of myself. / The leaves turn green when spring comes.2主+動(dòng)+（狀）：I study very hard. / I have pr

20、epared for the NETEM for a long time.3主+動(dòng)+賓：I read English books. / Ive memorized all the words in the word list.4主+動(dòng)+賓+賓：Prof. Kang gave me a lot of assignments every day. / I wrote my teacher a letter yesterday.5主+動(dòng)+賓+補(bǔ)：The little boy found the box empty. / Well make our country greener and more b

21、eautiful.2 英文句子的特性1完好：English is a language, language is something used to communicate with other people.2統(tǒng)一：My trouble is that I cannot speak English fluently and I like English very much.3多樣：She felt nervous and frightened. She took out the key and unlocked the door.4簡潔：After five months of hard w

22、ork, she finally returned back to her home.5有效：It is very interesting because it brings me peace, love and beauty. (It is like a magic paradise filled with peace, love and beauty.)三、段落1 段落的特性1） 單一：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry. Wherever we turn we find pollution: pollut

23、ed air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment. As we know, this is threatening the very survival of the human race.2） 連接：In order to know what the weather will be, special people are hired to provide this information. These people are called weathermen. They work in a weather station every day. Some of them observe the weather; the others analyze weather information; and still others make forecast about the weather. It is known that their work can save thousands of lives and millions of dollars in property damage.3） 過渡：The tradition