中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致

1、中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致【主謂一致命題】1、 主謂一致的語(yǔ)法一致原則2、 主謂一致的整體一致原則3、 主謂一致的就近一致原則4、 主謂一致的意義一致原則5、 主謂一致的附加原則【考點(diǎn)】 一、由or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not only.but also. , whether.or.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),常采用就近原則,動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China臨沂市Awill visit B.

2、 has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 0濰坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both二、 the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,主語(yǔ)是the number(數(shù)量),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,a number of作定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于many,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！究祭縇

3、ook! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包頭) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deersThe number of _ in our class _ fifty. (煙臺(tái)) A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are三、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用

4、單數(shù)形式?！究祭緼s the saying _,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went但what從句作主語(yǔ)而表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。 What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我們這里急需的是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。 四、and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)?！究祭?Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful. 陜西A. is

5、planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted五、表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、體積或數(shù)字等的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)且表示總量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 青島市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；areHow time flies! Ten years _ passed. (天津) A. have B. has C. is D. are六、就近原則 -There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get som

6、e for me, Dick? -All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. wereNot only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China臨沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 濰坊市Ahave been；a11

7、B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both【語(yǔ)法回顧】主謂一致1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則 2. 意義一致的原則 3. 鄰近一致的原則謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。在英語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上同主語(yǔ)保持一致，叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個(gè)原則來(lái)處理，即：語(yǔ)法形式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致的原則。一、語(yǔ)法形式一致的原則，即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。如：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)

8、形式。但須注意下列幾種情況：1.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如： Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. What you need most is to have a good sleep. H

9、ow you can get there is a problem. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語(yǔ)是“復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 。例如：What I bought were three English booksWhat I say and do is (are) helpful for you.2、由and 或both.and來(lái)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.He and I were classmates when

10、we were at college.Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.。Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports注意1）但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果表示同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式（這時(shí)and后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.The manager and the secretary are busy now.。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 2)由and連接的并列

11、單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我們國(guó)家里，每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有權(quán)利受教育。Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男士和婦女都被請(qǐng)來(lái)幫忙。Many a student is having practice in that factory. 許多學(xué)生正在那家工廠實(shí)習(xí)。More than one stu

12、dent is interested in the book.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣。注意 在“more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若在There be句型中，亦可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is/are more than one man here. 這兒不止一個(gè)人。3、如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介詞短

13、語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英語(yǔ)老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂。Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.瑪麗和她的朋友都喜歡這幅畫(huà)。No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的親密朋友誰(shuí)也不知道這件事。She, like you and

14、Tom, is very tall. 像你和湯姆那樣她很高。4、不定代詞each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我們)每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸煙不利于身體健康。Nothing is to be done 沒(méi)有什么要干的事。Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who bre

15、aks the rules is punished.每個(gè)人必須遵守學(xué)校規(guī)則，任何人違反了規(guī)則將受到懲罰。2）若后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。例如：None of the sugar was left.沒(méi)有剩下什么糖了。None of us has (have) been to America.我們中沒(méi)有人去過(guò)美國(guó)。5.不定代詞none 以及由"none/either/neitherof復(fù)數(shù)合詞(或代詞)"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，這取決于說(shuō)話人的意思。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人著眼于“每一個(gè)都不.”或“兩個(gè)中

16、的任何一個(gè)都不.”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)說(shuō)話者著眼于“所有的都不.”或“兩個(gè)中的全部都不.”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： None know when that was. (強(qiáng)調(diào)所有的人) 沒(méi)人知道這是什么時(shí)候的事。None is so good as he.(強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人) 沒(méi)有人像他那么好。None of them have / has a car.他們都沒(méi)有小汽車。（他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人有小汽車。）Neither of them know / knows the answer.他們兩個(gè)全都不知道答案。（他們兩個(gè)人誰(shuí)也不知道答案。）Neither of the article is (are )

17、interesting.其中沒(méi)有哪篇文章有趣。Neither of them have replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有答復(fù)。Neither of them has replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有答復(fù)。5、在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)就像有一列火車從我的房子底下開(kāi)過(guò)似的。People who study the think that there will be another b

18、ig one soon.研究地震的人認(rèn)為不久將還有一次大的地震。The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.注意在以“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)前有the only之類的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

19、用單數(shù)。 例如：This is one of the questions that have been asked by the studentsBob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of

20、，a head of，heaps of，the rest（majority） of，some（many，anymore，most，all等）of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。例如：Some of us do not know much about the theatre.。Some (of the sugar) is wet. Most of the students in our class are league. Most of the food tastes delicious. Half of the work is left unfin

21、ished.。Half of the apples are given to the children.。Lots of damage was caused by smoking.Plenty of English books are on the shelf。注意：1）all單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)表示“人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；表示“整個(gè)事件或事情”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 如：All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整個(gè)事情或情況)2）“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

22、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A large number of buildings were burnt down.A number of students in our class are out by the lake.。The number of students in our school is 2500.。7、由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Two thirds o

23、f the people present are against the plan. 在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water. 我們地球的70%的表面被水所覆蓋。30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我們班的30%是女生。8、 如果主語(yǔ)是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of，a pair of等 + 名詞”構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)

