動名詞的用法

1、動名詞由動詞加ing詞尾構成，動名詞的否定結構: 把not放在doing前面。即not doing sth. not having done sth.。 一一、動名詞的名詞特征動名詞的名詞特征 動名詞的名詞特征表現在它可在句子中當名詞來用，作主語、賓語、表語、定語。例如： Beating a child will do more harm than good 打孩子弊大于利。（作主語） Do you mind answering my question？ 你不介意回答我的問題吧？（作賓語） To keep money that you have found is stealing 把拾到的錢留

2、起來是偷盜行為。（作表語） No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room 閱覽室里不許大聲說話。（作定語） 1. 動名詞作主語動名詞作主語1） 名詞直接放在句首作主語。例如： Seeing is believing.Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.用右手握手是許多國家的一種習俗。2） 動名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 +

3、doing”結構中作主語，it為形式主語。例如：It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.寫信給他不妥，他從來不回信。It is no use your complaining; the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會管的。3） 動名詞在動名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞等形容詞 + doing”結構結構中作主語。例如：中作主語。例如：It is good playing che

4、ss after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is useless speaking.光說是沒有用的。光說是沒有用的。4） 動名詞在動名詞在“There is(was) no + doing”結構結構中作主語。例如：中作主語。例如：There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否認的。她效率高是不容否認的。There is no telling what he is going to do.他要做什么一點消息都沒有。他要做什么一點消息都沒有。1.Its no good _ over split milk. A

5、.to cry B.crying C.cried D.cry2.It is no use _ without through _. A.to read; understood B.reading; understanding C.to read; understand D.read; to understand3._ provides us with essential nutrients(營養(yǎng)營養(yǎng)), while_provides us with oxygen. A.To eat; breathing B.Eating; to breathe C.Eating; breathing D.Ea

6、ten; breathed- What made him so happy? - _ theentranceexaminationBecause of passing B. Because he passedC. Having been passed D. Having passed2. 動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語1） 有些動詞后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用有些動詞后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有：的動詞有：admit 承認承認 ； excuse 原諒原諒 ； postpone 拖延拖延 ；anticipate 期望；期望； fancy 想象想象 practise 練習；練習； app

7、reciate 欣賞；欣賞； finish 完成；完成； prevent 防止；防止； avoid 避免；避免；forbid 禁止；禁止； propose 建議；建議； consider 考慮；考慮； forgive 寬恕；寬??； recollect 回憶；回憶；delay 耽擱；耽擱； imagine 想象；想象； resent 厭惡；厭惡； deny 否認；否認； involve 涉及；涉及；resist 抵制；抵制； detest 厭惡；厭惡； keep 保留；保留； risk 冒險；冒險； dislike 討厭；討厭； mind 在意；在意； save 挽救；挽救； dread 害怕；

8、害怕； miss 錯過；錯過； suggest 建議；建議； enjoy 喜歡；喜歡； pardon 原諒；原諒；escape 逃避；逃避；permit 允許允許例如：例如：I recommend buying the dictionary.我建議買這本詞典。我建議買這本詞典。I dont anticipate meeting any opposition.我估計不會遇到任何反對意見。我估計不會遇到任何反對意見。Will you admit having broken the window?你承認不承認打破了窗戶？你承認不承認打破了窗戶？2） 有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞

9、短語有：cant stand 忍不?。?cant help 忍不??； feel like 想欲；give up 放棄； put off 推遲例如：He put off making a decision till he had more information.在獲得詳情之前，他沒有急于作出決定。Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？3） 動名詞常跟在介詞或介詞短語后做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。例如：We are

10、looking forward to coming to China.我們期待著來中國。We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我們終于克服了所有的困難。4） 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 動名詞； be busy (in) + 動名詞；waste time (in) + 動名詞；lost time (in) + 動名詞；There is no point (in) + 動名詞”等結構中，動名詞做介詞賓語，in常要

11、省去。例如：The children are busy doing their homework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。 What caused the party to be put off? _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Toms delayingsending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send I am busy _

12、 for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do.He devoted his life to _the atomictheory. A.study B.be studied C.studying D.have studiedWhat worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hos

13、pital.his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. his being allowed D. having not been allowed二、動名詞可具有時態(tài)意義二、動名詞可具有時態(tài)意義 動名詞可以像動詞那樣表現時態(tài)意義，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。動名詞的時態(tài)意義是一個相對的概念，從屬于句中謂語動詞。一般式表示動名詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動作，沒有時間概念；完成式表示動名詞的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。例如： She is proud of being beautiful她

14、為自己的美麗而驕傲。（同時） I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon 我想下午去看工業(yè)展覽。（在其后） 我為沒能遵守諾言表示歉意。I apologize for not having kept my promise （之前發(fā)生） 他因對國家做了這樣大的貢獻而受到表揚。 He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country （之前發(fā)生） 三、動名詞可具有語態(tài)意義三、動名詞可具有語態(tài)意義 如果動名詞與句中的邏輯主語構成被動關系，

15、即邏輯主語是接受動名詞的動作，需用其被動形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done, not having been done例如：例如： 他們無法忍受這樣的待遇。他們無法忍受這樣的待遇。 They couldnt stand being treated like that （與其邏輯主語（與其邏輯主語They構成被動關系，構成被動關系，比較：比較：They are treated like that） 我聽說他被選為那個隊的教練。我聽說他被選為那個隊的教練。 I heard of his having been chosen t

16、o be the coach of the team（與其邏輯主語（與其邏輯主語his構成被動關系，比較：構成被動關系，比較：He was chosen to be the coach of the team)但是1)在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義，但如果用不定式則用被動式。例如： The flowers in the garden want watering花園里的花需要澆水了。（比較：The flowers in the garden want to be watered） Thats one of those que

17、stions that really dont need answering那是一個那種真的不需回答的問題。（比較：The questions dont need to be answered） 2） 在（在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。來表示被動意義。例如：例如： 他的提議值得考慮他的提議值得考慮His suggestion is worth considering.此句可轉換成：此句可轉換成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered. 3） allow, advise, forbid, permi

18、t等動詞后等動詞后直接跟所有格及動詞作賓語時，要用直接跟所有格及動詞作賓語時，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后形式；如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后再跟賓語補足語（即構成復合賓語），其賓再跟賓語補足語（即構成復合賓語），其賓語補足語用帶語補足語用帶to的不定式。的不定式。 我不允許他在此地游泳。 I dont allow his swimming here. I dont allow him to swim here.Some foods are eaten without _. A. well absorbing（吸收（吸收 B. being well absorbed

19、C. absorbing D .well absorbed .Articles(物品物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒消毒) before _ others. A. using B. being used by C. used by D. being using.He attended the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited .Bebecca was unhappy for _ the first chance to go a

20、broad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having been given.By _, water can be changed into gas. A.heating B.being heated C.having heated D.heated6.The classroom wants _. A. clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning7.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂貴昂貴),it is worth _. A. bein

21、g bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it8.This X-ray machine needs_. A. repairing B. to repair C. repaired D. being repaired9.The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle. A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed 10. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I a

22、ppreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited11.While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being pollutedDo you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having

23、 left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftHow about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingEx.1 P221. being attacked 2. being held up 3. being included 4. being accepted 5. being told 6. being helped out 7. being taken8. being photographed9. being swall

24、owed 10.being thrown aboutEx.1 P641. being invited2. being kept waiting3. being attacked4. being award5. being shouted at 6. being to blamedEx.2 1.had been cancelled2.could have been made by Ben3.were taken to the beach and introduced to some of their friends by the hosts.4.are tended to be produced by dirty living conditions.5. is being used as a car park6.was seen entering the