含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式

1、含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語中的一類條件句， 其主要 用法和表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下：1. 將條件隱含在不定式短語中I would write to her, but I don ' tknow her address. 我會給她寫信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=lf I knew her address, I would write to her. But )To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學習更用功些，你早就考和格了。(=lf you had

2、 studied harder, you)2. 將條件隱含在分詞短語中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好時代，他早就成為學者了。 (=lf he had been born in better times, he would )Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？ (=If you failed this time, what would )Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一

3、個人單獨在黑暗中行走，瑪 麗會感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 將條件隱含在介詞短語中But for your help we couldn 'htave succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助， 我們的實驗是不會成功的。(=If it hadn' tbeen for your help, we)ln different circumstances, l would have said yes. 在不同的情況下， 我就會同意了。 (= lf circumstances had b

4、een different, l would )4. 將條件隱含在名詞短語中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人這樣做 了都會被開除。 (=lf any person should behave in that way,he would )A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早來幾個小 時，你就見到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you

5、)5. 將條件隱含在某些連詞中I didn ' ktnow that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn ' htave believed him. 我不知道 他是個騙子，不然我也不會相信他了。 (or else=if I had known he was a cheat)I ' nmeally very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了，不然我就會同你一道去了。(other wise=if I were not so busy)6. 將條件隱含在定語從句

6、中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看過那畫的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=lf anyone had seen that painting)7. 將條件隱含在一定的上下文中You might stay here forever.你可以永遠待在這兒。(=lf you wan ted to, you might )Don' bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要費事看所有這些文件了，那會花太多時間。(= If

7、 you read all these papers, It would take too long一般完成進行完成進行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在一般時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時dohave doneis doi nghave bee n doing過去過去一般時過去完成時過去進行時過去完成進行時didhad donewas doinghad bee n doing將來將來一般時將來完成時將來進行時將來完成進行時will dowill have donewill be doingwill have bee n doing過去將過去將來一般時過去將來完成過去將來進行時過去將來完成進行來時時would do

8、would be doingwould have donewould have bee ndoi ng獨立主格用法詳解一、獨立主格結構的形式英語中，獨立主格結構的形式有兩類： 一類是：名詞或代詞跟形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、 非謂語動詞連在一起，構成獨立主格結構。另一類是：介詞with / without后接名詞或代詞再跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞連在一起，構成獨立主格結構。A.名詞或代詞 +形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞1. 名詞/代詞+不定式。如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子， 我們必須節(jié)省每一 分錢

9、。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在李蕾來了，魏方明天到。2. 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing 分詞。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來了，我們 應該把一切事情準備好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。3. 名詞 / 代詞 + 動詞的過去分詞。如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。4.

10、 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面濘泥，我們應該小心。5. 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞。如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下課后，我們都出去玩。6. 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語。如 (from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡， 他問他的眼鏡哪 去了。B. 介詞 with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞1. with / wi

11、thout + 名詞或代詞 + 形容詞He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含著食物跟我們說話。2. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 副詞He left the office with the lights on. 他離開了辦公室，讓燈亮著。3. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 介詞短語The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那個工程師手里拿著筆記本過來了。4. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + -ing 分詞Don 't b

12、rush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙時讓水流著。5. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 動詞不定式With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 這么多工作要做， 經(jīng)理覺得 很焦急。6. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 動詞的過去分詞 (from )With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于 道路被堵，他們不得不轉身從另一條路繞過去。、

13、獨立主格結構的句法功能獨立主格結構在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。1. 作時間狀語School over, the students went home. 放學后，學生們都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games began. 儀式結束后，比賽開始了。2. 作條件狀語It being fine tomorrow, we 'll go boating. 如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫 吳東了。3. 作原因狀語Th

14、e meeting being put off, we needn't hurry. 由于會議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙 了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老師病了， 楊老師將代 他來給我們上這堂課。4. 作伴隨狀語Mr. Li comes here, with a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿著書過來了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面帶微笑問道我們要什 么。不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞

15、作補語的比較一、基本用法區(qū)別 當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時，用不定式（未來或全過程 ） 或現(xiàn)在分詞（正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài) ） ；當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關系時，用過去 分詞。He asked us to come here early the next day. 他叫我們第二天來早點。 （未來 ） We saw him enter the room. 我們看到他進了那個房間。 （ 全過程 ） We saw him talking to her. 我們看到他在與她談話。 （正在進行 ）She kept us waiting here for an hour. 她讓我們

