劍橋初級(jí)語法整理筆記

1、v1.0可編輯可修改現(xiàn)在時(shí)3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am doing以下動(dòng)詞不可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):likelovewantknowunderstandrememberdependpreferhateneedmeanbelieveforget4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問式：Are you doing5、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I do/work/like 等一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示一般性的事實(shí)、有時(shí)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情：I like big cities.Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常與般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用：I never eatbreakfast.6、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式：I don '

2、t/he doesn ' t +動(dòng)詞原形I don ' t have a bath every day.every day 表每天，作狀語；everyday表每天的，形容詞】7、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問式：Do you Do/does主語動(dòng)詞原形Doyouworkon SundaysDoyourfriendslivenear hereDoesAnneplaytennisWheredoYourfriendsliveHow oftendoyouwashyour hairWhatdoesThis wordmeanHow muchdoesitcostto fly toRome*What do

3、you do 表示“你是做什么工作的“8、have/have got(1)have=have gothas=has gotDon' t have=haven ' tgotDoesn' thave=hasn' t gotDo you have=have yougotDoes he have=has hegot(2) have表“吃、喝、拿”時(shí)，不能用 have got代替havehave breakfast/lunch/dinnerhave a meal/a pizza/a sandwichhave a cup of coffeehave sth to eat/d

4、rink(3)下列短語中，要用 havehavehave a bath/a showerhave a rest/a holiday/a partyhave a nice time/a good trip/funhave a walk/a swim/a gamehave a dream/an accidenthave a babyhave a look15、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1) have done(2) just/already/yetJust 表 "剛才"：we' ve just arrived.Already 表”已經(jīng)“(在預(yù)料之前)：they ' ve al

5、ready arrived . (=before you expected )Yet表"直到現(xiàn)在"(用于否定句和疑問句中)：they haven' t arrived yet .(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與 ever (用于疑問句中)/never連用：Have you ever played golf(4) gone 表 "去而未歸"：she has gone to China.Been 表“去而已歸"：he has been to China.(5) How long have you She has been in Ireland since

6、 Monday/for three days.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Dan and Kate are married.They have been married for four years.Are you marriedHow long have you been married現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)I ' m learning English.How long have you been learningEnglish25、what are you doing tomorrowI am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已經(jīng)安排好明天要做某事/我計(jì)劃明天做

7、某事”I am going to do something. 同上 (be going to 與 will的區(qū)另U)注意：用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)間表、節(jié)目單、火車與公共汽車時(shí)刻表等：The train arrivesat .27、will/shall(1) I shall =I will 、we shall=we will ：I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.在構(gòu)成將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，不可將 shall與you/they/it/he/she等非第一人稱連用：Tom will be late.( 而不能 Tom shall be lat

8、e.)(2) I ' ll 表”提議或決定做某事":I ' ll phone you tomorrow.I think I ' ll/I don ' t think I ' ll 表”決定做某事"：I think I' ll go to bedearly tonight.(3) Shall I /Shall we 表“你認(rèn)為一好嗎”28、might=may29、can/could : could 為過去式30、must/mustn ' t/don ' t need to(4) 表示過去時(shí)，用 had to 而不

9、用 must ： We had to walk home last night.(5) don' t need to = don ' t have to31、should(1) I think should/I don ' t think .should/do you think should(2) ought to =should32、I have to(1)表過去時(shí)，用 had to(2)表示認(rèn)為有必要做某事或提出個(gè)人看法時(shí)，must或have to都可以不是表個(gè)人看法時(shí)，只能用 have to :Eg: You can' t park your car h

10、ere for nothing. You have to pay.(非個(gè)人看法)I t' s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.33、I used to/I didn ' t used to/ did you use to 38、there has been/there have been一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)There was an accident last night.Look! There ' s been an accident.When we arrived at the theatre

11、,This road is very dangerous. Therethere was a long queue outside.have been many accidents.Why are those policemen outside the bankThere' s been /there was a robbery.41、反義疑問句Have you/are you/don ' t you 表”對(duì)某事感興趣或感到驚奇”I' ve bought a new car.Oh, have you記住：前否后肯，前肯后否It ' s a nice day, i

