小學(xué)三至六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法與重點(diǎn)詞匯(外研版)

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1 .一般情況下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2 .以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，力口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4 以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：manmen,womanwomen,ChineseChinese,childchildren

2、policewomanpolicewomen,Policemanpolicemen,fishfootfeet,.fish,ToothteethmouseJapanesemicePeoplepeople,Japanese一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2 .表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday我.每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。 如：地.球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。The earth goes around the sun構(gòu)成1 .be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。

3、如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2 .行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he,she,印寸，要在動(dòng)詞后力口？或？微。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?2. 行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+dont(doesnt)+動(dòng)詞原形(

4、+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3. 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1 .一般情況下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks

5、,milk-milks2 .以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，力口-es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.如:IamwatchingTV.3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。如:IamnotwatchingTV.4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。如:AreyouwatchingT

6、V?5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?如：Whatareyoudoing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+be+動(dòng)詞ing?如：Whoissingingthere?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3 如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping2四、將來(lái)時(shí)1、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

7、tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year,soon,?)thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。2、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：begoingto+do;will+do.3、 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.fImnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon4、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱(chēng)互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.

8、fAreyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?5、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分有三種情況。(1) 1).問(wèn)人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.fWhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.(2) .問(wèn)干什么。What?do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.fWhatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.(3) .問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：ShesgoingtogotobedatnineWhenistoshe

9、bed?going6、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(yesterday,lastyear/week).2 Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasnt)are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=werent)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把

10、was或were調(diào)到句首。3 句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1 一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2 .結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一

11、個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再力口-ed,如：study-studied5 .不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rod

12、e,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat六、情景運(yùn)用1. 問(wèn)路、指路Excuseme.Wheresthe,please?Gostraighton./Turnleft./Turnright.2. 詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方正在做什么Whatareyoudoing?ImWhatishe/shedoing?ss/SheHeWhataretheydoing?reThey3. 詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方是否要吃某種食物Doyouwantsome?Yes,pleaseN.o,thankyou.4. 詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的能力Canyou?Yes,Ican.No,Icant.5. 談?wù)搶⒁龅氖虑閃hatar

13、eyougoingtodo?Im/Weregoingto6. 向別人要東西吃CanIhavesome?Yes,youcan.Sorry,youcant.7. 介紹某人4Thisis談?wù)撝芤恢林苋諏⒁龅氖?.IllonMondayWhatwillyoudoonMonday?Yes,Iwill.No,Iwont.WillyouonMonday?做天氣預(yù)報(bào)9.Itwillbehot/cold/sunny/windy.Itwillsnow/rain.10.做比較如:SamisolderthanDaming.七、人稱(chēng)代詞及對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)I我we我們you你you你們he

14、他she她it它they他們?nèi)朔Q(chēng)代詞：her她的your你的my我的our我們的your你們的his他的物主代詞their它的他們的itsus我們me我you你him他her她it它them他們格賓格：I主weheyousheitthey格：me賓usityouherthemhim形容詞性物主代詞：ouritshermyhisyourtheir名詞性物主代詞：mineitsoursherstheirsyourshis八、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more,alittle來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的

15、人稱(chēng)代詞用主格(1)一般在形容詞或副詞后+er如：tall-taller,strong-stronger,big-bigger,fat-fatter,如：雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再+er(2)把y變i，再+er如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier(3)不規(guī)則變化：如：well-better,much/many-more,(4)5九、縮略形式Im=Iamyoure=youareshes=sheishes=heisdoesnt=doesnotits=itisdont=donots=whoiswhocant=cannotisnt=isnotll=wewillwe十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can引導(dǎo)

16、的句型：表示有能力做某事can后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。如:1. Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2. Icanwatertheflowers.3. Canyoumakethebed?No,Icant.4. Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.5. HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.重點(diǎn)詞匯歸納：lastSunday/night/yeargohomecomebackhurryupgotoschoolgototheparkmakealistinahurryw

17、hemorninghowmuchattheweekendtakephotosintheafternoontakeaphototheGreatWalltheBritishMuseumBigBenbecareful.theLondonEyegiveout6playfootballtoomanyrunfastsitdownhalfpastsevengetupplaychessstandupdomorningexercisesofcoursealldayonthefarmplaybasketballgooutsayhellototenyearsagoplaytabletennismanyyearsagoalotof=lotsofliveinthreedaysagotalkaboutwatchTVhowabout=whataboutstudy/workha