電離和水解方程式

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載九、電離方程式1、酸的電離(H2SO4、HNO3、HCl、HBr、HI、H3PO4、HF、H2SO3、CH3COOH、H2CO3、H2S、HNO2、c6H5OH、HCN、HClO)H2SO4=2H+SO42-或：H2SO4+2H2O=2H3O+SO42-HNO3=H+NO3或：HNO3+H2O=H3O+NO3-(以下雷同)HCl=H+Cl-HBr=H+Br一HI=H+I-H3P。4=H+H2POrH2POH+HPO4-HPO2H+PO3-HFH+F-H2SO3=H+HSO3"HSO3-s=H+SO2-CH3COOHH+CH3COO一H2CO3H+HCO3-HCO3-

2、H+CO3-+9H2sH+HS-HSH+S一HNO2H+NO2-C6H5OH=H+C6H5O-(苯酚不是酸,顯酸性)HCNH+CN一HClOH+C1O-H2OH+OH一2H2。H3O+OH一2、堿的電離(NaOH、KOH、Ba(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、NH3H2O)NaOH=Na+OH一KOH=K+OH一Ba(OH)2=Ba2+2OH一Mg(OH)2Mg2+2OH-Al(OH)3Al3+3OH一酸式電離：Al(OH)3H+AlO#H2ONH3-H2O=NH4+2OHCa(OH)2=Ca2+2OH(澄清石灰水)Ca(OH)2=Ca2+2OH一(石灰懸濁液)3、鹽的電離(NaCl

3、、Na2SO4、NaHSO,、Na2SO3、NaHSOs、MgSO,、CaSO,、Al2(SO4)3、CuSO4、AlCl3、AgNO3、CFCOONa、NH4NO3、FeCh、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、NazS、NaHS、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、Na3PO4、KI、NaBr、NaClO、AgCl、CaCO3)NaCl=Na+Cl一Na2SO4=2Na+SO4-+2NaHSO4=H+Na+SO4-Na2SO3=2Na+SO；NaHSO3=Na+HSO3-(錯(cuò)誤書寫：NaHSO3=Na+H+SO42-)2+OMgS04=Mg+S04AI2（SO4）3=2AI"+3S0jCuS

4、04=Cu2+SO：-AICI3=AI3+3CI-AgNO3=Ag+NO3CH3coONa=CH3COO-+Na+NH4NO3=NH4+NO3-FeCl3=Fe3+3CI-Na2co3=2Na+C0；-NaHCO3=Na+HCO?。ㄥe(cuò)誤書寫:NaHCO3=Na+H+2Na2S=2Na+S-+2NaHS=Na+HS（錯(cuò)誤書寫：NaHS=Na+H+SNaH2Po4=Na+H2Pol+2.+QNa2HPO4=2Na+HPO4一（錯(cuò)誤書寫：Na2HPO4=2Na+H+P04）+3-Na3Po4=3Na+P04KI=K+lNaBr=Na+BrNaCIO=Na+CI0AgCIuiAg+Cl一（難溶、微溶物

5、質(zhì)在水中發(fā)生微弱電離）2+2+2CaC03=Ca+CO；一（錯(cuò)誤書寫：CaCOs=Ca+C03-）CaSO4Ca2+SO：一（錯(cuò)誤書寫：CaSO4=Ca2+SO3、熔融電離NaCINa + Cl熔融 2+MgCl2=Mg +2 Cl -熔融2-Na2O=2Na+O AI2O3.能3+_ 2=2AI +30十、水解反應(yīng)1、單水解-可逆水解NHQ+H20s=NH3H2O+HCINH4+H20H+NH3H20FeCI3+3H20sFe（OH）3+3HCIFe"+3HFe（OH）3+3H+AICI3+3H2CFAI（OH）3+3HCIA|3+3H2O=AI（OH）3+3H+CuSO4+2H2

6、0=Cu（0H）2+H2SO4（金屬活動(dòng)順序表中Mg2+以后的陽(yáng)離子均水解）NaHCO3+H2O=H2cO3+NaOH（NaHSO4不水解，NaHSC>3電離大于水解）Na2CO3+H2ONaHCO3+NaOHCO32+H2OHCO3+0HNaHCO3+H2O=iH2cO3+NaOH（第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步，二步不能疊加）Na2SO3+H2O=±NaHSO3+NaOHSO32+HHSO3+0HNaHSO3+H2。=H2sO3+NaOH（第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步，二步不能疊加）HSO3+H20H2so3+0HNa2S+H2O.NaHS+NaOHS +H2O HS-+OHNaHS+H2。

7、=H2S+NaOH（第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步，二步不能疊加）HS +H2OH2S+OHNa3PO4+H2ONa2HPO4+NaOHNa2HPO4+H2。NaH2PO4+NaOHNaH2PO4+H2OH3PO4+NaOHCH3COONa+H 2O CH3COOH+NaOHC6H 5ONa+H 2OC6H 5OH+NaOH3-2-PO4 +H2OHPO 4 +OHHPO 42-+ HzOH2P04+OH -H2P04 + H2O H3PO4+OHCH 3C00 -+H 2OCH 3COOH+OHC6H50 - +H 20 C 6H 5 OH+OH2、雙水解CH3COONH4+H2OCH3COOH+NH3-H2ONH4F+H2OHF+NH3-H2OAl2S3+6H2O=Al（OH）3J+H2ST（隔絕空氣，密封保存）Mg3N2+6H2O=Mg（OH）2J+NH3T（隔絕空氣，密封保存）Na3P+3H2O=3NaOH+PH3T（隔