園林專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文-論居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)

1、目錄摘要1前言11 居住區(qū)綠化的重要作用11.1 綠化作用的具體表現(xiàn)12 福州市概況. 12. 1. 自然狀況22. 2. 居住區(qū)公共綠地植物配置現(xiàn)狀及分析23 綠化規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì).33.1. 生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)33.1.1 應(yīng)用生態(tài)園林理論33.1.2 提高居住區(qū)綠化的綠地率33.1 3 增大葉面積指數(shù)提高公共綠地綠化的生態(tài)效益33 1.4 提高綠地的觀賞和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值.33 1.5 保證綠地的景觀質(zhì)量.34 居住區(qū)綠化中的植物配置34.1. 考慮住宅樓的布局44.2. 考慮住宅樓的采光44.3. 妥善安排居住區(qū)內(nèi)的生活雜務(wù)用地44.4. 居住區(qū)設(shè)施等合理布置55 綠化空間的延伸55.1.開(kāi)拓垂直綠化，走立體綠

2、化之路55.2.營(yíng)造屋頂花園，開(kāi)辟綠化新空間55.3.充分利用空間，大力發(fā)展陽(yáng)臺(tái)和棚架綠化66 結(jié)論6參考文獻(xiàn)6致謝6論居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)【摘 要】全文首先突出了居住區(qū)綠化在當(dāng)前社會(huì)中的重要作用，從居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)中存在的問(wèn)題，道出了當(dāng)前居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)中方方面面存在的不足之處。然后針對(duì)這一情形，列出了居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)遵循的一些原則及居住區(qū)植物配置的要點(diǎn)，最后適時(shí)為延伸綠化空間提出可行之法，體現(xiàn)居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)的重要意義?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】 居住區(qū)；設(shè)計(jì)；綠化前 言 居住區(qū)綠化是城市綠化的重要組成部分，它對(duì)提高居民生活環(huán)境質(zhì)量，增進(jìn)居民的身心健康至關(guān)重要。居住小區(qū)的綠化水平，是體現(xiàn)城市現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。隨著

3、城市現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的加快，居住區(qū)的綠化水平也應(yīng)相應(yīng)的提高，以更好地滿足人們對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的不同要求。加強(qiáng)居住區(qū)綠化建設(shè)，提高設(shè)計(jì)水平，在尊重傳統(tǒng)、尊重科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上擯棄原有落后的環(huán)境，著重注意生態(tài)及景觀設(shè)計(jì)，使居住區(qū)綠化工作再上新臺(tái)階。1 居住區(qū)綠化的重要作用 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，生活水平的日益提高，以福州市為例，逐步邁向小康生活階段的城市居民，對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的要求已越來(lái)越高，能生活在一種至美的環(huán)境中成為人們生活的理想追求。隨著人們購(gòu)房心態(tài)的理智和成熟，居民對(duì)住宅需求已逐漸從“居者有其屋”普通住宅轉(zhuǎn)向了“居者優(yōu)其屋”的有益身心健康的綠色住宅。美麗的園林綠化環(huán)境已成為住宅小區(qū)最基本的要素，并且直接關(guān)系到小區(qū)

4、的整體水平及質(zhì)量，同時(shí)它又是房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商是否能夠經(jīng)營(yíng)成功的一個(gè)極重要的因素，對(duì)商品住宅的銷售產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響。有的開(kāi)發(fā)商在住宅建筑未完工，甚至是尚未開(kāi)工時(shí)就進(jìn)行園林綠化的建設(shè)，為客戶展示真實(shí)的環(huán)境景觀，有的房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商不惜重金邀請(qǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)外聞名的景觀設(shè)計(jì)公司對(duì)其開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行園林景觀的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，以達(dá)到促進(jìn)銷售的目的。房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)策劃理念也從“賣地段”走到了“賣環(huán)境”市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷階段。因此，居住區(qū)綠化起著重要的作用：本論文以福州市為例。2 福州市概況1. 1 自然狀況 宿遷市屬暖溫帶季風(fēng)性氣候,四季分明,光照充足,雨水豐沛,無(wú)霜期較長(zhǎng),年平均氣溫14.2,年平均降水量910 mm。境內(nèi)地勢(shì)平坦,土地肥沃,是

