初中語法現(xiàn)在完成時

1、不同時間發(fā)生的動作，不同時間發(fā)生的動作， 動詞要用不同形式。動詞要用不同形式。名稱名稱時間時間動動動詞形式動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時平時，經(jīng)常平時，經(jīng)常1.v原形原形 2.v+s/es（三單現(xiàn)）（三單現(xiàn)）一般過去時一般過去時過去（與現(xiàn)過去（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）在無關(guān)）am/is/are+v-ing一般將來時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時即將，計劃即將，計劃正在進行正在進行1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原形原形過去進行時過去進行時過去某一時過去某一時間，在進行間，在進行1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）（規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞現(xiàn)在完成進現(xiàn)在完成進行

2、時行時過去延續(xù)到過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在還還持續(xù)持續(xù)s/were+v-in1.v. 2.v+s/es（三單現(xiàn)）（三單現(xiàn)） am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v.2.am/is/are going to +v.1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）（規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞was/were+v-inghave/has been v-ing1.She works in a factory.2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They

3、held a sports meeting last week.5.Are you helping your mother ？6.I have been sitting here for an hour.過去進行時過去進行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行現(xiàn)在進行時時現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語等狀語連用。連用。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與常與for或或since引起

4、的一段時間狀語連用。引起的一段時間狀語連用。動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞過去分詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/three years ago. nowpast 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成 have /has+v 過去分詞過去分詞 助動詞助動詞否定否定havent

5、hasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?. ( English =Chinese)finish,homeworkI have finished my homework.He finished his homework.haventHas heYes,he has.No ,he hasnt.1.翻譯這兩句話；翻譯這兩句話；2.第一句變成否定句；第一句變成否定句；3.第二句變成一般疑問句并回答。第二句變成一般疑問句并回答。？have(has)been和和 have(has)gone 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別Where has he been?Where has he gone?have(has)be

6、en:表示曾經(jīng)到過某地，表示曾經(jīng)到過某地，人現(xiàn)在不在某地。人現(xiàn)在不在某地。have(has)gone：表示已經(jīng)去了某地，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，人現(xiàn)在在去某地的路上或已人現(xiàn)在在去某地的路上或已經(jīng)在某地了。經(jīng)在某地了。翻譯：翻譯：他去哪兒的？（他已經(jīng)回來了）他去哪兒的？（他已經(jīng)回來了）他去哪兒了？（他不在這里）他去哪兒了？（他不在這里）練：練：She has been to Shanghai.She has gone to Shanghai.她成為一名護士已經(jīng)三年了。我五年前就認(rèn)識李雷了。那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（post）我來到這個學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。我剛丟了我的歷史書。She has been

7、a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book.know, knew ,knownteach,taught,taughtlose,lost,lostChinese=EnglishPay attention 注意注意1.現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語A.表示從

8、過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體過去時間不能是具體過去時間 ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段時間的短語時間的短語 ( 2).since+表示表示過去時間點過去時間點的詞語的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語表示過去時間的時間狀語從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince B.just,already,ye

9、t,before/ ever,never 有此類副詞時有此類副詞時,常強調(diào)動作完成常強調(diào)動作完成,不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù). eg.Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.everjustalreadyyet2.區(qū)分區(qū)分短暫性動詞短暫性動詞與與持續(xù)性動詞持續(xù)性動詞. 表示短暫性表示短暫性(瞬間性瞬間性)的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能不能和和一段時間一段時間連用連用.短暫

10、性的動詞如：短暫性的動詞如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成時態(tài)中不能與等，在完成時態(tài)中不能與for,since短語或短語或How long等引起的時間狀語連用。等引起的時間狀語連用。I have bought this pen for two months.I have had this pen for two months.How long have you _ this pen.hadThe teacher has left.The teacher has been away for half an hour .(be away)改錯改錯How long have

11、you become a league member？ For more than one year.Have you arrived here since last night? Yes，youre right.He has gone to Shanghai twice.How long have been at this school? Since two years.beenbeenbeenagoFor 改寫句子改寫句子Homework：改寫句子改寫句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike