并列復(fù)合句與主從復(fù)合句

1、并列復(fù)合句與主從復(fù)合句一、 并列復(fù)合句“二步”學(xué)習(xí)法并列復(fù)合句（簡(jiǎn)稱并列句）與主從復(fù)合句（簡(jiǎn)稱復(fù)合句）的區(qū)別是：并列句用并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子，并表示句子與句子之間的并列關(guān)系。復(fù)合句是一個(gè)完整的句子，用連接詞連接的從句充當(dāng)句子的某一個(gè)成分，是主從關(guān)系。試比較： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （兩個(gè)句子之間是并列關(guān)系，沒有從屬關(guān)系，所以是并列復(fù)合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和后面的主句有主從關(guān)系，從句從屬于主句

2、，所以是主從復(fù)合句）二、 掌握并列復(fù)合句的連詞并列句的連詞由單個(gè)連詞和連詞詞組兩部分組成。1、 由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列連詞把連個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來而成為并列復(fù)合句。2、 由并列連詞詞組連接成的并列復(fù)合句。常用的并列連詞詞組有not only but also . , eitheror , neither nor , notbut , bothand , as well as等等三、 主從復(fù)合句“二步”學(xué)習(xí)法 主從復(fù)合句中的從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句等6種。前四種均相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞的作用-名詞性從句。名詞性從句

3、、定語從句和狀語從句第一步、掌握復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)以下采用線條和圖示的方法介紹復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)：說明：主句：_從句：連接詞： 1.主語從句的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 連接詞謂_Who are the winners hasnt been announced .It謂_ 連接詞 It hasnt been announced who are the winners .主語從句是整個(gè)句子作主語，他可以放在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞之前（結(jié)構(gòu)），但多數(shù)情況是it做形式主語（結(jié)構(gòu)），而把主語從句放在主句之后。如果主語從句太長(zhǎng)，顯得笨重，這是我們就采用結(jié)構(gòu)這種it作形式主語的主從復(fù)合句有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)： It is n. that It i

4、s adj. that It is 過去分詞 從句 It vt. 賓語 從句It worried /shocked/surprised/delightedthat或It makes no difference that /whetherIt worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey .It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was .It makes no difference to me whether he goes there or not . It v. 從句It m

5、ade adj. thatIt happens/happened that It seems/seemed thatIt appears/appeared that It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question .It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .)2.表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu) _系 連接詞The question is whether they have eno

6、ugh time .表語從句：位于系動(dòng)詞之后，整個(gè)句子作表語的句子。表語從句對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，是主語的內(nèi)容具體化。表語的從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，顯著特點(diǎn)是從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后。China is no longer what is used to be .He looked just as he had looked ten years before .It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door .Thats because he didnt understand me .Thats why he got angry with me .3.賓語從句

7、的兩種種結(jié)構(gòu)： _動(dòng)、行、介 連接詞 _動(dòng) it （adj./n.） 連接詞Do you know where the boy lives .Im interested in what you said at the meeting .We are glad (that) youve come to join us .The boy has made it clear that he wont give up .We feel it a pity that you wont join us in the game .賓語從句：就是整個(gè)從句作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和少數(shù)形容詞的賓語。當(dāng)賓語從句之后帶有形

8、容詞、名詞等，一般用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放到句末，此時(shí)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that不能省略。注:從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，賓語從句特別要注意的是語序和時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句要用陳述句的語序。是太主要取決于主句的時(shí)態(tài)。主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。但主句是過去時(shí)，從句除了表示客觀真理可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)外，一律用過去時(shí)態(tài)。Could you tell me what time it is now ?Nobody knows where she lives .Do you know when they will come back to school ?Mother said that she would buy me a

9、 bag .When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company .4.定語從句的三種結(jié)構(gòu)_先行詞 連接詞This is the pen that I bought last week ._先行詞 ，連接詞He gave her mother a watch for her birthday , which pleased her a lot .定語從句：整個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾先行詞（名詞、代詞或句子）。結(jié)構(gòu)上分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。學(xué)生常會(huì)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤：Do you know the girl is stand

10、ing under the tree ?The boy , often come here to see me , is my brother .The stamp that you give it to me ia valuable .5.同位語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，同位語從句和定語從句完全一樣.區(qū)別：同位語從句解釋說明先行詞（一般是一些比較抽象的名詞）的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)詞是that，不能用which（引導(dǎo)詞后還有其他詞），that不充當(dāng)任何成分：而定語從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，一般情況下that和which都行，而且在句中充當(dāng)成分。This is the news which/that our

11、neighbor told us .This is the news that our team won the game .His suggestion that well go for a visit on Saturday is very much .His suggestion that/which he put forward at the meeting is very much .6.狀語從句的兩種結(jié)構(gòu) 連接詞 ，_Because he was very busy , he didnt come here . _ 連接詞He didnt come here because he

12、was very busy .狀語從句：整個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等。因此我們可以把狀語從句稱作副詞性從句。狀語從句分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因條件目的結(jié)果讓步方式和比較狀語從句從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，表示地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較的狀語從句只能謂語句末。但有些（并非全部）表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因的狀語從句既可以謂語句首，也可以位于句末。位于句首時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。I was watching TV when my mother came in .= when my mother came in ,I was watching TV .If you put your h

13、eart into study ,you will make good progress .=you will make good progress if you put heart into study .Although /Though he is very young ,he knows a lot .=he knows a lot although/though he is very young .Young as he is ,he knows a lot .The man was very happy because he had found his lost car .=Beca

14、use he had found his lost car , the man was happy .狀語從句常見錯(cuò)誤：誤:Although/though he is over seventy , but he is strong .Although/though he is over seventy , yet he is strong . he is strong . he is still strong 。Although/though均為連詞，不能再重復(fù)用力按此but ，但可以用副詞yet，still 。類似情況還有because和so不能連用。 誤：I was walking in

15、the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .正：I was walking in the street ，when suddenly I saw my friend Tom正：When I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .誤：Well go boating if it will be fine tomorrow .正：Well go shopping if it is fine tomorrow .正：if it is fine tomorrow Well go shopping .誤：As he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .正：Busy as/though he is ,he is always ready