增強農(nóng)村地區(qū)減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力

1、增強農(nóng)村地區(qū)減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力To Improve the Ability of Aviating and Adapting to the Climate Changes in Rural Areas 通過植樹，減少耕作，增加土壤覆蓋，改善草原管理，改變飼料和動物品種以及更有效地使用肥料等措施，發(fā)揮農(nóng)民和牧民在減少全球溫室氣體排放總量方面的重要作用。通過使土壤保持較高水平的碳，即“土壤固碳”過程，促進(jìn)空氣中的二氧化碳含量減少，提高土壤的恢復(fù)能力并提高作物產(chǎn)量。To develop the important role of farmers and pastoralists in redu

2、cing global greenhouse gas emissions, through effective measures such as: planting trees, reducing tillage, increasing the coverage of soil, improving grassland management and changing the use of fertilizers and animal species. To reduce the level of carbon dioxide in the air, improve the recovery a

3、bility of the soil and increase crop yields through the process of “carbon sequestration in soil”- keeping a higher level of carbon in the soil.收集、分析并系統(tǒng)利用歷史上災(zāi)害預(yù)警、減緩和應(yīng)對措施的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，改善地方救災(zāi)的規(guī)劃工作。對氣候變化引起災(zāi)害的規(guī)模、速度和范圍進(jìn)行評估，強化社區(qū)防災(zāi)和備災(zāi)培訓(xùn)，例如，加強農(nóng)民田間學(xué)校等農(nóng)村組織，開發(fā)預(yù)警和監(jiān)測區(qū)域氣候變化和災(zāi)害發(fā)生的技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)，以幫助當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民和主管部門了解氣候變化對區(qū)域和社區(qū)的影響。We shou

4、ld collect, analyze and utilize systematically the experiences of disaster warning in history and the aviation and corresponding measures to improve the planning of the local disaster relief. And evaluate the scale, speed and scope of disaster caused by climate changes and strengthening community-ba

5、sed disaster prevention and preparation training, for example, improving the rural organizations, such as farmer field schools, developing the technologies and systems for early warning and monitoring of regional climate changes and disasters so as to help local farmers and departments in charge to

6、understand the impact of climate changes on communities.確定糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生物多樣性并評估其對氣候變化的脆弱性，制定將生物多樣性分布圖與不同的氣候變化模式相匹配的國家制定保護戰(zhàn)略，在國家和國際基因庫中保存的生物多樣性信息。制定應(yīng)對氣候變化戰(zhàn)略，幫助農(nóng)民利用生物多樣性應(yīng)對氣候變化方面，給農(nóng)民、牧民和漁民及其地方機構(gòu)提供氣候變化的信息以及當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)有生物多樣性的適應(yīng)方法。Determining biodiversity of agricultural crops and assessing their vulnerability to climate

7、 change, establishing the national conservation strategies which can match distribution maps of biological diversity with different models of climate changes, keeping information of the biological diversity in the national and international gene banks. Developing strategies for addressing climate ch

8、anges to help farmers use biological diversity to cope with climate changes and provide information on climate changes and existing adapting methods of biological diversity for farmers, pastoralists and fishermen and their local institutions.多種渠道增加農(nóng)村地區(qū)減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化的資金投入To Increase the Funds for Aviating

9、 and Adapting to the Climate Changes in Rural Areas Through Multiple Channels.積極爭取資金投入，加大對農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村節(jié)能減排重點項目、重大工程、技術(shù)推廣的支持力度。建議建立農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)碳流失基金，擴大農(nóng)村自愿減排市場，扶持農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)改革，保持農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的活力。We actively strive for inputting funds to further support the key energy-saving and emission reduction projects, major projects and

10、 technology promotion. And establish the funds for land circulation and carbon loss, expand the voluntary emission reduction market in rural areas, support the reform of rural financial institutions and maintain the vitality of rural economic development. 建立中國農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)碳流失基金，建立有利于農(nóng)村地區(qū)減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化的農(nóng)村土地使用權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)

