英語(yǔ)句子成分結(jié)構(gòu)講解

1、組成句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫句子成分：1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ):是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)表明是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名詞名詞,代詞代詞,不定式不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)來(lái)充當(dāng).1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主謂謂賓賓 定定狀狀補(bǔ)補(bǔ)表表2.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么做什么或

2、或怎么樣怎么樣。通常由。通常由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞.1.They 1.They workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. ( (系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞: :表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài), ,后面往往接形容詞后面往往接形容詞 is am are sound look become)is am are sound look become)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),必

3、須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).They They can speakcan speak English well. English well.They They are playingare playing over there. over there.3. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語(yǔ)或：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語(yǔ)或從句從句,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份,特征特征,狀態(tài)狀態(tài). My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to bel

4、ieve . 3.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.由由名詞名詞,代詞代詞,數(shù)詞數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。

5、He gave me two books.4.4.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ): :用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞. .形容詞形容詞, ,形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞, ,名詞名詞, ,不定式不定式, ,介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)等等. . This is a This is a redred car. car. The building is The building is theirtheir teaching building. teaching building. The The womanwoman doctor is my wife. doctor is my wife. I have som

6、ething I have something to tell youto tell you. . The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr. Li. is Mr. Li. EveryEvery student has an English book. student has an English book.5.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ):說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子副詞或整個(gè)句子.副詞副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式詞不定式,以及以及 after, when,

7、 as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。(賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有以賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有以下幾種類(lèi)型下幾種類(lèi)型： 1 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 不定式不定

8、式 2 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 分分 詞詞 3 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 名名 詞詞 4 名詞名詞 （代詞）（代詞）+ 形容詞形容詞 1 名詞（代詞名詞（代詞）+ 不定式不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 分詞分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)）（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently

9、.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 名詞名詞（作賓補(bǔ)的表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位前不加（作賓補(bǔ)的表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名詞（代詞名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞形容詞 We must keep the room clean. We found

10、 her busy. I found the story interesting.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞）（S+ViS+Vi型）型）He came.She dances.2 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 3 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+ 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures