名詞性從句講解及聯(lián)系語法 高效學習

1、名詞性從句講解在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses。名詞性從句的功能相當 于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。語法要點剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句,在整個句子中所起的作用,相當于一個名詞。因此,這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:連接詞:that, whether, if (不充當從句的任何成分連接

2、代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞:when, where, how, why1. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么

3、,還不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:(1It + be + 名詞+ that從句(2It + be + 形容詞+ that從句(3It + be + 動詞的過去分詞+ that從句(4It + 不

4、及物動詞+ that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc. that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc. that2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂

5、語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。注意:在demand、order、suggest、d

6、ecide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should+ 動詞原形”。例如:I insist that she (should do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, which

7、ever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用wh

8、ether,不用if: a. 引導主語從句并在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句后有“or not”時;e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應,當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態(tài)。例如:he studies English ever

9、y day. (從句用一般現(xiàn)在時he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時I know (that he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現(xiàn)在完成時當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)(could, would除外,從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài),如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America

10、.5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例?We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。3. 表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語+ 系動詞+ that 從句。例如:The fact is that we have lost the game

11、. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用于同位語從句的名詞有adv

12、ice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

13、他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略Have you got the idea(thatthis book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略名詞性從句專項練習30題1. His success was because o

14、f _ he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB.

15、 ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why _.A. did he do thatB. he did t

16、hatC. he didD. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. when

17、ever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the troubleB. what wrong wasC. what was the matterD. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not knownB. are not knownC. has not knownD. have not bee12. I wonder how

18、much _.A. does the watch costB. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact t

19、hat she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory a

20、ttendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that17. I don't doubt _ he'll come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the roomB. which roomC. what was the roomD. what room was it19. Output is

21、 now six times _ it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved _.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21. _ sur

22、prised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. ThatwhatB. WhatthatC. ThatwhichD. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all that24. Ex

23、cuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _A. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what number shoe