16、在這等了一個小時了。( 一直處于某種狀態(tài) )I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看到他被湯姆打了。 (him 與 beaten 是被動關系 ) 二、幾點注意說明(1) 通常用帶 to 的不定式作賓補的動詞很多，常見的有： ask, invite, tell, want, encour age, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would lik

17、e/love/prefer 等表示勸請、要求類動 詞后，用帶 to 的不定式作賓補。(2) 在 help 后作賓補的不定式帶不帶 to 均可。如：He helped me (to) clean the room. 他幫我清掃房間。(3) 在 hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand 等后不可接 sb. to do sth. 。 譯：我建議他不去那里。誤： I suggested him not to go there.正： I suggested that he should not go there.正： I advised him not to go the

18、re.(4) want, wish 等后接 to be done 作賓補時， to be 可省略，直接過去分詞作賓補。 如：When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么時候完成？(5) 在使役動詞后作賓補的不定式不帶to。在使役動詞 make, let, have后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補，但在其被動式后作主語補足語時，要加上to。如：They made Paul study English. 他們強迫保羅學習英語。Paul was made to study English. 保羅被迫學習英語。(6) 感官動詞 feel, listen to,

19、hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等后面的賓語與作賓補的非謂語動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時， 用不帶 to 的 (在被動式后作主補時要加to) 不定式 (全過程) 或者現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補 (正在發(fā)生 ) ，是被動關系是時，用過去分詞作賓補。(7) 在 with 的賓語后， 若用過去分詞， 表示賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動關系， 且意味著該動作已經(jīng)完成或； 若用現(xiàn)在分詞， 表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動關系，且表示動作的持續(xù)進行；若用帶to的不定式，則表示將來的動作，賓語與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動關系也可以是被動關系，注意此時的不定式不是作賓補而是作賓語的定語了。如(

20、)：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 殺人犯被帶了進 來，他的手是被捆在背后的。I couldn 'dto my homework with all that noise going on. 由于吵聲不斷我做不了作 業(yè)。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, I have no time to have a rest. 由于有許多 問題要處理，我沒時間休息。動名詞復合結構可用作哪些成分本站特約作者 陳根花名詞所有格或物主代詞后加動名詞， 即構

21、成動名詞復合結構。 在動名詞復合結構中， 名 詞屬格或物主代詞是動名詞的邏輯主語。這種復合結構在句中可用作以下成分：一、用作主語。如：His saying he is sorry alters the case. 他的道歉使情況改變了。His behaving like that is strange. 他這樣的表現(xiàn)是很奇怪的。His saying he is sorry alters the case. 他的道歉使情況改變了。Your denying everything will get you nowhere. 你否認一切將是辦不到的。Her arriving late delayed

22、our departure. 她來晚了，延誤了我們的出發(fā)時間。His knowing I had returned home unexpectedly is strange. 他竟知道我突然回家， 真是 件怪事。動名詞復合結構用作主語時， 其名詞或代詞一般要用所有格， 但在口語中偶爾也有用名 詞普通格和代詞賓語的情況。如 () ：My daughter staying up so late worried me. 我的女兒睡得很晚令我擔心。Today being Saturday rather complicates matters. 今天是星期六反而把事情復雜化了。二、用作賓語。如：I li

23、ke him /his playing the guitar. 我喜歡他彈吉它。I must insist on him / his paying. 我一定堅持他付錢。He disliked me / my working late. 他不喜歡我工作到很晚。I suggested his sending it to Tagore. 我建議他把它寄給泰戈爾。A severe cold prevented his attending the meeting. 重感冒使他未能來開會。I object to people / him / his smoking in restaurants. 我反對人

24、們 / 他在飯店里吸 煙。非謂語動詞的否定式一、基本方法非謂語動詞的否定式通常是就在非謂語動詞之前加not或never。如：Try not to make a noise. 盡量別弄出聲來。He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子們不要在街上玩耍。 He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因沒能按時到來而道歉。I told him not to make a mess in the kitchen. 我叫他不要把廚房弄得亂七八槽。Not having fin

