初中英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)和習(xí)題(帶答案)-名詞

1、 一、名詞 關(guān)于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)，名詞的格。單數(shù)可用a、an來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an，而不是a 1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s，如：dog-dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es， 如：country-countries。請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s。 如：monkey-monkeys。 (4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es， 如：k

2、nife-knives。 2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep-sheep，fish-fish Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese 3.特殊變化的單詞有：(1)tooth-teeth，foot-feeth(2)man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(德國(guó)人)Germans (3)childchildren 4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它

3、們的謂語(yǔ)，用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的，應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如：news(消息)，maths(數(shù)學(xué))，physics(物理) No news is good news. 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife) 不可數(shù)名詞：1.常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。應(yīng)特別

4、記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常看成單數(shù)。如：Some bread_over there.(be) 3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 4.常用a piece of,a cup of等來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不加s，而piece則可加s。即：twopiecesof bread 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來(lái)表示，

5、如：三箱蘋(píng)果three boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.(be) 2、Could I have three _,please？ A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名詞的格 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法，在名詞后加“ 's”。如：TomTom's譯為“的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday

6、，而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加's 。如：Children's Day 關(guān)于名詞所有格，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。 如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去醫(yī)生家。 2.表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的 3.掌握詞組：a girl of five 一個(gè)五歲的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友 eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate

7、's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my 練習(xí)題一、( ) 1 She was very happy. She          in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potat

8、o B. potatos C. Potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. Teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have som

9、e _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato二、( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. Ideas B. Photos C. Information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice

10、C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a三、( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of or

11、anges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B.

12、 two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. tw

13、o pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes四、( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm? -I've got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3 In the picture there are many_ and two_ . A. sheep; foxe

14、s B. sheeps; foxes D. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( ) 4 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American五、( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like_. !A. chi

15、cken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room六、( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D.

16、 the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works七、( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C. the People Park D. People's Park( ) 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; t

17、he C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many          were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples八、( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a

18、 TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair九、( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women dr

19、iver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor十、( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We came to

20、a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop ,'C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine

21、C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number十一、1. September 10th is_in China.A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, it's under_.A. the teac

22、her's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms十二、( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily a

23、nd Lucy's( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's( ) 3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'( ) 4 Joan is_. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary

24、 and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister十三、( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years' C. year's D. years( ) 2 It's about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is

25、a bit far from here. It's about_.A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's十四、( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room

26、B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this

27、 roof of house十五、( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's C. my father friend D. my father friend's十六、( ) 1 Sydney is a city of_. A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan( ) 2 My fat