高中語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞兩要點(diǎn);動(dòng)詞原形跟后面,說(shuō)話語(yǔ)氣較委婉,can表"能力"may"許可",must"責(zé)任"或"義務(wù)",否定回答"needn't"換;should"應(yīng)該",would"愿",have to "被迫"表客觀. 注釋:對(duì)must構(gòu)成的一般疑問(wèn)句作否定回答只能用needn't.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, wil

2、l (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ) 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（體力） Mary can speak three languages.（知識(shí)） Can you skate?（技能） 此時(shí)可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon.

3、 當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過(guò)努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問(wèn)句中還可用could, might代替，不是過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im a

4、fraid not. ) 3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和感嘆句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比 may語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去式。否定回答時(shí)可用cant 或

5、mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問(wèn)句）。 might不是過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very

6、 busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必須、必要。 You must come here on time. 在回答引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法， 而have to則強(qiáng)

7、調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。 1 His play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句） 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3. The road is wet. It must have rained last n

8、ight. 馬路濕了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加完成式，說(shuō)明對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)，表示“一定”或“準(zhǔn)是”的意思。） 四、need need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 3) need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。1.The house needs to be painted.2. The

9、 house needs painting.3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾) 3. He shall be punished.(威脅) 六、 will, w

10、ould 1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would n

11、ot heal. 4) 表示估計(jì)和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語(yǔ)氣重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句中常用should。 1. You should / oug

12、ht to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推測(cè) should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè))。 1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 總結(jié)一、猜測(cè): must, may, might, can,

13、 couldmust只能用于肯定句,非?？隙ǖ牟聹y(cè)may只能用于肯定句,表示可能的猜測(cè)can只能用于否定/疑問(wèn)句,過(guò)去時(shí)用couldshould 表示預(yù)測(cè)“應(yīng)當(dāng)”二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式的?？键c(diǎn)有：mustnt 禁止、嚴(yán)禁、不準(zhǔn)neednt 不必要、沒(méi)必要(=dont have to)cant不可能may not可能不、或許不shouldnt不應(yīng)該（=ought not to )三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),批評(píng),反悔等意should have done 本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)做ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)做could have done 本可以做而沒(méi)做

14、neednt have done不必做的做了may/ might have done可能做了某事(猜測(cè))must have done一定做了(猜測(cè))cant have done一定沒(méi)有做(猜測(cè))練習(xí)題1)A computer _think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. cou

15、ld D. was able to3)-Where is my uncle, Mary? -He _ in the bedroom.A. must have been B. must be C. may have been D. should have been4)Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will5) -That must be a mistake. -No, it _ a mistake.A. must not be B. neednt be C. can

16、 not be D. would not be6) Its nearly 7 oclock. Dad _ come home soon.A. can B. could C. would D. should7)-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert tonight. A. must B. would C. should D. might8)You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mu

17、stnt C. neednt9)Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt, must D. cant; shouldnt10).I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been11).I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the

18、 meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken12).I cant find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. Where _ he have gone?A. must B. can C. should D. need高考考題:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B.

19、 might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as we

20、ll. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could6. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to7. That big c

21、inema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to8. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should9. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can10. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to s

22、ee me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont11. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.  A. can  B. could  C. must  D. would13. "Mus

23、t I drive to his house and pick up the children?"   "No, _ ."  A. you shouldn't B. you might not   C. you needn't   D. you mustn't14. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He _it.  A. mustn't have attended  B. cannot have at

24、tended  C. needn't have attended  D. would have not attended15. We _ play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge.  A. had better B. would better  C. would rather  D. had rather16. There is someone knocking at the door. _ it be Tom?  A.

25、can  B. must  C. should  D. ought to17. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you _ worry about parking.    A. must not  B. may not  C. should not  D. don't have to18.-Is John c

26、oming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考題） A. must B. can C. need D. may19.It has been announced that candidates(候選人)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考題） A. can B.will C. may D. shall20.-I heard they went skiing in the mount

27、ains last winter. -It _ true because there was little snow there. (2002北京高考題） A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be情態(tài)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)化練習(xí) (作業(yè))1.May I sit beside you, sir? - No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 2.- _ I speak to Mary, please? -Sorry, she_ com

28、e to the phone because she isnt in.A. Might; wont B. Cant; mustnt C. May; cant D. Couldnt; shouldnt3. - I want to know if I _ smoke here. - No, you_ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?A. can; neednt B. must; cant C. shall; wont D. may; mustnt4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. S

29、he always _ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D. has to5. - _ you pass me the English magazine, please? - Sure. Here you are.A. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might6. -Must I go to work with you? - No, you_. Linda _ go with me.A. mustnt; can B. cant; has to C. darent; should D. neednt; may7. - _ I te

30、ll Mary the test results? - No, you_. Shes already got the score. A. Will; wont B. Shall; neednt C. May; mustnt D. Can; dont8. You _ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights arent working.A. might B. ought to C. could D. may9. -Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course you_.A.will B. sh

31、ould C. can D. need10. Joan_ come with us this afternoon, but she isnt very sure yet. A. can B. may C. must D. will11. I _ ask you the question because I think I _ be wrong.darent; must B. mustnt; can C. neednt; may D. cant; should12. Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B.

32、 has to C. should D. can13. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to14.-What do you think of this answer? -I dont think it _ be right.A.should B. might C. must D. can15. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _. He li

33、kes driving his car.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. mustnt16. He doesnt have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, _ you?A. dont B. havent C. havent got D. cant17. You_ wake me up when I fall asleep, _ you?A. havent better; have B. would not rather; would C. had better not; should D. had not better

34、; must18. -Why! I couldnt get you on the phone this morning. - We _ tennis in the yard when you phone me.A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played19. - We didnt see him at the lecture. - Neither did anybody else. He _ it.A. may not have attended B. mustnt

35、 attend C. cant have attended D. couldnt attend20. -I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan. -Really? You _ have come by bus.A. could B. must C. may D. should21. - Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall? - I cant remember it well, but _ it have been sometime last May?A. s

36、hould B. must C. could D. would22. -I wonder why Mr Lin didnt come to work. - He_ have been ill.A. neednt B. should C. might D. can23. -No one passed the mathematics examination today. -I guess we _ the exercise last night.A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed24. S

37、he_ the hospital so soon, for she hasnt yet recovered.A. wouldnt have left B. shouldnt have left C. neednt leave D. hadnt left25. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have driven B. cant have driven C. must have driven D. shouldnt ha

38、ve driven.26. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whose _ it be?A. must B. may C. should D. can27. It is surprising that he _ have been so foolish.A. must B. could C. should D. can28. It must have rained last night, _ it? A. mustnt B. cant C. hasnt D. didnt29.-Will you stay for lunch? - Sorry, I _. My brother is coming to see me. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont30. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.