（精選）專升本英語考點(diǎn)匯總

1、專升本英語考試題型試卷題型及分值分布表序號(hào)考試項(xiàng)目題號(hào)考試內(nèi)容題型分值I聽力理解115對(duì)話、實(shí)用會(huì)話、短文選擇、填空15分II詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)1630詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)選擇、填空15分III閱讀理解3150理解語篇，包括一般性和應(yīng)用性文字材料選擇、填空、匹配40分IV翻譯5156句子和段落句子翻譯、段落翻譯15分V寫作57簡(jiǎn)歷表、申請(qǐng)書、邀請(qǐng)信、通知等寫作書寫、套寫、填寫15分非英語專業(yè)考生只完成-部分，合計(jì)100分，按120分折算計(jì)入總分語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如： I learned that the earth goes

2、around the sun when I was in primary school. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unlessI will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow.He wont know the truth unless you tell him. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或者影響仍然存在。有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語； He has

3、opened the door. I have bought a computer.考點(diǎn)一：for +時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考點(diǎn)二： 常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：Lately, recently, already, yet, so far，up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考點(diǎn)三： 表示”第幾次做某事“或者”it is （最高級(jí)）the best (worst, mos

4、t interesting)，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film that I have seen.過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即發(fā)生在過去的過去。There had been 25 parks in the city up till 2000.考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarelywhen; no sooner than 句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)I had

5、hardly finished my work when he came to see me .I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 考點(diǎn)二： 表示第幾次做某事/最高級(jí)，主句用過去式，從句用過去完成時(shí)。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather .考點(diǎn)三： 用于by +過去時(shí)間段She had learnt 3 different languages by the end of 2009. 將來完成時(shí)（will have done）表將來某時(shí)刻之

6、前已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯?？键c(diǎn)一： by +將來時(shí)間段By next Friday, I will have got ready for the exam. 一般過去時(shí)表過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響?？键c(diǎn)一：used to do 過去常常做某事 He used to smoke a lot.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一：表示某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)在干什么，常常有具體的時(shí)間詞，如at 10 oclock, at that moment等。He was doing homework at 9 oclock yesterday evening. 考點(diǎn)二：趨向性動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在

7、進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，如：go, come, leave, start等 I am coming. (馬上來了)He is leaving Chongqing on Friday. (他星期五離開重慶)He is leaving for Chongqing on Friday. （他星期五要來重慶） 感官動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)：表示感知的動(dòng)詞：hear, feel, notice, recognize, taste ,smell ,look ,sound ,taste, appear，感官動(dòng)詞做系動(dòng)詞時(shí) 翻譯成 起來He is looking at the sun. (實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)He looks younger t

8、han his junior brother.(系動(dòng)詞)考點(diǎn)一： 做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)e.g. The music sounds beautiful. The silk feels soft. 考點(diǎn)二：做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三：做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面接形容詞，不接副詞Sounds good. The cake tastes good. 語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _at the party.A. had left, arrivedB. left, had arrivedC. h

9、ad left, had arrivedD. left, arrived2. Mary _ letter at nine yesterday evening.A. typed B. was typing C. has typed D. is typing 3.The work _ by the time you get here. A. will have been doneB. is doneC. had been doneD. would have done4.It _ for a week and the streets were flooded. A. has rainedB. was

10、 rained C. had been rainingD. should have rained5. Sorry, but we cannot go to San Diego. Our cousins _ to see us next Sunday.A. come B. are coming C. have come D. came6. She _ a number of books by the end of last year. A. had written B. has written C. have written D. had been written7. I _here since

11、 I came to Beijing.A. had lived B. have lived C. is living D. will live 8. By the end of next year, the building_.A. will completed B. will have been completed C. has completed D. is completing 9. He _ smoke a lot, now he is a non-smoker. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used by 10. Hardly

12、 _ the room when it _ to rain. A. had entered, was raining B. entered, had rained C. had entered, rained D. entered, was raining二：非謂語 動(dòng)詞1.謂語動(dòng)詞2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞1.行為動(dòng)詞/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：eat, sleep. clean. Stay（可以單獨(dú)做謂語，用副詞修飾）2.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：be, get, become (不能單獨(dú)做謂語，其后成分稱為表語)3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can, could, will (不能單獨(dú)做謂語，后接動(dòng)詞原型)4.助動(dòng)詞：do/have的各

13、種形式，幫助完成時(shí)態(tài)與語氣的動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)做謂語。 Have been here/I do like you.非謂語動(dòng)詞:1.不定式：to do （除了不能做謂語，其他成分都能做）2.分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：Ving（表主動(dòng)與進(jìn)行），過去分詞：(表被動(dòng)與狀態(tài))3.動(dòng)名詞：Ving英語一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞： 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞 1)Grace finished her dinner at Wulong 2)attended the local dancing party.一加入連詞 Grace had finished dinner at