12、sn ' t itThat isn ' t your car, is it42、 too/either so am I/neither do I(1)句尾too (肯定)I ' m happy too.either (否定)I ' m not happy either.I，m happy.So am I(so was he/so do I/sowould I)I ' m notI' m not happyNeither am I(可用nor代替neither)I am(2) both+復(fù)數(shù)名詞either/neither單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)b

13、oth(of)theeitherofthese/those neithermy/your/Paul ' s 44、疑問句(1) is it /have you /do they why isn ' t /why don' t (2) who saw you/who did you see(3)以特殊疑問詞開頭的句子，介詞位于句尾：where are you from(4) what' s it like/what are they like表詢問某事物的情況新舊、好壞、大小等（5）疑問詞whatWhat+名詞What ti me /what size不加名詞Wh

14、at' s your namewhichWhich+名詞（物/人）Which train did youcatch不加名詞時(shí)，不指代人Which is biggesthowHow玻容詞/副詞How tall are youHow deep/howheavy/how high/how big What （范圍更廣）Which （選擇較少）What' s the capital of ArgentinaWhich colour do you prefer, pink or yellow52、不定式與-ing形式動(dòng)詞+ 不定式wantplandecidetry+to (tohopee

15、xpectofferforgetwork/to do/toneedpromiserefuselearnbe)動(dòng)詞+-ingenjoystopsuggest+-ing(doing/workimindfinishng)動(dòng)詞+-ing或不定式likelovestartcontinue+-ing/topreferhatebegin55、go togo to workgo to schoolgo to universitygo to hospitalgo to prisongo to bedgo to sleepgo to churchgo to the bank/thetheatre/the airp

16、ortgo homego to the doctor/dentist(be)at work(be)at school(be)at university(be)in hospital(be)in prison(be)in bed(be)in/at church(be)at homego ongo on holidaygo on a tripgo on a tourgo on an excursiongo on a cruisego on a strikego forgo for a walkgo for a rungo for a swimgo for a drinkgo for mealgo(

17、going/went/gone)shoppingswimmingfishingsailingskiingjogging56、get +名詞（收到/買到/找到某物）get a job/get a letterget + 交通工具get a busget a trainget a taxiget +形容詞（變得.）get hungryget coldget tiredget to + 地點(diǎn)（到達(dá)）get to workget to NY(get here/get home)get的短語get in a carget out of a carget on a busget off a busget

18、married（結(jié)婚）get dressed（穿衣）get lost （迷路）57、do 與 makedodo an examdo a testdo a coursedo homeworkdo houseworkdo somebody a favourdo an exercisedo the shoppingdo the washing 洗衣服do the washing-up 洗碗do the ironing熨燙do the cookingmakemake a mistakemake an appointmentmake a phone callmake a listmake a noise

19、make a bedmake a film 拍電影take a photograph 拍照66、名詞在英語中，下列詞語以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)：scissors glasses trousers jeans shorts tights pyjamaspeople police以下名詞通常不可數(shù)advice bread furniture hair information news weather worka bottle ofwatera carton of milka bar of chocolate/ a box ofchocolatesa piece ofcheesea bottle of perfu

20、mea piece of musica bowl of ricea cup of coffeea game of tennis73、the的用法the sun the moon the world the sky the sea the countrythe police the fire brigade the armythe top the end the middle the leftthe piano the guitar the trumpetthe radiothe Internet一、/注息：1. television/TV不用 the : I watch TV a lot. 但

21、是 can you turn off theTV(=the TV set)2. breakfast/lunch/dinner等不力口 the3.next/last + week/month/year/summer等不加the4.球類名詞前小加 the5.學(xué)科名詞前/、加thethe（地名）1.地域名稱前一般不用theFrance/Japan/Peru2.與國家、島嶼、山脈等名稱的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用the Alps/the Philippines/theNetherlands/the Canary Islands3.洋、海、江、河的名稱前用thethe Atlantic/the Amazon/theN

22、ile/the Black sea4.街道、廣場等名稱前/、用thelives in Newton Street/HighfieldRoad/Times Square5.機(jī)場、車站、大學(xué)、城堡等重要建筑物不用theKennedy Airport/LondonZoo/Victoria Station6.賓館、影院、劇院、博物館的名稱前要用thethe Regent Hotel/the NationalTheatre/the Science Museum7.表方位時(shí)用thethe north/south/east/west of77、not + any/no/more(1) not + any=n