24、形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.。Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?There is a kind of rose in his garden.。This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive.。 That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 。注意但"there/those kinds of復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：There kinds of tests are good . 。Those ki

25、nds of apple trees have not yet grown up.。如果種類不是一種而是多種，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如 ：There are many kinds of pears.二、邏輯意義一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種情況：1、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people, police, cattle 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁灘的原因之一是牲畜問(wèn)題。The police are searching for a murde

26、rer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。2、以集體名詞army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果被看成是其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打籃球方面，我們班勝過(guò)我們學(xué)校的任何一個(gè)班。Our class are playi

27、ng a basketball match tomorrow. 我們班同學(xué)明天要舉行一場(chǎng)籃球賽。Our family is not poor any more. 我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了。My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都講因努伊特語(yǔ)。注意population 單獨(dú)使用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some, most 或與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Most of the population of the city are workers.One third of the population now smo

28、ke.。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers. 3、當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如glasses, trousers（褲子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（貨物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圓規(guī)） ，但如果這些名詞前有a pair of，等量詞修飾時(shí)，（clothes被修飾a suit of），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Your tro

29、users need washing. 。My glasses are new. A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圓規(guī)是畫(huà)圓的工具。A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.。Two pairs of socks are enough for me.。4、由“pair, piece of +名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與pair, piece等詞保持一致與后的代詞、名詞無(wú)關(guān)。例如：There is a pair of shoes left。The pieces of sto

30、ne were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石塊被運(yùn)到新建寺廟的地方。5、當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常被看作一個(gè)整體，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 如：Twenty years is a long time to us. One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 6.某些形復(fù)意單的名詞(如表示人名、地名、國(guó)名及組織、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的專有名詞和學(xué)科名詞等)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 如：Zhangjiajie is really a good place wh

31、ich is famous for its beautiful mountains.張家界的確是個(gè)好地方，它是以美麗的山而聞名的Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. The United States is in North America. News is travelling fast nowadays. The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美國(guó)影片真實(shí)的謊言是由一位世界著名的導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演的。7、如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（分詞）”擔(dān)

32、任時(shí)，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指?jìng)€(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The old is taken good care of in our country. The sick is one of the students in our class. 8、名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：The baker's is on the side of the street.理發(fā)館在街道的另一邊。My uncle's is not very

33、 far from here.我叔叔的家離這兒不太遠(yuǎn)。9、數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但有四則運(yùn)算中，謂語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：Ten is a round number. 十是個(gè)整數(shù)。Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。10.疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于它產(chǎn)本身的含義。如： Who teaches you English? Who have

34、gone there? Which is your room? Which are your rooms? 11、表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half名詞復(fù)數(shù)”及“a單數(shù)名詞anda half”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：One and a half oranges has been left on the table. A month and a half has passed. 12.某些單數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；反之謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （種類）

35、-ance及以-ese/-ss結(jié)尾的表示民族的名詞等)。例如：One day this white sheep was lost. There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. 三、就近一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語(yǔ)而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。例如：1、當(dāng)or，either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.，not.

36、but.，whether.or.等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。例如：Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. Not only the mother but also the children were there.2、在倒裝句中如一個(gè)句子由there 或here引起，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Where is your mother and younger sisters? There is a desk a table and three chair

37、s in the room. 中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致【中考訓(xùn)練】( ) 1. (河北).Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks( ) 2.（湖北黃岡）-David has been away for more than 25 days.-I miss him very much. You know, 25 days _short. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't( ) 3.（湖北十堰）Cl

38、imbing hills _of great help to our health.A. was B. were C. is D. are( ) 4.（山東省萊蕪）Yao Ming works hard on his English and _Aso Liu Xiang does Bso is Liu Xiang Cso does Liu Xiang Dso Liu Xiang is( ) 5.(北京市）The reading room _ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.A. am B. is C. are D. be( ) 6.（廣西）The

39、re _ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be D. has( ) 7.（山東濱州）How time flies! Three years _ really a short time.A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 8.（四川巴中）In our school library, there _ a number of books on science and the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is

40、D. is; have( ) 9. Nobody but Li Hua _ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known( ) 10. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.A. is B. are C. were D. has been( ) 11 All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were( ) 12. When and where to build the school _ yet.A.

41、 is not decided B. are not decided C. hasnt been decided D. have not decided( ) 13. A fork and knife _ on the table.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been( ) 14 Where _a will, there is a way. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are( ) 15. Each boy and each girl _ an English dictionary yesterday.A

42、. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given( ) 16. The old _ taken good care of in China.A. is B. has C. are D. have( ) 17. Half of the students _got the same suggestion.A. has B. have C. is D. are( ) 18. She is the only one of all the students who _ a chance to go abroad. A. have B. has C

43、. is D. are( ) 19. Something _ wrong with my TV set.A. has B. have C. is D. are( ) 20. Either Tim or I_ a boss. A. am B. is C. are D. be( ) 21. Fifty yuan _ enough for the blue coat.A. is B. are C. has D. have22. Ten plus five _ fifteen. A. is B. are C. was D. were23How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A.