小升初 代詞 講解及練習(xí)

1、代 詞 本講內(nèi)容內(nèi)容基本要求代詞1.人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、2.指示代詞、疑問代詞和關(guān)系代詞3.不定代詞 語法考點(diǎn)代詞代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞等。1. 人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞。1）人稱代詞表示“我，你，他，她，它，你們，他們”的詞叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩類，有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。 人稱代詞的形式如下表：人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyou

2、youhimheritthem兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并用時(shí)，從禮貌上講通常按下列排序： 單數(shù)代詞：you he, she I如：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I.2）物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞用在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，使用時(shí)后面不能再加名詞。如：This is my schoolbag.That is his bike=That is his.物主代詞的形式如下：人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)物主代詞形容詞性my

3、ouryouryourhisherItstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshishersItstheirs3）反身代詞表示“我（們）自己”、“你（們）自己”、“他/她/它（們）自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。在句中作賓語、同位語、表語等。如：Im not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。(作表語I myself made a mistake. 我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。(作I 同位語反身代詞的形式如下：人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthems

4、elves巧記口訣反身代詞構(gòu)成并不難，單數(shù)詞尾-self記心間。第三人稱賓格加在前，其余物主開頭用在先。復(fù)數(shù)形式如何變，f要用ves來替換。說明：1. 反身代詞單數(shù)詞尾都有-self，復(fù)數(shù)詞尾都有-selves。 2. 第三人稱都由人稱代詞賓格+self或selves構(gòu)成。第一、二人稱反身代詞都是形容詞性物主代詞+self或selves構(gòu)成。熱身練習(xí)根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. -Is this watch? (she-No, it isnt . (she2. Its easy work. We can do it all by . (we3. Neither of is a d

5、river. (they4. A friend of will come to see . (I5. There are much more trees in our school than in . (they2. 指示代詞、疑問代詞和關(guān)系代詞。1）指示代詞是表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主語、賓語、主語補(bǔ)語、介詞賓語等。如：This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。（作主語）I like this better than that. 比起那個(gè)我更喜歡這個(gè)。（作賓語）

6、My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。（作主語補(bǔ)語）There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。（作介詞賓語）指示代詞例句單數(shù)thisThis girl is Mary.thatThat is Mary.復(fù)數(shù)theseThese men are my teachers.thoseThose are my teachers.2）疑問代詞有 whowhom 誰（指人）；whose誰的；which哪一個(gè)，哪一些；what什么。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。如：Who's that?3）關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which用來引

7、導(dǎo)定語從句。如：The money thatwhich is on the table is mine. 桌上的錢是我的。關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，它的作用如下表：作用例句代表定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞This is the man who gave me the book.這就是給我書的那個(gè)人。在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分The money thatwhich my mother gave me is on the table. 我媽媽給我的錢在桌上。熱身練習(xí)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。1. - is one the wall of your classroom? -There is a m

8、ap of China.2. - are you waiting for here? -Our friends.3. -Excuse me, is the way to the station? - Sorry, I dont know.4. Could you tell me dress is better, the red one or the white one?5. -Do you know dictionary it is? -I think its Lilys.6. - is on duty today? -I am.7. - do you like about America?

9、-The people and the food.8. - handwriting is the best in Class One? -Li Leis.9. - is her aunt? -She is a nurse.10. - do you prefer, tea or milk? -I prefer tea.3. 不定代詞。不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常用不定代詞有： some, any, all, none, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, much, many, few, lit

10、tle, one等。 some, any1）some 一些，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。 (1在肯定句中用some。 (2some用于其他句式中: a. 肯定疑問句中：說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。 Would you like句式中，表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議。 Would you like some coffee? b. 在條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時(shí)， If you need some help, let me know. c. some位于主語部分。 Some students haven't been there before.2）any 一些 a

11、ny 多用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。當(dāng)句中含有“任何”的意思時(shí)，any可用于肯定句。如：Here are three novels. You may read any.這有三本小說，你可任讀一本。4. few, little, a few, a little可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞含義fewlittle否定含義，還有一點(diǎn)a fewa little肯定含義，沒有多少了例如： He has a few friends. 他有幾個(gè)朋友。 He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 There is littl

12、e time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。5. Many，much單詞“許多”區(qū)別例句many+可數(shù)名詞How many people are there at the meeting?much+不可數(shù)名詞How much time has we left?固定搭配: only a few (=few not a few (=many quite a few (=many many a (=many 如：many books were sold. 賣出了許多書。many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。many，much前可有so, too, how等詞進(jìn)行修飾。如：Th

13、ere are too many mistakes in your diary.So many people are waiting for the bus.Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got too much work to do.熱身練習(xí)選擇括號(hào)中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. I have many pears. I can give you . (any, some2. Is there meat in the fridge? (any, some3. If you have questions, please ask me. (any, so

14、me4. He has friends. He always stays at home. (few, a few5. He hasnt money now. (many, much一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. bag is in the desk.A. Mine B. My C. He D. Hers2. The black shoes are .A. my B. your C. his D. her3. They can teach English.A. them B. their C. they D. themselves4. They have to do work.A. many B. muc

15、h C. none D. lot of7. Can I have meat? Sorry, you cant have meat.A. any, any B. some, some C. some, any D. any, some8. -Would you like a bag of rice? -Yes, I have rice at home.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few9. My sisters and I are interested in music.A. all B. both C. neither D. other 13. I _

16、Mary 300 last week.A .lent B .borrowed C. borrow D. lend二、選擇括號(hào)中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. The film is not interesting. people like it. (A few, Few3. There are thirty students in Class Two. of them are Young Pioneers. (Both, All4. is here, so we can begin our meeting. (Anyone, Everyone5. She eats many vegetables and meat every day. (little, few）1. Womens day is on the e day of M .2. Thursday is the f day of the week in the UK.3. Do you usually make a shopping list(清單 b you go shopping.4. Christmas is the most important festiva