華工化工過(guò)程安全答案

1、誠(chéng)信應(yīng)考,考試作弊將帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重后果!華南理工大學(xué)期末考試化工過(guò)程安全工程試卷 A）題 答 不 內(nèi) 線 封 密注意事項(xiàng)：1.考前請(qǐng)將密封線內(nèi)填寫(xiě)清楚；2.所有答案請(qǐng)直接答在試卷上（或答題紙上）;線3考試形式：閉卷；3、 明火設(shè)備應(yīng)集中布置在裝置的邊緣，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離可燃?xì)怏w和易燃、易爆物質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及儲(chǔ)槽，并應(yīng)布置在這類設(shè)備的 下風(fēng)向。（F ）4、 閃點(diǎn)W 28 C的液體的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分為甲類。（F ）5、 乙醇、乙醚混合液體中加入雜質(zhì)水，會(huì)極大地降低液體的閃點(diǎn)，使液體的燃燒爆炸 性危險(xiǎn)顯著增加。（F ）6、 利用甲醚作為蒸汽鍋爐的燃料，此時(shí)鍋爐房的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性為甲類。（F ） 甲醚閃點(diǎn)-41C7、甲、乙、丙

2、類倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁設(shè)置辦公室、休息室等，并不應(yīng)貼鄰建造。（F ）8、 泄壓設(shè)施宜采用輕質(zhì)屋面板、輕質(zhì)墻體和易于泄壓的門(mén)、窗、玻璃等。（F ）密 9、 工廠消防用水量應(yīng)為發(fā)生最大可能的火災(zāi)時(shí)的滅火用水量。（F ）10、防火間距計(jì)算方法是從建筑物外墻凸出部分算起；鐵路的防火間距，是從鄰近一邊 的路邊算起；公路的防火間距是從道路中心線算起。（F ）二、選擇題（有一項(xiàng)以上是正確的，每題3分，共30分）1、乙醇屬于（）危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品。乙醇閃點(diǎn)12CA.甲類v 28C B .乙類28到60 C .丙類602、鍋爐的三大安全附件分別是安全閥、（ ）與水位表。A.電表 B.溫度計(jì) C .壓力表3、在化工廠中比較容易形成

3、爆炸性氣體環(huán)境。根據(jù)爆炸和火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境電力裝置設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（GB50058-1992）,對(duì)于生產(chǎn)、加工、處理、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)或貯存過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)或可能出現(xiàn)（）之一時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行爆炸性氣體環(huán)境的電力設(shè)計(jì)。 （第2. 1. 1 條）A 在大氣條件下，易燃?xì)怏w、易燃液體的蒸氣或薄霧等易燃物質(zhì)與空氣混合形成爆炸性 氣體混合物；B 閃點(diǎn)低于環(huán)境溫度的可燃液體的蒸氣或薄霧與空氣混合形成爆炸性氣體混合物；C閃點(diǎn)等于環(huán)境溫度的可燃液體的蒸氣或薄霧與空氣混合形成爆炸性氣體混合物；4、 甲、乙類生產(chǎn)（）設(shè)在建筑物的地下室或半地下室內(nèi)。A.不宜B .不應(yīng) C .可以5、 甲醇溶液的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分類的依據(jù)是（） 。A.閃點(diǎn) B.爆炸濃度極限

4、C .物質(zhì)系數(shù)6、 （）類的液體倉(cāng)庫(kù)應(yīng)設(shè)置防止液體流散的設(shè)施。 P64A . 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁7、低閃點(diǎn)液體的閃點(diǎn)是（）C。A、小于15 B 小于-18 C 、小于23 D、小于288、 室外消火栓的間距不應(yīng)大于（）米。A 、 90 B 、 100 C 、 110D 、 1209、 爆炸性混合物的（）能影響爆炸極限范圍。A、溫度B、壓力C、含氧量 D、火源能量10、 危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的貯存方式有（）A 、單個(gè)貯存B、隔離貯存 C 、隔開(kāi)貯存 D 、分離貯存AC ABCB AABC BDABCD BCD三、 Short Answer Questions（20 points ,10 po

