冠詞名詞的用法

1、冠詞的用法一、不定冠詞的用法1. 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè)，經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí)，用不定冠詞起 介紹作用，表示一個(gè)。I am reading an interesting story.There is a tree in front of my house.2. 代表人或事物的某一種類，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。用來列舉此類人或事物 中的任何一個(gè)都具有某種能力或某種特征。A horse is useful to mankind.A bird can fly.3. 代表所屬的類別，這種用法表示人或事物的身份、性質(zhì)等。My father is a doctor.My wi

2、sh is to become a teacher when I grow up.4. 用在事物的“單位”前，如時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等有意義的名詞之前，表示“每一”We often go to school twice a day.Take this medicine three times a day and very soon you 'll feel better.5. 用力指某人某物，但不具體指任何人或任何物，只說明大體情況。A boy came to see you a moment ago.I got this tool in a shop.We need a car now.

3、She is ill, she has to see a doctor.6. 用于某些固定詞組。a few 幾個(gè) a little 有點(diǎn) a lot of 很多have a good time 玩得高興 have a rest 休息一下She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle.7. 不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。英語中的很多習(xí)慣用法中都含有不定冠詞，一般沒有明確的規(guī)律可遵循，只能通過更多 的積累和反復(fù)的實(shí)踐才能牢固掌握。常見不定冠詞的習(xí)慣短語歸納如下：a moment ago 一會(huì)兒前 twice a

4、 week 每周兩次for a time 一段時(shí)間 in a while 一會(huì)兒后in a moment 一會(huì)兒后 just a moment/minute 一會(huì)兒after a time/while 一段時(shí)間之后二、定冠詞的用法1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for?2. 指上文中已提到過的人或事物或談話雙方都知道的人或事物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15

5、yuan.Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I can 't hear it clearly.3. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的食物（主要指各種天體及世界上比較有影響的物體）或用于自然界 現(xiàn)象。the sun 太陽 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空the world 世界 the winter night 冬夜I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.4. 定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用，表示這一類人或物。The dog i

6、s not dangerous.用法比較A cat has sharp eyes at night. Cats are loved by many people.The cat can catch the mouse. The cats here don't like fish.前三句中的 a cat, cats, the cat 都可表示泛指意義的“貓” ，但之間略有區(qū)別。 a cat 突出 強(qiáng)調(diào)這類事物中的任何一個(gè)；cats突出強(qiáng)調(diào)貓這一群體；the cat是與其他事物相對(duì)照而言的。第四句中的 the cats 是特指。5. 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，表示某一類人。t

7、he poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷者the sick 病人 the deaf 聾子The new is to take the place of the old.6. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾的名詞前。This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.He is the first to come and the last to leave.7. 用于表示具體的地點(diǎn)、方位、具體的時(shí)間或某天的一個(gè)部分等。We have friends all over the world.My parents

8、 live in the peaceful countryside.8. 用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱前。The little girl likes to play the violin. They are going to the cinema tonight.9. 用在報(bào)刊、雜志的名稱的名詞前。I am reading the China Daily now. Have you got the Evening Paper yet?10. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、群島的名稱之前。We live near the Yellow River.The Changjiang River

9、 is the biggest one in China.11. 用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人。The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music.12. 用于某些固定短語中。by the way 順便 join the army 參軍 listen to the radio 聽收音機(jī) tell the truth 說實(shí)話 go to the cinema 去看電影all the same 完全一樣 just the same 完全一樣with the help of 在的幫助下on/over/through

10、the radio 從收音機(jī)上三、不用冠詞的用法1. 專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞。I think water is a kind of food , too.Money is not everything.2. 表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞。It 'stime for breakfast.What do you have for lunch?用法點(diǎn)津： 如果指具體的飲食詞前用定冠詞 the 。The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive . 當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時(shí)常加不定冠詞。We had a rich lunch

11、 yesterday.3. 在季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Year 's Day is coming.Today is the first day of May.Do you like to play football or baseball?4. 在集體的學(xué)科、各種語言前不用冠詞。Can you speak English?It's difficult to learn Physics well.5在家庭、單位、某一組織中處于獨(dú)一無二的地位或職位時(shí)，一般不用

12、冠詞。Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.I usually help my Dad on the farm on Sun days.6名詞前如果出現(xiàn) this, that, this, my, Ja ne's, some, any等限定詞時(shí)，其前不能再加冠詞。This is my address.His camera is like mi ne.7某些固定詞組不用冠詞。by air 乘飛機(jī) on foot 步行at night 晚上after school 放學(xué)后 at home 在家 go to cl

13、ass 上課in fact 事實(shí)上from morning till night從早到晚練習(xí)：1. Tom Hanks is American actor.A. aB. an C. the D.不填2. -Do you enjoy your stay in Han gzhou?-Yes. I ve had wonderful time.A. /B. a C. the D. an3. -Elle n, you look so happy.-Well, I ve got A in my history test.A. aB. an C. the D. /4. Millie has e-dog an

14、d its name is Hobo.A. aB. anC. theD.不填5. -What's this in English?-It's ruler.A. aB. theC.不填15. -Mum, where is my MP3?-It's in black box near the computer.A. aB. anC. theD. /16. -Who is man with glasses?-Oh, he ' our new English teacher, Mr. Li.A. aB. anC. theD. /17. My brother studie

15、s in university. university is very far from here.A. an, The B. a, The C. the, AD. a, A23. -What are you going to be whe n you grow up?-1 hope to be animal doctor when I grow up.A. aB. anC. the D.不填24. -What 'sthe matter with you?-I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a, /B. a, the C. a, a

16、 D. the, the25. -Did you see the football match last ni ght?-Yes, I've never seen exciting match before.A. such a B. so aC. such an D. so an27. My uncle isn ' old man, and he likes playing football.A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, /28. -How far is it from our school to seaside?-It is eig