14、 Wulong, and she attended the local dancing party later. 二放入從句The moment /when Grace had finished dinner at Wulong, she attended the local dancing party later. 三. 變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞 Grace finished her dinner quickly to attend the local dancing party. 不定式考點(diǎn)：1. It is+ adj+ for sb to do sth/ It is + adj+ of sb to

15、 do sthe.g. It is difficult for him to finish the task. It is very kind of you to say so. 2. It takes sb some time to do sth 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事It takes me three days to repair the machine. 3. so+ adj/adv+as to .如此，以至于e.g. The house is so high as to resemble a tower.4. only to 竟然(表出乎意料的轉(zhuǎn)折)He studied hard on

16、ly to fail the exam.5.but(except) 后帶不帶to ?若句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是“do”的各種形式，則不帶toLast night, I did nothing but watch TV.若句子的謂語動(dòng)詞不是“do”的各種形式，則帶toThe doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking. 6. 一聽：listen to, hear 二看：watch, see, look at 三使：let, make, have 四注意：notice 五感覺：feel 以上動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞原形，但若用語被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則應(yīng)接帶to的不定式。I made h

17、im do his work.He was made to do his work. 動(dòng)名詞考點(diǎn)：1. It is no good/use/point/a great fun +ving:做某事無好處/用處/意義/樂趣做某事It is no good helping him.It is a great fun getting to know your guys.2. There is no +doing sth 不可能做某事There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.There is

18、 no telling what he is going to do? 3. have difficulty(trouble, fun, a good time)+(in) doing sth 做某事難（麻煩，好玩）4. go + doing 戶外活動(dòng)Go fishing, go swimming, go shopping 4. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事5. spend/ waste time (in) doing sth/on sth 6. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事I am sorry, I cant help overhearin

19、g7. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)） The book is worth reading. 8. Li Ming is said _abroad. Do you know what countryA.to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying 分詞考點(diǎn)：分詞做狀語：1） 主從句主語一致2） 省略從句連詞與主語3） 從句分詞形式取決于與主語的關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)用過去分詞(從)When the students saw the teacher entering

20、classroom, （主）the students stood up. Seeing the teacher entering classroom, the students stood up.獨(dú)立主格：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有三種類型：1. 邏輯主語+非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）2. 邏輯主語+(being)+表語(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語)3. with/without + 復(fù)合賓語 （不定式, 分詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞短語）非謂語練習(xí).1._ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known

21、B. Knowing not C. Known not D. Not knowing2. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 4. _ by the adv

22、ances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 5. _ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 6.

23、_ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 7.Tom kept quiet about the accident_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 8. _ late in the morning, Bob t

24、urned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 9. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 10. The old professor said to us every part of the materials should be made use of _

25、 the power station. A. to build B. building C. build D. built 11. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 12._ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there bein

26、g D. There were13. _, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting14._, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 15. _, we all went swimming in high

27、spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)： Can, could May, might Must/have to Need Dare Will/would Shall/should/ought to考點(diǎn)一： Must的否定回答在回答must引起的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的答復(fù)，可用dont have to或neednt(不必) ，但不能用mustnt(一定不，必須不，不允許，不得) 。如：Must I clean the d

28、ining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃餐廳嗎？Yes, you must. 是的，你必須馬上打掃。No, you dont have to (=neednt) . 不必啦。You mustnt smoke in the office. 你不得在辦公室抽煙?？键c(diǎn)二：must表肯定猜測(cè)：Must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于肯定句中must do 對(duì)一般時(shí)的肯定推測(cè)must be doing 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè) must have done 對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of m

29、oney.He must be reading novels now.The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 考點(diǎn)三：cant/couldt表否定推測(cè)考點(diǎn)四：need doing sth=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. The house needs painting.=The house needs to be painted. 延伸：want, request doing sth=want/request to be

30、 done 考點(diǎn)五：need/dare既可做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，也可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用在肯定句中（need/dare to do sth），情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在否定和疑問句中(need/dare do sth )。Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.He needs to go there himself.三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.- She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all

31、. A. should B. could C. must D. might 2. You _ be hungry already , you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 3.Im sorry. I _at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have sho

32、uted4. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed5. There were already fi ve people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. must

33、nt have been D. couldnt have been 6. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 7. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night.A. it must have rained B. it must rain C. it must be raining D. it must have been rained8. As tea

34、chers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _.A. ought to be said B. must say C. have to be said D. need to say9.You _ all those calculations. We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. must not have done B. should not have C. can not have done D. neednt have done10.Wi

35、th all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt goB. wouldnt go C. oughtnt go D. shouldnt have gone11.“I saw Mary in the library yesterday.”“You _her, she is still in hospital.”A. mustnt have seen B. could not see C. cant have seen D. must not see虛擬語氣一 If 型二 Should+動(dòng)詞原形三 類似if 型一If