23、o .=not a(2) no通常用于 have (got)與 there is/are 之后(3)動(dòng)詞否定形式+any =動(dòng)詞肯定形式+no(4) no之后接名詞、none可單獨(dú)使用None 表示"無"；no-one 表示“沒人nobody = not + anybodyno-one =not + anyonenothing = not + anything80、every/all(1) every +單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(2) everywhere 是副詞all+citiesmostchildrensomebooksany nomoneyall(of)thethis

24、/that these/those my/your most someany noneof83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a)few(1) a lot of +可數(shù)/不可數(shù)，也可不跟名詞(2) much+可數(shù)，用于否定句與疑問句，也可不跟名詞(3) many+M數(shù)(4)a little+ 不可數(shù)表"有一點(diǎn)但不多”a few+復(fù)數(shù)表"有一點(diǎn)但是不多”little+ 不可數(shù) 表“幾乎沒有”few+復(fù)數(shù)表“幾乎沒有”88、a bit older/ much olderA bit older than .A bit more difficult tha

25、nMuch better than Much more expensive than 89、not as - asNot as much as .Not as many as The same as-.90、the oldest/ the most expensiveve ever .等可用最高級(jí)+I ' ve eve；/ you 'The film was ve ry bad. I think it's the worst film Ive ever seen.What is the most unusual thing youve ever doneenough f

26、or sb/sthtoo .for sb/sthenough to do sthtoo .to do sthenough for sb/sth to dotoo .-for sb to dosthsth91、enough/too93、詞序(1)地點(diǎn)狀語位于時(shí)間狀語之前：we went to a party last night.(2) always/never/often等詞用于動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間:always often ever rarely also already allusually sometimes never seldom just stillI always

27、bothdrinkcoffee in the morning.I am always tired.I will always remember you. / I can never find my keys.96、give/ lend/pass/send/show/buy/getgive sth to sbgive sb sth注意：當(dāng)某物為代詞 it或them時(shí)，用第一種結(jié)構(gòu)比較好：I gave it to my father.98、when(1)當(dāng)以when開頭時(shí)，兩部分用逗號(hào)隔開：When I went out, it was raining.(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于 when之后表示將來

28、：Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New_York.When I get home this evening, I ' m going to have a shower.(3) before/while/after/until 的用法類似：Please close the window before you go out.I ' ll wait here until you come back.99、if(1) if之后常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call

29、 meI/you/he would .What shall we do if it rains(2) if I/you/he/she/they/it hadif I/it/he/shewas或if I/it/he/she were .(這里的動(dòng)詞都是過去式)IfIhad/knew/lived/wentIwould(nbuyyyou't)beoudidn ' t have/didn ' titcould(nhaveiknow lthey't)twerego.tcould hey在這種句子里，句意表示事實(shí)上這個(gè)假設(shè)不成立：If I had the money, I

30、would buy a fast car.事實(shí)上我沒有錢買車。I wou Idn ' t go out if I were you.事實(shí)上我不是你。（3）比較if I have/ if it is I must go and see Helen. If I have time, I will go today. (=maybe I' llhave time, so maybe I ' ll go)I ' ll help you if I can.(=maybe I can help you)if I had/if it was I must go and see

31、 Helen. If I had time, I would go today. (=I don ' t have time today, so I will not go)I'd help you if I could, but I can' t.103、at/on/in(1)at （時(shí)間點(diǎn)）8 o ' clockmidnighton （星期、日期、節(jié)日）Sunday/Monday 25 April/6 JuneNew Year' s Dayin （月份、年份、季節(jié)）April/June2003/1998summer/spring（2）固定搭配at t

32、he weekendin the morningon Monday morningat nightin the afternoonon Tuesday afternoonat Christmasin the eveningat the end ofat the momentin five minutes: this 、 last 、 next、 every 等前不用介詞,如 next year106、in/at/oninin a roomin a shopin the waterin Brazilin the fieldatat the bus stopat the doorat the traffic lightsat her deskat the top/bottom/end of (at the age of 21/at 50kilometreshour/at 100 degrees)anonon a shelfon a plateon a balconyon the flooron a wallon a dooron the ceilingon a horse/bicycle/motorbi