導學案：形式主語和形式賓語

1、形式主語和形式賓語【語言感知】把下列句子譯成漢語1. It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny' s birthday party or not2. It' s a pitthat you missed the exciting football match.3. It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.4. It seemedthat he didn ' th eetruth.5.lt' necessary for the young

2、 to master two foreign language.6. It's very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.7. It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It's a waste of time talking to her any more.9. It took the workers almost three years to finish buildi ng the dam.10. He found it diffi

3、cult to stop smok ing11.1 think it best that you should do more exercise.12.She thought it no good worrying about him.【合作探究】形式主語或形式賓語指的是：當不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作主語或賓語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語或形式賓語置于句首或句中動詞之后，而將真正的主語或賓語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。主要有：一、it作形式主語It作形式主語的常見句型： It + be + 形容詞 + to do

4、sth. / doi ng / thate.g. It is very important to learn a foreign Ianguage.（ 學一門外語非常重要。 ）It is useless crying over the spilt milk.（ 覆水難收。）It was really surprising that she married a man like that.（她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。） It + be +名詞詞組 + doi ng / that .e.g. It is no good telling lies.（撒謊沒好處。）It is a pity that

5、 you didn 'go to see the film yesterday.（你昨天沒看成那部電影真遺憾。）It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.（沒有共產(chǎn)黨就沒有新中國，這是毋庸質(zhì)疑的。） It + be +過去分詞 + that .該句型常見動詞有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have inven ted

6、a new type of computer.（據(jù)說他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。）It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.（大家都相信中國將會步入世界強國之列。）It was reported that more tha n 170 thousa nd people died in the 2004 tsun ami.（據(jù)報道，至少有十七萬人在2004年那場海嘯中喪生。） It + seems / appears / happe ns 等不及物動詞 + that .e.g.

7、It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.（似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。）It appears that Tom might change his mind.（看來湯姆可能會改變主意。） 若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。e.g. Does it matter much that they won 'come tomorrow?（他們明天不來很重要嗎？ ）Is it true that he will go abroad next week?（他下周出國是真的嗎？） It + takes + （sb.） + some time + to

8、 do sth.這是一個表示“某人）花多少時間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中 的sb也可以省略。e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.（我花了一些時間才讀完那段閱讀材料。）It took him fourtee n hours to go to NewZeala nd from Shan ghai by pla ne.（從上海乘飛機去新西蘭花了他14小時。）How long does it take you to go to Beiji ng from Qin gda

9、o by train ?（ 從青島坐火車到北京一般要花多久時間？）I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.二.it作形式賓語在句中，通常會在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語移至句末，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為動詞+it+賓語補足語+不定式（動名詞或從句）"：I find it difficult to do the job well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。I thi nk it best that you should stay here.我認為你最好住這兒。通常意義的形式賓語其真正賓語

10、為不定式、動名詞、從句等且其后跟有賓語補足語時的情形，即用于動詞+it+賓語補足語+真正的賓語”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，但以下幾類形式賓語卻比較特殊，其后沒有賓語補足語。 當不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動詞的賓語時（如think, make, find,con sider, feel, suppose 等）；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們中國人一起工作很愉快。）I don 'feel it difficult to understand the Special

11、English.（ 我覺得理解英語特別節(jié)目并不難。） 某些表示 喜、怒、哀、樂"的動詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句；e.g. I don 'like it that he 'so lazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）I hate it whe n my mother asks me to eat eggs.（我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。） that引導的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（盡管放心，我們會隨時幫你的。 ）

12、由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時，須借用it。e.g. I leave it to your own judgme nt whether you should do it.（ 我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）【當堂檢測】一.形式主語、形式賓語專項練習1. It's easiertha nD. say ing; doingD. goD. for;to lear nD. it'sA. say; doB. to say; to doC. says; does2. It takes me 30 minu testo school by bike every d

13、ay.A. goingB. to goC. goes3. It's not easyusa foreig n Ian guage.A. for;lear ningB. of; lear ningC. of;to lear n4. Childre n findin teresti ng to play computer games.A. thatB. whichC. it5. Do you thi nk it importa ntcomputer well?A. playB. playsC. to playD. play ing6. Isn ecessary to complete th

14、e desig n before Nati onal Day?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he7. I don 'thinkpossible to master a foreign Ianguage without much memory work.A. thisB.thatC.itsD.it8. Doesmatterif he can'finish the job ontime?A. thisB.thatC.heD.it9. Tom 'mother kept telli ng him that he should work harder; butdid

15、 n 'help.A. heB.whichC.sheD.it10.is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern atio nal la nguage.A. ThereB. ThisC. That11. I hatewhe n people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. theseD. ItD. them12. I likein the autu mn whe n the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD.

16、 one13. happe nedhe is unfit for the office.A. This; thatB. That; thatC. It; that14. We tookfor gran ted that they would accept our advice.A. thatB. thisC. itD. He; thatD. them15. that the scie ntist will give us a talk n ext mon th?A. Is trueB. Is it trueC. It ' trueD. It' truly16. does n&#

17、39;tmatter muchdress you are going to wear.A. This; thatB. That; whoC. It; whichD. It; who17.is going to America for further study.A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said heD. It is said that heA. ThisB. ThatC. ThereD.It19. Ispossible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. thisB. ther

18、eC. thatD.it20. She likedwhe n he kissed her.A. himB. thatC. oneD.it21.will do you good to do some exercise every morningA. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD.One22. We thi nkour duty to pay taxes to our gover nment.A. thatB. thisC. itsD.it18. They are good frien ds.is no won der that they know each other so well.

19、23. I "d appreciateif you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you24 . -What do you think made Mary so upset? -血 new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Los ing25. Our mon itor suggesteda discussi on of this subject.D. Because of los ingA. to haveB. should have26. I

20、t "very kindyoume.A. for; help ing B. of ; help27-What do you think of the book ?A. to readB. to be read28. It 'sno use forward toC. haveD. havi ngC. for; to helpD. of; to help-Oh; excellent . It's wortha second time.C. readi ngD. being read from her soon.A. to look; to hearB. look ing;

21、 heari ng C. look ing; hearD. look; hear29. It took the workme n only two hours to finishmy car.A. repairi ngB. repairC. to repairD. repaired30. clea n is a safeguard aga inst disease.A. To be keep ingKey:1 5 BBDCC1620 CDDDDD. Keep ingB. Kept6 10 CDDDD21 25 ADBCDC. Keep11 15 ACCCB26 30 DCBAD.B. has

22、C. isD. haveD. areD. wereD. areD. have bee nD. wasD. wasD. isD. areD. hasD. are praisedD. are中考英語主謂一致練習題（含答案）20. Many a manhad that kind of experie nee. A. have21. No food and no waterin the house.A. isB. hasC. are22. Joh n and his unclegoing hik ing tomorrow.A. beB. amC. is23. Whenthe Uni ted Nati

23、ons fou nded?A. isB. wasC. are24. Either my friends or Igoing to the library on Mon day.A. isB. beC. am25. -Why did you choose En glish in stead of Japa nese?-Because Japa neseas popular as En glish.A. isn 'B. aren 'C. has been26. Only one and a half oran geson the plate.A. isB. areC. be27.

24、Nowadays more and more the youngfond of pop music.A. areB. isC. were28. To save timeto len gthe n life.A. areB. wasC. were29. Therea football match and two table tennis matches betwee n Class Eight n ext week.A. will haveB. hasC. is going to be D. are gone to be30. The Chin esepeace but they aren 'tafraid of war.A. loveB. lovesC. lovedD. lovi ng31. -Thereno orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum.A. isB. areC. wasD. were32. How time fli