36、型（主從句在現(xiàn)有時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上向前退一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）1. if 條件句的虛擬條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語+were主語+If+主語+Ved Should/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反If+主語+had done 主語+Should/would/could+ have done sth與將來事實(shí)相反If+主語+vedIf+主語+shouldIf+主語+were to 主語+ Should/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形If it rains tomorrow, it will be fine. Be to do sth If John were here now ,he wou

37、ld explain it.If you had asked me earlier, I would have told you.If it rained/should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, . I would stay at home If 條件句中有were, had, could, should等，可省略if, 將were, had, could, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b。hadyou asked me earlier, I would have told you.Had you asked me earlier, I would have t

38、old you.If John were here now ,he would explain it.Were John here now ,he would explain it.二Should+動(dòng)詞原形1. 其后的賓語從句及以其同根名詞(suggestion ,advice, proposal, requiremen)引導(dǎo)的主語，表語，同位語從句中用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。He suggested that we (should) go home earlier.His suggestion was that we (should) go home earlier.區(qū)分suggest&

39、#160;+(that )+主語+(should) do+sth Suggest doing sth He suggested going out for a walk. He suggested that I should go out for a walk. insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式 Insist 表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，用陳述語氣，表示事實(shí)。Suggest 表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語氣。e.g. Your pale face sugge

40、sts that you are ill.I insisted that you were wrong.I insisted he should return_(return) the book. 2. It is important (necessary, strange,) that .類似用法的詞有：necessary，strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame, no wonder e.g. Its necessary that we should have a walk三類似if 型1.Wish/as if/as though/ if only/

41、would rather that e.g. I wish I were 30 years younger.He treated the little girl as if she had been he own daughter.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.If only I had seen the film yesterday!2.e.g. Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.3. 介詞短語引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣e.g. If you had no

42、t helped us,we wouldnt have made . But for your help, we _(make) such rapid progress.Without air, there _would be_ (be) no living things. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have died 四虛擬語氣1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A.

43、lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get         B. drove; wouldnt get C. were d

44、riving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person referred to_ put into prisonA. was B. be C. will be D. would be6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,

45、it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I would rather she _ me tomorro

46、w than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up ?-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part i

47、n 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for   B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented   B. had been, would preventC. were, prev

48、ent            D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work    B. Had he worked  C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were no

49、t, could have climb   B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed     D. hadnt been, could climb 15. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is  B. will be C. would have been   D. would be從句常見考點(diǎn)：（定從，狀從，名從（主語從句、賓語從句，表語從句）定

50、語從句考點(diǎn)：（一） 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系代詞  who 人  主、賓、表 whom 人  賓 which 物  主、賓、表 that 人和物  主、賓、表 as 物  主、賓關(guān)系形容詞   Whose= of whom/of which 人和物的 定語Whose與of which /whom的區(qū)別 of which/whom 時(shí)應(yīng)在名詞前加上定冠詞

51、the或其他限定詞，也就是說如果名詞前有限定詞就只能用 of which/whom 。如果名詞前沒有限定詞，就用 whose。關(guān)系副詞   When=at/in/on/duringwhich   Where=at/in/towhich   Why=for which   注意：關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是由從句中的動(dòng)詞來決定  2012.22This is the place where we work.(vi)

52、.This is the place.We work in the place. This is the place which we visited.(vt) （二） 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的特殊情況1指物時(shí)只用 that，不用which 的情況： 1) 當(dāng)先行詞為 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, noth

53、ing 等不定代詞時(shí)。 2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)或the last, the only ,the very等表強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞等修飾。 3).在疑問詞 who, what, which 開頭的句子中。（避免歧意）  Who is the girl that is talking with Mr.Brown？4). 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。  We

54、 are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. 2. 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情況。  1). 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子。  e.g. Bruce went towards the fire, which 

55、was still smoking.    Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry. 2).在介詞后面:介詞+which (先行詞是物) The world in which we live is made of matter. 注意:若介詞在從句中而

56、沒有直接在關(guān)系詞后,可以用which 或that. 例如: The world that we live in is made of matter. （三）非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，一般用引導(dǎo)詞which/as/who,非限制性定語從句既可以修飾主句的部分內(nèi)容，也可修飾主句的全部?jī)?nèi)容。 狀語從句考點(diǎn)：（一）條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有if ,unless ，as/so long 

57、;as, considering that，supposing that, provided that（假如，在的條件下）,  on condition that（只要，在的條件下） 等等。（二）時(shí)間狀語從句屬連詞：when，as，while，before，after，since，till/until，as soon as，once，等。用于It  +  be +時(shí)間段 + before  ：在之

58、后才  e.g.  It   willl   be   five  years  before   I   come   back  . 常于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can / could 連用 ： 還沒來得及就 e.g.  Befo

59、re  I   could   say   a   word   ,  she   had   rushed   out   of    the   room 名詞短語（連詞功能）：next time, every time, the moment, the minute等。 E.g. Every minute I see her, it reminds me of my moher. （三）