5、我國(guó)著名的商品糧基地。林業(yè)資源極為豐富,被譽(yù)為中國(guó)意楊第一故鄉(xiāng)?？晒╅_(kāi)發(fā)利用的城市居住區(qū)綠化植物相當(dāng)豐富。1. 2 居住區(qū)公共綠地植物配置現(xiàn)狀及分析，截至2006 年,宿遷市人均共綠地4 m2 ,離國(guó)家園林城市標(biāo)準(zhǔn),人均公共綠地6 m2 有很大差距。綠地內(nèi)物結(jié)構(gòu)單一,生物多樣性體現(xiàn)不充分,植被種類較少,季相色相不鮮明。通過(guò)對(duì)6個(gè)典型住宅區(qū)的調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn) ,東方花園、朗秀東城、豫苑小區(qū)在物應(yīng)用上較豐富,上層木主見(jiàn)廣玉蘭、雪松、梧桐,偶見(jiàn)櫻花、銀杏、香樟、樹(shù)、泡桐等;3 個(gè)小區(qū)在中層木的選用上最為豐富,東方花園有20 多種植物,主要有桂花、山茶、海桐、衛(wèi)矛、杜鵑、棕櫚等;下層地被植物主要有蔥蘭、土

6、麥冬、沿階草、紅花酢漿草、白花三葉草以及一些花卉,如蝴蝶花、鳶尾、石蒜等,其中朗秀東城下層地被植物僅有細(xì)葉麥冬和蔥蘭。以上3 個(gè)小區(qū)雖植物種類較多,但在配置上不合理,層次感不強(qiáng),線條性不分明,季節(jié)性不突出珠江小區(qū)、文興花園和某廠家屬樓綠化較差,僅見(jiàn)幾種植物,種類單調(diào),上木僅有香樟、雪松,地被植物僅有一種沿階草,珠江小區(qū)為闊葉麥冬。東方花園、朗秀東城在宿遷市屬于最好的樓盤,其各項(xiàng)調(diào)查指標(biāo)顯然較其他的小區(qū)好。豫苑小區(qū)、珠江小區(qū)是普通的商品房,但豫苑小區(qū)在植物配置上較珠江小區(qū)好些。文興花園、某廠家屬樓則屬于普通的住宅小區(qū),調(diào)查結(jié)果均不理想。實(shí)際調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,群落物種出現(xiàn)頻率較高的是桂花、楊樹(shù)、瓜子黃

7、楊、海桐、泡桐、廣玉蘭、日本晚櫻、紫薇等,整體上大部分植物應(yīng)用不廣,應(yīng)增加綠化植物的種類,大力發(fā)展地被植物、宿根花卉、攀緣植物。3 綠化規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)2. 1 生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì) 居住區(qū)的綠化規(guī)劃,必須以城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),注重生態(tài)效益,以提高居民小區(qū)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量,維護(hù)和保持城市的生態(tài)平衡3 。2. 1. 1 應(yīng)用生態(tài)園林理論，是搞好居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)的先決條件。生態(tài)園林是根據(jù)植物的生態(tài)學(xué)原理,因地制宜地將喬木、灌木、藤本、草本植物相互配置在一個(gè)群落中,有層次、厚度、色彩,使具有不同生物特性的植物各得其所,從而充分利用陽(yáng)光、空氣、土地、肥力,實(shí)行集約經(jīng)營(yíng),構(gòu)成一個(gè)和諧、有序、穩(wěn)定、壯觀且能長(zhǎng)期共存的復(fù)層混交的立體植

8、物群落,使居住區(qū)綠化發(fā)揮更好的生效益。2. 1. 2 提高居住區(qū)綠化的綠地率。在居住區(qū)內(nèi)硬質(zhì)建筑面積較大,相對(duì)綠地面積很少,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),應(yīng)合理分配園林諸要素,重點(diǎn)突出植物造景,同時(shí)充分運(yùn)用植物覆蓋一切裸地,努力提高單位面積的綠地率和綠視率。如鋪成石板嵌草道路要比純硬質(zhì)的道路好;附著有攀援植物的墻體要比無(wú)攀援植物的更能發(fā)揮生態(tài)效益;花架要比亭子更能提高綠視率。2 1.3 增大葉面積指數(shù)提高公共綠地綠化的生態(tài)效益。葉面積指數(shù)= 葉面積/ 單位面積。葉面積指數(shù)是決定園林綠地生態(tài)效益大小的最具實(shí)質(zhì)性的因素改善植物的空間分布狀況,是提高綠化水平的有效途徑。運(yùn)用生態(tài)園林原理,設(shè)計(jì)多層結(jié)構(gòu),喬木下栽植耐陰的灌木