25、ished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作沒干完他不能 離開辦公室。Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 我沒有見過他，所以說不出他 的模樣。Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她沒收到他的們， 就決定再給他寫一封。- 、, . 、: 、/ I_-二、注意之點當前面有邏輯主語時，要放在邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間。如：I ' msurprised at your

26、not having noticed. 我對你沒有注意到感到驚奇。Jenny 'nsot having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 詹尼未被培養(yǎng)成一名 舞蹈演員，是她的一件憾事。非謂語動詞重要句式歸納 why not 句式why not 后習慣上接動詞原形， 不能接帶 to 不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞， 主要用于表示同意、 贊成、勸誘等，其意為為什么不呢”。如：A ： May I go with you? 我可以和你一起去嗎 ?B： Why not? 可以呀。Why not try again?干嘛不再試呢？Why not use bo

27、th? 何不兩者都用 ?Why not ask someone else? 問問別人怎么樣 ?But why not write him from Lisbon? 干嗎不從里斯本給他寫信 ?Why not meet and discuss it? 我們碰個頭討論一下這件事不行嗎 ?You' relooking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一臉倦容，怎么不休假呢 ?Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat? 為什么不等到冬季大賤賣時再 買一件新外衣呢 ?If you have to go

28、to the dentist, why not go at once and get it over? 你要是必須去 非謂語動詞重要句式歸納 would rather 句式1. “ would rather+動詞原形"意為寧愿做某事”其中的動詞原形不能改為不定式或分 詞。如：We' d rather stay at home. 我們寧愿呆在家里。I would rather not tell him. 我寧愿不告訴他。We would rather not meet him. 我們寧愿不和他相見。I 'drather work in a supermarket. 我寧

29、愿在超級市場工作。He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他寧愿聽別人談而不愿自己談。Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home? 你是去看電影還是待在 家。I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them. 與其和他們去 購物，我倒寧愿留在家里讀點書。American young people would rather get advice from strangers. 美國的年

30、輕人寧可從 陌生人那里獲取咨詢。2. “would rather+動詞原形+than+動詞原形"意為寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”女口：He would rather play than work. 他寧可玩，卻不愿工作。I ' rdather walk than take a bus. 我寧愿走路而不愿乘公共汽車。He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他寧愿聽別人談而不愿自己談。He would rather deal with a man than with a woman. 他愿意和男人打交道而不愿和 女人打

31、交道。3. “ would+動詞原形+rather than+動詞原形"意為寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”女口：I would do anything rather than let him get off. 我愿做任何事而不愿讓他跑掉。I ' dtake the slowest train rather than go there by air. 我寧可乘最慢的火車去也不愿 坐飛機去。非謂語動詞重要句式歸納 -031. prefer+ 不定式 +rather than+ 動詞原形其意為 “寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事 ”。如：I prefer to walk there rathe

32、r than go by bus. 我寧愿走著去，而不愿坐公共汽車去。 He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜歡 讀書而不喜歡看電視。 注：若語義明確，有時可以有所省略。如：I prefer to travel by day rather than (travel) by night. 我寧愿白天旅行而不是在夜間 旅行。2. prefer+ 動名詞 +to+ 動名詞其意為 “寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事 ”。如：He prefers swimming to riding as a sport. 作為一項運動項 目，他更喜歡游泳而不是

33、騎馬。注：這類結構的 prefer 前有時也可用 would, should 等。如：We would prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我們寧愿在外面玩而不愿看 電視。動名詞主動表被動的三種類型在某些特殊結構中，動名詞可以用主動形式表示被動意義，這主要見于以下幾種情況： 一、 “需要 ”型在 need, want, require 幾個表示 “需要 ”的動詞后，英語習慣上用動名詞的主動形式表示 被動意義。如：He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓勵。Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理發(fā)了。Th

34、e front gate requires mending. 前門需要修理。 從意義上看，以上三句的動名詞均含有被動意味， 但用的都是主動形式。不過，如果改用不定式，則要用被動式，如上面也可說成：He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓勵。Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理發(fā)了。The front gate requires to be mended. 前門需要修理。二、 “值得 ”型這類詞比較典型的有三個，它們是 (be) worth, deserve, merit 它們后面跟的動名詞 習慣上要用主動式表示被動意義，不能直接使用被動式。如：The film is worth seeing twice. 這個片子值得看兩遍。None of it is worth keeping. 這東西一點兒也不值得保存。They