現(xiàn)代起重機的特征和發(fā)展趨向外文翻譯

1、Characteristics and DevelopmentalTendency of Modern CranesWith rapid development of modern science and technology, magnification of industrial production scale and improvement of automation level, application of cranes is becoming widespread and its function is obvious. Meanwhile, requirements for c

2、ranes are more and more strict. Especially, the widespread use of electronic computer technology spurs lots of subject-crossing advanced design approaches and accelerates the improvement of modern manufacturing and detecting technology. Fierce competition in international market becomes more depende

3、nt on the competition of technology. All of these impel technological functions of cranes into a brand-new developmental stage. Cranes are facing a tremendous transformation. Our country is entering global international competitive market at an unprecedented rate and crane manufacture is confronted

4、with a new situation where opportunities and challenges coexist. Thus, it is crucial for cranes to develop and innovate constantly. I want to make a brief explanation about characteristics and developmental tendency of modern cranes with examples, based on new theories, technology and trend of crane

5、s at home and overseas.1. Make the key products large, high speed, endured and specializedBecause of continuous expansion of industrial production scale, increasingly improvement of production efficiency and rising proportion of money spending on loading and unloading and transporting materials in t

6、he process of production, required amount of large or high-speed cranes is increasing. Lifting quantities become larger, working speed becomes higher and requirements of energy-consuming and reliability become stricter. Cranes have already become a critical link in the process of automation producti

7、on. Cranes should be easy to use, maintain and operate and have high security, less troubles and long average time between failures. The central issue in international market production competition is reliability, and many companies abroad have drawn up inter-controlled standard of reliability. The

8、most important for us to catch up with and surpass world advanced level of cranes function is to improve reliability, to make cranes durable, less troubles, maintainable and economic to be used.At the moment, the biggest floating crane in the world weighs 6500t, chain crane 3000t and bridge crane 12

9、00t. Diversity of industrial mode of production and customers need makes crane market expanding and products renewing constantly to satisfy special needs with specific functions and bring its best usefulness into play. Functions of various kinds of cranes are improving. DEMAG ERGOTECH has developed

10、a crane special for aircraft maintenance, which has made its own way into international market. This crane is great in length and lifting height and has accurate halt. When a flexible maintenance platform fixed under lifting cart, it can reach every part of the aircraft. With the fast development of

11、 nuclear power stations in the world, cranes which are special for them achieve corresponding development. For example, annular bridge crane in reactors space, working under radiative circumstances, is used to lift dangerous load such as top cover of pressure container and components in reactors. It

12、 requires high reliability, high security, the ability to determine location accurately and automatically and transfer goods to a lower level, as well as various kinds of protection and particular security devices.2. Make series of production modularized, combined, standardized and practicalMost cra

13、nes are produced by series and batch, thus use of systematic multi-objections entire optimization to design series of cranes has already become the key point in development. Through rational matching of series main parameter, its functions can be improved, manufacturing cost can be reduced, and degr

14、ee of general purpose can be raised. Use less specification spare parts to compose series production with multi-species and multi-specifications. And thus, the requirements of customers can be fully satisfied.By using modularized design instead of conservative entire design, we can make components w

15、ith similar functions into standard modules which have various uses, similar connective key factors and are interchangeable. Through combination of different modules, we can make different kinds and specifications of cranes. There are only several modules involved when it comes to crane improvement.

16、 To design a new style of crane, all that you do is to choose different modules to recompose. Because of improvement in degree of general purpose, single products with small serial production can transform into module production of pretty great batches. As a result, we can achieve specialization pro

17、duction with high efficiency and cut manufacturing cost. It can satisfy marketing demands and increase competitive capacity by composing cranes of various series and specifications using less modularized forms.Bridge crane produced by DEMAG ERGOTECH considered carefully modularization and combinatio

18、n. It makes inter-parameter of series, entirety, mechanism and components matched with each other. The distribution of capacity obtains most economic and suitable effects. To make the main components of lifting mechanism reaches its largest general purpose, the method that the result of lifting weig

19、hts multiplying lifting speed is a constant has been used. There are more specifications derived through changes of pulley multiplying power. Series of 5-125t bridge cranes only need four basic lifting carts even with various working ranks. Module series of standard wheel cases, which are produced b

20、y the company, have various groups of linking holes which can choose different drive unit to form platform carts. They can also combine with metal construction components to be used as running machine of various kinds of cranes; its wheels have several forms of surfaces to be chosen. Because of no b

21、asic distance limit and flexible combination, they are widely used. The companys series of end bridge standard modules have commercialized. It resorts to frictional cycle and high intensity bolt link which improves interchange and accuracy of sizes and reduces machining of connecting covers. It can

22、connect to each main beam quickly and effectively. There are two kinds of end beam modules; one is suitable for single beam and the other is for double beams. According to length and weights, end beam style can be decided.3. Make productions for general purposes small, light, simple and diversifiedT

23、here are quite a number of cranes used in general workshop and storehouse, and thus they have light work and the requirement is not very strict. How to improve application of these cranes and to cut manufacturing cost is critical to win in the marketing competition. Considering comprehensive benefit

24、, the need to decrease the height of cranes as low as possible, to simplify the constructions and to reduce weights and wheel pressure can also decrease structures height, lighten structure composition and reduce cost of producing and maintenance. So there will be fast development of electric calaba