9、和地被植物,構(gòu)成復(fù)層混交的人工植物群落以得到最大的葉面積總和,提高公共綠地綠化的生態(tài)含量。2 1.4 提高綠地的觀賞和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。生態(tài)園林是良性循環(huán)的園林,應(yīng)用生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,在多層次人工植物群落中,選擇抗性較強(qiáng)的植物,使環(huán)境不受藥劑的污染,提倡生物治蟲(chóng),選擇落果少、少飛絮、無(wú)刺、無(wú)味、無(wú)毒、無(wú)污染物的植物,以保持居住區(qū)內(nèi)的清潔衛(wèi)生和居民安全。適當(dāng)考慮植物的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,許多植物不僅是優(yōu)良的觀賞植物,且是優(yōu)良的經(jīng)濟(jì)植物,如銀杏是珍貴的園林樹(shù)種,同時(shí)果實(shí)又可藥用和食用,樹(shù)葉可作茶飲用,且材質(zhì)優(yōu)良。2.1 5 保證綠地的景觀質(zhì)量。從生物學(xué)的角度來(lái)講,植物種類的多樣化有利于物種基因的保護(hù),增強(qiáng)生物群落的穩(wěn)

10、定性;為追求景觀效果,也需要選擇和應(yīng)用多種植物類型來(lái)滿足不同造景的需要。合理配置花、草、灌、木,體現(xiàn)出居住區(qū)的綠化、彩化、香化,做到四季皆春,景色宜人。 4 居住區(qū)綠化中的植物配置 按照居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)的總體構(gòu)思，居住區(qū)綠化中的植物配置應(yīng)以下原則：4.1 考慮住宅樓的布局:宅旁綠地的面積和布置方式,受居住區(qū)內(nèi)建筑布置方式、建筑密度、間距大小、建筑層數(shù)以及朝向等條件所影響。一般周邊式布置的建筑之間，除道路外，常形成建筑前后狹長(zhǎng)的綠化地帶。行列式建筑能使住宅爭(zhēng)取到較好的朝向，因此是當(dāng)前采用較多的住宅區(qū)規(guī)劃形式。按照這種住宅樓的布置行列式地種植喬、灌木，雖能節(jié)省投資，但比較簡(jiǎn)單、呆板。近年來(lái)，很多物業(yè)

11、化管理小區(qū)相繼建成，小區(qū)內(nèi)配置設(shè)施完備，并且預(yù)留了足夠的綠化空間，對(duì)這種布置的住宅區(qū)多采用樓間組團(tuán)綠化形式。綠化設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)根據(jù)小區(qū)內(nèi)不同的設(shè)施，將綠地自然貫穿、配置在其中，使綠化配置的更自然、協(xié)調(diào)一些。4.2 考慮住宅樓的采光 宅旁綠地應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量集中在向陽(yáng)的一側(cè)。因?yàn)樽≌瑯浅弦粋?cè)往往形成良好的小氣候條件。光照條件好，有利于植物生長(zhǎng)，可采用豐富的植物種類，但種植要注意不影響室內(nèi)的通風(fēng)和采光。種植喬木，不要與建筑距離太近，在窗口下也不要種植大灌木。住宅北側(cè)日光不足不利于植物生長(zhǎng)，可將甬路、埋置管線布置在這里。綠化時(shí)，應(yīng)采用耐蔭植物種類。另外，在東西兩側(cè)可種植高大喬木遮擋夏日的驕陽(yáng)，在西北側(cè)可種植高大

12、喬木以阻擋冬季的寒風(fēng)。科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，喬木周圍溫度冬高夏低，比較穩(wěn)定，所以，宅間綠化不管采用何種方式，都要以喬木為主。對(duì)于那些有電線、電話線、熱力、煤氣管道通過(guò)，不適合種喬木的地方，為了減少塵土，調(diào)節(jié)溫度，要設(shè)計(jì)種植草坪。4.3 妥善安排居住區(qū)內(nèi)的生活雜務(wù)用地 在做住宅區(qū)綠化規(guī)劃時(shí)，居住區(qū)內(nèi)的生活雜務(wù)用地必須妥善予以安排?？稍诿看苯ㄖ鋈肟诟浇?，有陽(yáng)光照射的地方，設(shè)曬衣場(chǎng)；在樓道口左右兩邊設(shè)臨時(shí)存車處；垃圾箱或垃圾堆積處要有方便的出入口，便于垃圾的清理和運(yùn)輸，此外還要適當(dāng)隱蔽，以利觀瞻；兒童活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所應(yīng)布置在居住宅較遠(yuǎn)的地方，以保證住宅的安靜。總之，在做住宅區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，不但要實(shí)現(xiàn)綠化，美化的作用