5、ints each）1. what are the inherent safer design strategy during the stage of process research.to use the non-combustible materials to replace the combustible mass; to Replaces virulent or the high poisonous material with non-toxic either the low poisonous material; to uses the low corrosive material

6、.to use the new craft route to avoid danger raw material or the intermediary product; to uses the catalyst or a more effective catalyst; to reduced side reaction harmto depressurize with the temperature ； to reduces the reaction medium density2. Analyze the possible measures that can be taken to con

7、trol the chemical process material safety. Substitution or controling the amountStrengthen airtight Vented exhaust DeactivationGas strength monitoring and warningSpecialized material process ing四、Essay Questions （ 30 points ,15 points each ）1.A plant was doing a pneumatic pressure test （氣壓測(cè)試）on a pi

8、pe connected to a tank （槽）.There was no bli nd flange （法蘭堵頭）betwee n the pip ing being tested and the tank. The tankwas isolated from （隔開(kāi)） the pressurized piping with a closed block valve （斷流閥）.The block valve leaked （漏的），allowing the pressure from the pneumatic test to leak into the tank. The tank

9、（which either did not have a pressure relief device （泄壓裝置）in stalled, or the pressure relief device was too small） was overpressured, and it failed at the bottom. The tank lifted into the air and came to rest on the top of the pla nt.Please an alyze the safety problems duri ng the pressurizatio n pr

10、essure operati ons and discussi on on the corresp onding cou ntermeasures（對(duì)應(yīng)策略） and measures.During pressure tests, or any other maintenance （維護(hù)）or non-routine activities involvingpressure, make sure that all equipment is capable of withstanding （能夠禁得起）the test pressure,is positively isolated from t

11、he source of pressure, or has adequately （足夠的）sized pressure reliefdevices for the testi ng con diti ons.Equipme nt can be protected from being overpressured more reliably by using bli nds, or by physically disc onn ect ing pip ing, rather tha n using valves to isolate the equipme nt from pressure.D

12、o a process safety review before starting any non-routine operations to identify potential hazards and required safeguards duri ng the operati on.Keep workers away from the area where pressure testi ng operati ons are being con ducted.If possible, pressure test lines using liquid pressure （hydrostat

13、ic pressure） rather than pneumatic （gas） pressure - the energy which can be released from a liquid overpressure is MUCH LESS tha n from a gas overpressure.2. Here ' s whOtappened.In Fig.（a）, when steam cleaning the interior of a railcar most of the air was displaced. When work was stopped at the

14、 end of the day all valves were closed. As the car cooled, the steam conden sed, creati ng a vacuum, caus ing the railcar to collapseIn Fig.(b), During painting, a tank ' vscuum relief valve was covered with plastic to prevent potential contamination of the contents. When liquid was pumped out t

15、he plastic covering prevented air/nitrogen from replacing the liquid volume. A vacuum developed leading to the partial collapse of the tank.(a)(b)a. Please an alyze the COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks .b. What is the measures to preve nt equipme nt damage from vacuum?ANSWERa. COMMON causes o

16、f vacuum damage to tanks in clude:The vessel has in sufficie nt stre ngth to withsta nd a vacuum; a vessel with a higher pressure rati ng is freque ntly capable of withsta nding a full vacuum;vacuum is created when liquid is transferred from a vessel or when hot vapor conden ses, n either of which i

17、s replaced by air/n itroge n or other non-conden sable material. a vacuum relief system is not prese nt or is not functioning properly.b. Th ings to con sider to preve nt equipme nt damage from vacuum:in stall a system to provide vacuum relief. As one of the pictures graphically dem on strates, rail

18、cars and trucks MAY NOT have this equipment. These devices will allow air to enter the vessel and preve nt vacuum formati on.if in stalled, vacuum relief devices must be in spected and tested on a regular basis. They are just as critical as pressure relief devices.un dersta nd which vessels in your departme nt are not rated for full vacuum. These