虛擬語氣用法詳解

1、河高高三英語語法專題講練虛擬語氣用法編制人：唐明蘭 審核人：郭春林 序號：3 班級： 姓名： 小組： 一、 條件句中的虛擬語氣條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。時間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式現(xiàn)在did (be 用 were)would / should / might / could + do過去had donewould / should / might / could have done 將來did (be用were)should + dowere to do would / should / might / could + do(1)現(xiàn)在時

2、的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he were free, he would help us.。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. (2)過去時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果(3)將來時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would

3、make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 注意：1. 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有 were, should, had 時，if 可省略，而將 were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us.Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired h

4、im to work here. 2. 錯綜時間虛擬語氣當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre last night.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 二、 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動詞。這些

5、動詞可歸納記憶為“I drop caps”這一形式，即：insist, demand, request, require, recommend, order, persist, command, advise, propose, suggest等。The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 注意：當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch

6、. His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的名詞充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時，表語從句及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動詞原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 2. wish 之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本

7、不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在過去時(be 用were )過去had done將來would / could / might / should + 原形動詞例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。注意：as if/though, if only后虛擬語氣使用情

8、況和wish一樣。3. would rather,之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在/將來過去時(be 用were ) 過去had doneId rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒。三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛

9、擬語其的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動詞原形，此時譯為“竟然”句型：(1) It is important / strange / necessary / natural that(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that 如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪

10、，他竟沒有來。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。四、特殊情況1. 表示：“早該做某事了”時，從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。2. 副詞o

11、r, otherwise，介詞with, without, but for等可替代條件句，引起虛擬語氣。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.But for your help, we wouldnt have finished the work so soon.虛擬語氣練習(xí)題精選1. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you _（就看到了美麗的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see) 2. Wh

12、at a pity! Wed rather _ (我們聽取了)our teachers advice yesterday. (take) 3. With a little more care you _(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid) 4. When the police took the suspect to the police station，he insisted that he_ (沒偷) the ladys purse and that he_ (釋放). (steal, set) 5. How I wish I _ (被錄取了) the k

13、ey university. (admit). 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (斷了). (break) 7.Many coal mine accidents_(本來可以避免的）if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid) 8.Look what mistakes Ive made, If only I_(聽你的勸告).(follow) 9. _(萬一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits

14、 will not be immediately cut off.(fire) 10.The suggestion that the mayor_(發(fā)獎)has been accepted by everyone.(present) 11. It is high time that we_ (采取措施) protect the environment. (measure) 12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _（就會參觀）more places of interest yesterday.（2012福建卷）13.If_

15、(我沒有喝)alcohol last night. I could have driven my car home. (drink)(2011湖北卷)14. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we _the train.(miss) (2012湖北卷) 要不是用了一張過期的列車時刻表，我們就不會誤了火車。15. Most believe he _ for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football.(play) （2013湖北卷）多

16、數(shù)人認(rèn)為，要不是受了重傷而告別足球，上周他本會為英格蘭踢球的。1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished2. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone3. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wro

17、ng and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set4. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ .A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /5. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would

18、be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent6. It is important that we _ wild animals.A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been8. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave9. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved10. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son.A. I am B. I w