13、；還要合理布局，從而避免綠地因設(shè)計(jì)上的缺陷而遭人為破壞的結(jié)果。否則即使種了，也是由于不方便群眾活動(dòng)而受到破壞。4.4. 居住區(qū)設(shè)施等合理布置 住宅區(qū)在綠化時(shí)，不能全部種滿樹(shù)木，應(yīng)該預(yù)留出足夠的地方設(shè)置必要的器械，設(shè)施供成人，兒童休息，娛樂(lè)。凡是設(shè)有座椅等供人休息的地方，都應(yīng)種植遮蔭的大喬木。對(duì)于早期建成的小區(qū)，可能在綠化用地的布局上不合理或預(yù)留綠化用地，在小區(qū)改造過(guò)程中，水平拓展綠地的可能性不大，這是應(yīng)考慮采用爬藤植物對(duì)住宅樓，圍墻等進(jìn)行垂直綠化。在條件允許的情況下，每幢建筑的前庭都規(guī)劃一個(gè)開(kāi)放式的小花園，每個(gè)花園的構(gòu)圖，布局應(yīng)各有特色，使居民特別是兒童很容易識(shí)別自己的住所。 在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件不具備

14、的地方，應(yīng)考慮如何利用自然生長(zhǎng)的野草，雖然野草不太美觀，但它也可起到減少塵土、凈化空氣的作用；何況如果能加強(qiáng)對(duì)野草的管理，及時(shí)修剪，那么視覺(jué)效果也不會(huì)太差。5 綠化空間的延伸5.1.開(kāi)拓垂直綠化，走立體綠化之路。住宅建筑的立面綠化有利用生態(tài)環(huán)境，植物的生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程明顯的改善著小氣候。最顯著的變化莫過(guò)于降低夏季室內(nèi)溫度，提高小環(huán)境的空氣濕度，增加含氧量。墻面綠化植物可以反射和吸收太陽(yáng)輻射熱的70%左右，太陽(yáng)光使植物的水分蒸發(fā)，在灼熱的陽(yáng)光下，植物消耗掉大量的太陽(yáng)能?？諝庵兴羝龆?，氣溫就會(huì)下降，植物有吸附空氣懸浮塵粒子的作用灰塵也就少，這些都有利于人類的生存。墻面綠化可供選擇的攀緣植物是較廣泛的。

15、爬山虎、常春藤、地錦、衛(wèi)矛、喇叭花、薔薇、藤本月季、金銀花等等都是很好的爬墻與攀緣植物。我們實(shí)驗(yàn)用落葉的爬山虎和常綠的衛(wèi)矛或常春藤，用觀葉攀緣植物進(jìn)行墻面綠化布置，收到了很好的功能要求和園林觀賞效果。而對(duì)于諸如薔薇、藤本月季等植物，綁扎與修枝是必不可少的。5.2.營(yíng)造屋頂花園，開(kāi)辟綠化新空間屋頂?shù)木G化不但可以增加一部分植物種植面積，而且還可以使屋頂雨水的排放量減少三分之一，其余三分之二的雨水形成蓄存在屋頂上，屋頂密封層中的溫度只會(huì)緩慢地上升到25度左右，而在嚴(yán)寒的冬季，溫度也不會(huì)降至零下。由于溫差較小，整個(gè)屋頂?shù)臒岷奢d明顯的小于綠化的砂石平屋頂?shù)臒岷奢d。實(shí)用、精美和安全是營(yíng)造屋頂花園的三要素，

