2019四級考試詞匯備考筆記(11)

1、2019 四級考試詞匯備考筆記 (11)主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù) 的問題。一、就近原則： 指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構(gòu)成時，由離謂語動詞近的那 部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用：1. or 或者;2. either or 不是就是，或；3. neither nor 既不也不 ；4. not only but also 不但而且 ； 5. not but 不是而是例如：主語 1 or 主語 2 謂語動詞。此時由主語 2 決定謂語動 詞。10. _C_ either he or his accountant

2、s going to claim for the loss?A Are B Where C Is D Does如果題目改變?yōu)椋?Either he or his accountants _going 則應(yīng)選 A二、句子謂語動詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：1. 集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)樗旧砭痛?表一個復(fù)數(shù)概念。常見的幾個復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們 ； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。2. 表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語時 例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。 Eight million tons of coal were expor

3、ted last year.三、謂語動詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：1. 句子的主語是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)?、動詞不定式短語作主語、動名 詞短語作主語 ;2. 表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語 ;399. - “How many days?”0 - “ Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work? ”A are B were C was D is3. 表示單數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞也用 單數(shù);因?yàn)榇私Y(jié)構(gòu)中短語僅僅對主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動詞 也用單數(shù)。當(dāng)以下這些標(biāo)志性的介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)

4、中時能夠不管 中間的附加說明情況：with, together with, like, except, besides, in additionto, rather than, as well as注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞應(yīng) 用復(fù)數(shù)。4. each, every, either, some, any, no ，由以上六個詞中任 何一個所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時 ;some 經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞： something, somebody, someone;no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞：nothingobody, no one;either of + 短語;5. 通常由

5、and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)， 但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù) ;1> and 連接的兩部分指的是同一事物 ;2> and 連接的兩部分被 no, each, every 中任何一個詞修飾時 ;例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。 be supposed to do sth. 理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown

6、 D show themmany a(an) 很多，相當(dāng)于 many; many a(an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。6. many a (an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。9. Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination tothe safe which contains the list of the family securities.A have known B know C knows D is knowingn ot o nly but also 的一種變形形式，not only but另一

7、種變形形式 not only but as wellcombination n. 密碼; combination to the safe 保險箱密碼 ; securities 有價證券。41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _A_ too long.A has been reading B had read C is reading D readhad read 過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成實(shí)行時：指某行為從過去一點(diǎn)到現(xiàn) 在一直在實(shí)行。42. Niagara Falls

8、is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangementtourist attraction 旅游勝地 ; attention n. 注意力 ; appointment n. 委任的職位，約會 ;date n. 日期，約會，棗 ; 表示約會時指的是異性之間的私人約 會。 arrangement n. 布置，安排blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會。 appointment 指公事性質(zhì) 的，比較正式的約會。43. I

9、 don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay making B your delaying makingC your delaying to make D you delay to makemind 后要加動名詞 ; delay v.耽擱，延誤 （ 后面也要加動名詞 ）45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.A be

10、ing cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated 注意： seat 是及物動詞，及物動詞用主動形式，后面要直接加賓 語。Be seated please. 請坐。 英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn當(dāng) wear 表穿戴時，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時， wear 是不 及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.A transformed