17、ht-kilometre walk from here.A. the, an B. /, anC. the, aD. /, a29. -Have you seen pen?I left ithere this morning.-Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, the B. the, theC. the, aD. a, a30. There ' dictionary on desk near the window.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. the, the名詞【中考英語語法匯總

18、】名詞語法講解（一）名詞概述名詞用來表示人或事物的名稱。名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞，普通名詞又可分為可數(shù)名 詞和不可數(shù)名詞， 可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式， 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 也不能與不定冠詞連 用。在考試命題中，主要是考察可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分，以及量詞修飾的使用。考試的題 型主要是選擇題和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。另外，名詞的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是區(qū)分 's 和 of 的用法。(二)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理1. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成1) 規(guī)則變化(1 )一般名詞后面加 s。如：mon th-m on ths , bird-birds 。(2) 以 s, ss, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的名詞，后面力

19、口 es。女口： bus-buses , boss-bosses , box-boxes , match-matches ， brush-brushes 。(3) 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞，有的力口 es, 口： patato-patatoes , mango-mangoes, tomato-tomatoes ; 有的力口 s，如：radio-radios , zoo-zoos , piano-pianos 。(4) 以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i再加es。如：factory-factories , city-cities 。 以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加 s，如：toy-toys ，d

20、ay-days。(5) 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞， 變f或fe為v再加es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves (例 外： roof-roofs , chief-chiefs ), scarf-scarfs 或 scarves 。2) 不規(guī)則變化( 1 )改元音字母, 構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 如： man-men, woman-women, foot-feet , fisherman-fishermen , tooth-teeth , mouse-mice (例外： German-Germans, walkman-walkmans,human-humans )。( 2)單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。 如：

21、 sheep-sheep , Chinese-Chinese , Japanese-Japanese , deer-deer , fish-fish 。( 3)詞尾變化。如： child-children 。( 4 )只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,無單數(shù)形式的名詞。如 ;clothes , trousers , glasses , shoes。(5 )以man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要采用雙復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man tourist-mentourists , woman teacher-womenteachers 。2. 名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)1) 可數(shù)名詞：用數(shù)詞直接修飾,如：one book, three

22、 watches , 200 years ；與量詞連用, 量詞與所修飾名詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如： three pairs of shoes , hundreds of years ；與 模糊數(shù)量詞連用，女如： a few relatives ,some people , manyboys ,a lot of/lots of computers， a large number ofstudents 。2) 不可數(shù)名詞： 與量詞連用， 量詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 而不可數(shù)名詞不能有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如： two loavesof bread ，a bottle of water ；與模糊量詞連用，如：some wo

23、rk，a little milk，muchadvice/time/money ，a lot of/lots of news ，a large amount of information。3) 模糊數(shù)量詞修飾可數(shù)名詞，有如下幾個(gè)：many，a few ，few ，a large number of 。4) 模糊數(shù)量詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞，有如下幾個(gè)：much，a little，little ，huge amounts of ，a great deal of 。5) 模糊數(shù)量詞既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，有如下幾個(gè)： some，any，a lot of， lots of ，plenty of

24、 ，enough。3. 名詞所有格1)表示有生命的名詞所有格( 1 )單數(shù)名詞加 's ，如： Peter's bag 。（ 2）詞尾有 s 或 es 的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加“ ' ”，如： the teachers' office 。（ 3）不以 s 或 es 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后仍加“ 's ”，如： Children's Day 。（ 4）表示時(shí)間、距離，如： today's newspaper ， two hours' walk 。2）表示無生命的名詞所有格，用of+ 名詞所有格，如： thefront gate of the City

25、 Hall ，a map of China 。3）表示有生命的名詞所有格，也可用of+名詞所有格，如：afriend of mine,a book of jane's ,a friend of Mary's sister's?！咀⒁狻?Peter and Mary's desk 表示“彼得和瑪麗合用的桌子”Peter's and Mary's desks 表示“彼得和瑪麗各自的桌子”1. Tomorrow I'm going to my. It's a .A aunt.five minutes' walk B aunt&#

26、39;s.five minute's walkC aunt.five minute's walk D aunt's.five minutes' walk【解析】 答案是D。在表達(dá)五分鐘的路程時(shí)用名詞所有格，雖然時(shí)間屬于無生命但表達(dá)時(shí)間、距離、國家所有格時(shí)就用's或s形式，又因?yàn)槲宸昼姷谋磉_(dá)為fiveminutes是復(fù)數(shù)，它的所有格只要后面加 就可以了，那么排除B，C答案，根據(jù)題意 我要去舅媽家"而不是去舅媽”因此又排除 A。2. The two are my.A womans doctors.girls friends B women doct

27、ors.girls friendsC woman doctors.girl friends D women doctors.girl friends【解析】答案是 D。以man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要采用雙復(fù)數(shù)形式，即女醫(yī)生們表達(dá)為womendoctors，這樣可以排除 A、C,而以girl和boy構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只要把后面的合成詞變成復(fù)數(shù)就行了，女朋友們表達(dá)為girlfriends。故D是正確的。3. Which is wrong?A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?B How much carton o

28、f milk is there on the table?C How many cartons are there on the table?D How much milk is there on the table?【解析】答案選 B。一盒牛奶表達(dá)為 acarton of milk，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩盒牛奶表達(dá)為twocartons of milk，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，因此 A項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)問的是桌上有幾個(gè)紙盒，紙盒是可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，也正確。D 項(xiàng)問桌上有多少牛奶，牛奶是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，也是正確的。所以只有 B 項(xiàng)存在錯(cuò)誤。(二) 用適當(dāng)?shù)拿~填空1. Most can sing this popular song. (Germany)2. It's my to he