16、而“安全”是屋頂花園的保證。屋頂?shù)某兄啬芰头缆┨幚韯t是保證屋頂花園的安全的關(guān)鍵。特別是利用原有住宅建筑屋頂改建屋頂花園尤其要處理好著兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。目前的住宅建筑在屋頂?shù)暮奢d設(shè)計(jì)上基本在150KG/平方米，這就要求在營(yíng)造屋頂花園時(shí)，綠化苗木種植土層、過(guò)濾層和防漏處理層以及雪、雨等自然因素的總重量不得超過(guò)150KG/平方米。首先，我們?cè)诜N植土中加入了蛭石等輕質(zhì)材料，同時(shí)，把種植土層控制在25厘米左右，過(guò)濾層和防漏處理層采用超薄型架空混凝土板結(jié)合防水卷材的方法，綠化設(shè)計(jì)盡量采用低矮花灌木等措施，成功的營(yíng)造了1500平方米住宅樓屋頂花園。5.3.充分利用空間，大力發(fā)展陽(yáng)臺(tái)和棚架綠化隨著物質(zhì)文化生活水平的

17、日益提高，人們對(duì)居室和道路環(huán)境的要求也越來(lái)越高，陽(yáng)臺(tái)綠化，不但能滿足人們屋內(nèi)擺花的需求，改善居室空間環(huán)境，還能美化建筑物立面。而棚架綠化，除了有遮蔭、美化等效果外，更能彌補(bǔ)居住區(qū)綠化用地不足的缺陷，為改善居住區(qū)小生態(tài)環(huán)境作出貢獻(xiàn)。陽(yáng)臺(tái)綠化的形式是多種多樣的，植物的選擇亦很廣泛。只要掌握安全和實(shí)用這兩個(gè)原則就可以了。目前，居室擺花與陽(yáng)臺(tái)綠化的有機(jī)結(jié)合，已成為人們美化生活的時(shí)尚。選擇常綠耐蔭的溫室觀葉花卉，如文竹吊蘭、花、龜背竹、葉常春藤等等，都能很好的改善居室環(huán)境。6 結(jié)論目前，我國(guó)城市綠化水平及城市生態(tài)環(huán)境改善的需要與國(guó)外相比都有極大的差距。開(kāi)拓居住區(qū)新型綠化空間，加強(qiáng)居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)素養(yǎng)，無(wú)疑

18、是縮小這個(gè)差距的有效手段之一。合理利用建筑物以及一切可以進(jìn)行園林綠化的場(chǎng)所，進(jìn)行居住區(qū)綠色空間的再創(chuàng)造，建成花園式的小區(qū)是人們的期盼，也是園林工作者努力奮斗的目標(biāo)。參考文獻(xiàn)： 【1】李漢飛.環(huán)境為先巧在立意-淺談居住區(qū)環(huán)境景觀設(shè)計(jì).中國(guó)園林，2002.02【2】楊向杰.居住區(qū)綠化存在的問(wèn)題及解決對(duì)策.住宅科技，1997.06【3】施衛(wèi).居住區(qū)綠化經(jīng)濟(jì)性問(wèn)題探討浙江社會(huì)科學(xué)，1996【4】吳小巧.談我省居住區(qū)綠化現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對(duì)策江蘇綠化，1997【5】楊向杰.居住區(qū)綠化存在的問(wèn)題及解決對(duì)策住宅科，1997【6】張明. 淺談城市居住區(qū)新型綠化空間的開(kāi)拓華東森林經(jīng)，1997致謝在論文的寫作過(guò)程中，周玉

19、敏老師多次給予答疑幫助，指導(dǎo)老師黃金芬老師多次抽出寶貴的時(shí)間，對(duì)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的審閱，并針對(duì)居住區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)注重的實(shí)際問(wèn)題提出了實(shí)效性的看法，對(duì)此論的書(shū)寫啟發(fā)指導(dǎo)甚大，在此表示由衷的感謝！其次，感謝我的室友們，從遙遠(yuǎn)的家來(lái)到這個(gè)陌生的城市里，是你們和我共同維系著彼此之間姐妹般的感情，維系著寢室那份家的融洽，人生自古傷離別，沒(méi)關(guān)系，各奔前程吧，大家珍重！最后，感謝我的父母，你們的養(yǎng)育之恩我無(wú)以回報(bào)，你們永遠(yuǎn)健康快樂(lè)是我最大的心愿！請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip du

20、ring Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large

21、 crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also

22、 to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you' ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the

23、 crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded

24、 places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial d

25、estination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic

26、 site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow

27、covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a t

28、ourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country's

29、 largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part o

30、f the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom ha

31、ve travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your

32、 heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the We

33、aving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early

34、August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a f

35、ormer god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son

36、 and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he d

37、iscovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang's misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enr

38、aged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed

39、 Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Veg

40、a, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters' Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test o