11、，探尋如何通過在2012年以后的氣候減緩和適應(yīng)機制的范圍內(nèi)，增加一系列基于土地的活動，尤其是減少森林砍伐和退化、農(nóng)業(yè)土地恢復(fù)與土壤碳隔離、農(nóng)林兼作和水土保持措施，增加農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)損失資金補償。To establish of the funds for rural land circulation of carbon loss and the rural land use right transfer which is helpful with aviating and adapting to the climate changes in China rural areas. To explore

12、how to increase the number of land-based activities, in particular, the activities of reducing deforestation and degradation, restoration of agricultural land and soil carbon sequestration, agroforestry and soil conservation so as to increase the financial compensation for property losses of farmers

13、. 會同有關(guān)部門研究制定農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村節(jié)能減排的相關(guān)政策，建立完善農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)補償機制，發(fā)揮企業(yè)和農(nóng)民的主體作用。在使用各自的技術(shù)專門知識和金融專門知識時，支持各地區(qū)參與為氣候變化減緩和適應(yīng)籌集資金的各種機制，包括聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約的機制、各種由公共和私人伙伴建立的自愿碳市場，并從中受益。制定農(nóng)業(yè)和土地利用、土地使用變化與林業(yè)領(lǐng)域的項目，制定和試驗創(chuàng)新政策和機構(gòu)性的解決辦法，以確保農(nóng)民介入氣候變化減緩措施和碳市場，并從中受益。To Study and formulate policies of energy-saving and emission reduction in agriculture

14、with the relevant departments and establish a perfect ecological compensation mechanism, so as to develop the subjective role of enterprises and farmers. Using the technical and financial expertise to support all kinds of funding mechanisms for aviating and adapting to the climate changes and gain b

15、enefits. These mechanisms include the mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and all kinds of a variety of voluntary carbon markets established by public and private partners. Formulating the projects in agriculture and land use, land-use change and forestry, developi

16、ng and testing innovative policies and institutional solutions to ensure that the farmers can engage in measures of climate change mitigation and carbon markets and benefit from it.不斷完善農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)體系，建立多種所有制的農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)；進(jìn)一步完善農(nóng)村金融信貸政策，加大貸款抵押創(chuàng)新力度，充分發(fā)掘農(nóng)村信用資源；整合農(nóng)村組織資源，積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)村基層金融改革。通過將原來處于分散狀態(tài)的各種涉農(nóng)資源，即農(nóng)村信用社、供銷社和農(nóng)民專

17、業(yè)合作社組織在一起，創(chuàng)建“三位一體”的綜合性的農(nóng)村合作協(xié)會，以金融為核心，以信用為脈絡(luò)，支持和引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民發(fā)展合作組織，并在合作社與合作協(xié)會平臺上開展農(nóng)村信用評級和信用聯(lián)保，從而與現(xiàn)有銀行體系實現(xiàn)對接和互補，將社會資本有效轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟資本，探索一條金融支持新農(nóng)村能源建設(shè)的可行路徑。Constantly improving the system of rural financial service, and establishing various rural financial institutions; further improving the rural financial and credi

18、t policy, strengthening the innovative dynamics of loans and fully exploiting the resources of rural credit; integrating organizational resources in rural areas and actively push forward the rural grass-roots financial reforms. To create a comprehensive rural cooperative association through integrat

19、ing the scattered rural financial resources- rural credit cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives and professional cooperatives of farmers, supporting and guiding the development of cooperative organizations of farmers and developing the rural credit rating and credit joint grantee on the pl

20、atform of cooperatives and cooperative associations to link and complement with the existing banking systems and effectively transform social capital into economic capital, then explore a new feasible path of developing the rural energy with financial support.推動節(jié)能減排的科技投入和技術(shù)開發(fā)To Promote Sci-tech Input and Technology Development整合優(yōu)勢科技力量，集中開展農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村節(jié)能減排的關(guān)鍵和共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，盡快取得一批新成果、新技術(shù)、新工藝和新設(shè)備。推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研協(xié)作，引導(dǎo)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工企業(yè)、農(nóng)村合作經(jīng)濟組織和各類社會中介參與科技研發(fā)和推廣項目實施。積極推進(jìn)國際交流與合作，爭取相關(guān)國際組織支持，引進(jìn)發(fā)達(dá)國家的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和成功經(jīng)驗。Integrating the scientific and technological strength, focusing on the key and common techn