25、sh bridge and light beam cranes, and bridge cranes for general purposes will be replaced by them.The needs of customers advance diversity of cranes. Series parameter scale of cranes expanding and functions enlarging, product of one machine for several uses will obtain further development to increase

26、 capacity of dealing with emergencies. The proportion of using wireless remote control under normal conditions will increase.DEMAG ERGOTECH has formed standard crane series of light combinations after long period explosion and innovation. The whole series compose of various productions such as combi

27、nation “工” style single beam, hanging case single beam, horn cart case single beam and case double beams. There are altogether fifteen forms of connection between main beam and end beam. This is suitable for needs of different structure and lifting goods. Each specification of crane has three single

28、 speeds and three double speeds to be chosen. There are seven operating ways. In addition, different electric conduction pattern and different electric control pattern can match hundreds and thousands of cranes through different combinations to fully satisfy different needs of customers. Another adv

29、antage of the crane is that they are light. Compared to productions at home, its lifting weight is 32t and length 25.5m compared to 46.4t-weight of double beams cranes in our country, 28.3t- electric calabash bridge cranes. Weight of DEMAG electric calabash bridge crane is only 18.5, which is lighte

30、r than domestic productions by 60 percent and 35percent respectively.現(xiàn)代起重機的特征和發(fā)展趨向隨著現(xiàn)代科學技術的迅速發(fā)展，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴大和自動化程度的提高，起重機在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過程中應用越來越廣，作用愈來愈大，對起重機的要求也越來越高。尤其是電子計算機技術的廣泛應用，促使了許多跨學科的先進設計方法出現(xiàn)，推動了現(xiàn)代制造技術和檢測技術的提高。激烈的國際市場競爭也越來越依賴于技術的競爭。這些都促使起重機的技術性能進入嶄新的發(fā)展階段，起重機正經(jīng)歷著一場巨大的變革。我國正以前所未有的速度進入全球化國際競爭市場，中國的起重機制造業(yè)面臨

31、著機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存的新形勢。因此起重機的不斷發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新是關鍵。現(xiàn)根據(jù)國內(nèi)外起重機的新理論、新技術和新動向，結合實例，簡要論述現(xiàn)代起重機的特征和發(fā)展趨向。 1 重點產(chǎn)品大型化、高速化、耐久化和專用化    由于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不斷擴大，生產(chǎn)效率日益提高，以及產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中物料裝卸搬運費用所占比例逐漸增加，促使大型或高速起重機的需求量不斷增長。起重量越來越大，工作速度越來越高，并對能耗和可靠性提出更高的要求。起重機已成為自動化生產(chǎn)流程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。起重機不但要好用，容易維護，操作方便，而且安全性要好，故障要少，平均無故障工作時間要長?？煽啃允菄H市場產(chǎn)品競爭的焦點

32、，國外許多大公司都制定了可靠性內(nèi)控標準。我國起重機的性能要趕超世界先進水平，最關鍵的是要提高可靠性，使起重機具有優(yōu)異的耐久性、無故障性、維修性和使用經(jīng)濟性。    目前世界上最大的浮游起重機起重量6500t，最大的履帶起重機起重量3000t，最大的橋式起重機起重量1200t，自動化立體倉庫堆垛起重機最大運行速度達240mmin。    工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和用戶需求的多樣性，使專用起重機的市場不斷擴大，品種也不斷更新，以特有的功能滿足特殊的需要，發(fā)揮出最佳的效用。冶金專用起重機，防爆、防腐、絕緣起重機和鐵路、船舶、車輛專用起重機的功能不斷增加

33、，性能不斷提高，適應性比以往更強。德國德馬格公司研制出一種飛機維修保養(yǎng)專用起重機，在國際市場上打開了銷路。這種起重機跨度大，起升高度大，停準精度高。在起重小車下面安裝有可伸縮回轉的維修平臺，可到達飛機任一部位。隨著世界核電站的迅速發(fā)展，核電站專用起重機也得到相應發(fā)展，如反應堆室內(nèi)的環(huán)形橋式起重機在放射性環(huán)境中工作，用于起吊壓力容器頂蓋及堆內(nèi)構件等危險載荷，要求可靠性高，安全性好，能自動精確定位和緩慢下放物品等，并有多種保護裝置和特殊安全裝置。 2  系列產(chǎn)品模塊化、組合化、標準化和實用化    許多起重機是成系列成批量的產(chǎn)品，采用系統(tǒng)多目標整體

34、優(yōu)化方法進行起重機系列設計已成為發(fā)展重點，通過全面考慮性能、成本、工  藝、生產(chǎn)管理、制造批量和使用維護等多種因素對系列主參數(shù)進行合理匹配，以達到改善整機性能降低制造成本，提高通用化程度，用較少規(guī)格數(shù)的零部件組成多品種、多規(guī)格的系列產(chǎn)品，充分滿足用戶需求。    用模塊化設計代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的整機設計方法，將起重機上功能基本相同的構件、部件和零件  制成有多種用途，有相同聯(lián)接要素和可互換的標準模塊，通過不同模塊的組合，形成不同類型和規(guī)格的起重機。對起重機進行改進，只需針對某幾個模塊。設計新型起重機，只需選用不同模塊重新進行組合。由于提高了通用化程度，可使單件小批生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品改換成具有相當批量的模塊生產(chǎn)，實現(xiàn)高效率的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，降低制造成本。能以較少的模塊形式，組合成多品種多規(guī)格的起重機，滿足市場需求，增加競爭能力。  &#