直接引語與間接引語 不分版本

1、直接引語與間接引語一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 直接引語與間接引語（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech） 交際中我們常常需要引述別人說的話，一種是一字不差地直接引用別人的話，放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為直接引語，另一種是間接地轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，稱為間接引語。 e.g. The teacher said , “I will choose a useful dictionary for my students .” 這個(gè)老師說：“我將為學(xué)生選一本有用的字典?！?The teacher said that he would choose a useful dictionary for his

2、 students . 這個(gè)老師說他將為學(xué)生選一本有用的字典。（一）直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí)，間接引語多數(shù)是帶有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。轉(zhuǎn)換過程中句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生一些變化。 1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化（見下表）直接引語間 接 引 語陳述句say + thattell + 間接賓語 + that從句一般疑問句選擇疑問句特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+陳述句語序祈使句ask / tell / order + 賓語+ (not) to do sth . e.g. 2. 某些特殊句型的結(jié)構(gòu)變化 當(dāng)直接引語為請求，勸告或建議的問句，并非詢問某一事實(shí)是否屬實(shí)，那就應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)把原意準(zhǔn)確地轉(zhuǎn)述。 e

3、. g. 感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)可以改為say / remark + how / what引導(dǎo)的句子或that引導(dǎo)的句子。 e.g. He said , “How happy I am today !” 他說，“今天我多么幸福！” He remarked 也可以用詞匯手段。 e.g. 3. 人稱和代詞的變化 直接引語間接引語 第一、二人稱第三人稱 第二人稱第一人稱 thisthat , the thesethose , the e.g. 4. 謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí) e.g. 但時(shí)態(tài)并不是絕對的，下列

4、情況可以不變： 5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的變化：直接引語間接引語canmaymustdare notneed notought tocouldmightmust表示推測意義must / had to或would have todare not / didnt dare toneed not / didnt have to didnt need to wouldnt have toought to或should e.g. 6. 狀語的變化直接引語間接引語todaythis morningyesterdayyesterday morningthe day before yesterdaytomorrowth

5、e day after tomorrownext monthlast weektwo years agonowherethat daythat morningthe day before或the previousthe previous morning或the morning beforetwo days beforethe next day或the followingin two days time或two days afterthe next month或the following monththe week beforetwo years beforethenthere 但這也不是絕對的

6、，要視具體情況而定。請比較下列各組句子：【模擬試題】一. 將下列直接引語改成間接引語： 1. He said , “I have been here about ten times .” 2. Mary said , “I have sold my house in London .” 3. The man said , “Smoking is strictly forbidden here .” 4. Ann said , “She moved to Paris in 1956 .” 5. Mr Black said , “We started learning Chinese last m

7、onth .” 6. Mary said , “Why didnt you stop her yesterday .” 7. Shaw said to Ann , “Your brother will give you a nice gift .” 8. My wife said to me , “Dont sleep with the windows open .” 9. I asked Tom , “Do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor ?” 10. He asked , “Should I go with y

8、ou , Linda ?” 11. The teacher said to the students , “Water boils at 100 .” 12. The nurse said to Grey , “Leave the ward quietly .” 13. He said , “How lovely the house is !” 14. “Would you buy me some stamps ?”he said to me . 15. “Who left the banana skin on my desk ?”said Cathy . 16. “Are you leavi

9、ng today or tomorrow morning ?”said his secretary . 17. She said , “How long will it take me to fly to that city ?” 18. “Where were you last night ?”she said . 19. “It is foggy today ,”I said . 20. He said , “I must go at once .”二. 將下列句子改為直接引語。 （1）He said that he liked Japanese very much . （2）He ask

10、ed me when the meeting would end . （3）He told his little son to go inside and not to come out until the rain had stopped . （4）Grandma said that she was beginning to sleep better . （5）Tom told Mary that he had come to return her the book . （6）The conductor asked Zhang Hong where he was going to get o

11、ff . （7）He asked whether they would pardon him . （8）He asked the teacher if it snows in winter in Australia . （9）Mr White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library . （10）A student asked the teacher whether Gauss was born in 1777 . （11）The old worker told us not to forget

12、 the past . （12）He asked me why Edisons teacher said that he wasnt bright and wasnt worth teaching . （13）He asked me what else I wanted him to do . （14）She asked Xiao Wang if that kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou . （15）He asked me how many times I had been to my home town since 1978 . （16）I a

13、sked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework . （17）Uncle Wu asked me where my father had been and what he had been doing all those years . （18）The guard said that he would not let him in if he had no pass .三. 把下面各句譯成英語。 （1）媽媽叫我不要在那道難題上再花時(shí)間了。 （2）老師說，當(dāng)人們處于困境時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助他們。 （3）那個(gè)年輕人說，當(dāng)熊向

14、他走來時(shí)，他躺在地上，屏住氣。 （4）我問她是否收到她母親的信了。 （5）他說他們前一天把那些桌子修好了。 （6）老師問我們這件好事是誰做的。 （7）售票員走到我的跟前，問我愿不愿意把座位讓給那位老人。 （8）他問你那時(shí)候中國有多少人學(xué)英語。 （9）一個(gè)學(xué)生問為什么喬·希爾受審并判處死刑。 （10）媽媽問女兒垃圾是否倒了。試題答案一. 1. He said that he had been there about ten times . 2. Mary said that she had sold her house in London . 3. The man said that

15、smoking was strictly forbidden there . 4. Ann said that she moved to Paris in 1956 . 5. Mr Black said that they had started learning Chinese the month before . 6. Mary asked why I hadnt stopped her the day before . 7. Shaw told Ann that her brother would give her a nice gift 8. My wife told me not t

16、o sleep with the windows open . 9. I asked Tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor . 10. He asked Linda whether he should go with her . 11. The teacher told the students that water boils at 100 . 12. The nurse told Grey to leave the ward quietly . 13. He said how lovely t

17、he house was . 14. He asked me to buy some stamps for him . 15. Cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk . 16. His secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning . 17. She asked how long it would take her to fly to that city . 18. She asked where I had been the night

18、 before . 19. I said that it was foggy that day . 20. He said that he would have to go at once .二. （1）He said , “I like Japanese very much .” 或“I like Japanese very much ,”he said . （2）“When will the meeting end ?”he asked me . （3）“Go inside and dont come out until the rain has stopped , ”he said to

19、 his little son . （4）“Im beginning to sleep better ,”Grandma said . （5）“Mary , Ive come to return you the book ,”said Tom . （6）“Where are you going to get off , Zhang Hong ?”the conductor asked . （7）“Will they pardon me ?”he asked . （8）“Does it snow in winter in Australia ?”he asked the teacher . （9

20、）“Please give my wife a message when she returns from the library ,”Mr White said to me . （10）“Was Gauss born in 1777 ?”a student asked the teacher . （11）“Dont forget the past ,”the old worker said to us . （12）He asked me , “Why did Edisons teacher say that he was not bright and (was) not worth teac

21、hing ?” （13）“What else do you want me to do ?”he asked me . （14）“Is this kind of telephone made in Guangzhou ?”she asked Xiao Wang . （15）“How many times have you been to your home town since 1978 ?”he asked me . （16）I asked one of the boys , “Are there any mistakes in your homework ?” （17）Uncle Wu asked me , “Where has your father been and what has he been doing all these years ?” （18）“I wont let him in if he has no pass ,”said the guard .三. （1）M