情態(tài)動詞+have done 結(jié)構(gòu)

1、情態(tài)動詞+have+done一、 “must+have+done”表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人說話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。二、 “can't+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing

2、, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了。三、 “can+have+done”表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過嗎？”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Wh

3、ere can they have gone? 到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？四、 “could+have+done”是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。五、 “may+have+done”表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George?I don't know. He may have got lost.喬治發(fā)生了什么事

4、？我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、 “might+have+done”表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績。七、 “would+have+done”虛擬語氣，表示對過去

5、事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來會做”。1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助，我是不會取得如此大的成績。八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做?！?“shouldn't+have+done”表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含意。

6、1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，湯姆哭了，我本來不應(yīng)該對他如此嚴(yán)厲。九、 “ought to+have+done”表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday

7、. 我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。十、 “need+have+done”表示本來需要做某事而沒有做?！皀eedn't+have+done”則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。1.I needn't have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個人。2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have miss

8、ed the train. 他本來需要快點(diǎn)去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車?！扒閼B(tài)動詞have done”表示對過去情況的推測或估計(jì)，是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)就這一語言現(xiàn)象作如下歸納：1 should (ought to) have過去分詞 表示過去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒有做的事情,含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應(yīng)該”；其否定形式為“should notought not to have 過去分詞”，表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up.     （04廣西卷

9、）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析本題中的一個關(guān)鍵詞but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理應(yīng)到了，而他沒有到”。故答案選A。2neednt have過去分詞表示過去沒有必要做某事, 但實(shí)際上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_ have come this morning.      (06陜西卷)A. maynt   

10、0;      B. cant          C. mustnt        D. neednt解析 He needn't have come，表示“他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）”，根據(jù)句意，答案應(yīng)選D。注意 He didn't need to come yesterday，意為“他昨天沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）”。3must have過去分詞用于肯定句，表示“過去一定做過某事

11、”，表示一種很有把握的推測。注意 對過去發(fā)生情況的否定推測常用cantcouldnt have 過去分詞。I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere .         （05北京春季）A. must drop               B. must have droppedC. must be dropping  

12、0;     D. must have been dropped解析本題應(yīng)選B。本題的前一句說明一個結(jié)果，后一句則表示一個原因。I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷）A. shouldn't          B. couldn't          C. mustn'

13、t       D. needn't解析從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結(jié)論。故本題選B 。 4maymight have過去分詞表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測，表示“過去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“過去可能還沒有做某事”。We        have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten y

14、ears.                                          (06天津卷)A. neednt      B

15、. may not        C. shouldnt          D. mustnt     Key:B5cancould have過去分詞 表示“過去本來可以做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑問句表示“可能也許已做了某事嗎？”。- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .- Oh, did you? You with Barbara

16、                      (NMET98)A. could have stayed       B. could stayC. would stay             D. must have stayed 

17、;               Key: A鞏固性練習(xí)：從A、B、C、D中選擇最佳答案。1-You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited          B. neednt haveC. did

18、nt need to               D. should wait2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.   A. could   B. might   C. should   D. must3-May I speak to your manager Mr

19、. Smith at six oclock tonight ?”-“Im sorry, Mr. Smith         to a conference before then.”A. will have gone                 B. had gone      C. would have

20、 gone                 D. has gone4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must          

21、60;    B. may               C. can                D. should5- Was it you that made the suggestion?- It        have been. I ca

22、nt remember.A. need                 B. must                 C. should            

23、;     D. may6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken             B. could have takenC. needn't have taken        &#

24、160;   D. mustn't have taken7He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could                            B. would      

25、;                    C. must                     D. need8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She       at the meeting .    A. mustnt have spoken    B. mightnt have spoken    C. cant have spoken        D. shouldnt have spoken9- Hi, is that Peter Brown?-Sorry. You _ the wrong num