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1、文檔供參考，可復(fù)制、編制，期待您的好評與關(guān)注！ 河南專升本考試英語語法關(guān)鍵句型1. It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型例：She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型例：It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3. "All+抽象名詞"或"抽象名詞+itself"（very+形容詞）例：He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)例：A crime is a crime a cr

2、ime.5. "something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of" "something of"相當(dāng)于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為"anything of "，可譯為"有點(diǎn)"，"略微等。""譯為毫無"，"全無"。"much of"譯為"大有"，"not much of"可譯為"算不

3、上"，"稱不上"，"little of"可譯為"幾乎無"。something like譯為"有點(diǎn)像，略似。"例：They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6. 同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物，"of"以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個(gè)形容詞短語，以修飾"of"后面的那個(gè)名詞。如"her old sharper of

4、a father"，可譯為："她那騙子般的父親"。例：Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. asascan（may）be例：It is as plain as plain can be.8. "It is in（with）as in（with）"例：It is in life as in a journey.9. "as good as"相等于，就像，幾乎如；實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。例：The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he

5、 would adopt him.10 "many as wellas"和"might as well as" "many as wellas"可譯為"與其，不如，更好"，"以這樣做為宜"，"如同，也可以"等等。"might as well as"表示不可能的事，可譯為"猶如"，"可與一樣荒唐"，"與其那樣不如這樣的好"等等。例：One may as well not know a thing a

6、t all as know it imperfectly.11"to makeof"的譯法（使成為，把當(dāng)作）例：I will make a scientist of my son.12. too+不定式"，not（never）too+不定式"，"toonot+不定式She is too angry to speak13. only (not, all, but, never) too to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是"not&quo

7、t;，"all" "but等字后+"tooto，"不定式都失去了否定意義，在"too ready（apt） +todo"結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義。例：You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14. "no more than"句型例：A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.15. "not so muchas"和"not

8、so much as "結(jié)構(gòu)，"not so muchas"="not so much as "，其中as有進(jìn)可換用but rather，可譯為："與其說是毋須說是"。而"not so much as"="without（not）even，"可譯為"甚至還沒有"。例：The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.16. "Nothing is morethan"和"Noth

9、ing is so as"結(jié)構(gòu)，"Nothing is morethan"和"Nothing is so as"都具有最高級比較的意思，"Nothing I"可換用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可譯為"沒有比更為"，"像再沒有了"，"最"

10、等。例：Nothing is more precious than time.17. "cannottoo"結(jié)構(gòu),"cannottoo"意為"It is impossible to overdo"或者，即"無論怎樣也不算過分"。"not"可換用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可換用"enough"， "sufficient"等例：You cannot be too carefu

11、l.18. "否定+but "結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意義，構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定?？勺g成"沒有不是"或"都"等例：Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.19. "否定+until (till)"結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞"no"，"not"，"never&quo

12、t;，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后邊所接用的"until/till"，多數(shù)情況下譯為"直到才"，"要才"，把否定譯為肯定。例：Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20. "not sobut"和"not such a but"結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和"否定+but"的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多，不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的"but"是含有&qu

13、ot;thatnot"意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度?？勺g為"還沒有到不能做的程度"，"并不是不"，"無論怎樣也不是不能"等。例：He is not so sick but he can come to school.21. "疑問詞+shouldbut "結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事，意為"nonebut"，可譯為"除了還有誰會"，"豈料"，"想不到竟是"等。例：Who should write it but himself?2

14、2. "who knows but (that)"和"who could shouldbut"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式，一般意譯為"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有時(shí)也可直譯。例：Who knows but (that) he may go?23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"結(jié)構(gòu)，"祈使句+and"表示"Ifyou"，"祈使名+or"表示"ifnot，you。例：Add love to a house

15、 and you have a home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.24. "名詞+and"結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時(shí)間。例：A word, and he would lose his temper.25. "as,so"結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"（也是如此

16、）。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。例：As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.26. "if any"結(jié)構(gòu)，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有"，"即使有"，表示加強(qiáng)語氣。與此類似的還有："if anything"（如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別），"if a day"（=at least，至少）。例：There is little, if any, hope.27. "be i

17、t ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"結(jié)構(gòu)，這里，"be it"中的"be"是古英語假設(shè)語氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語則使用"let it be"。"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。例：Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.28. "the last+不定式"和

18、"the last +定語從詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推論。可譯為"最不大可能的"，"最不合適的"，由原意的"最后一個(gè)"變成"最不可能的一個(gè)"。例：He is the last man to accept a bride.29. "sothat"句型，這個(gè)句型的意思是"如此，以致于"，但在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成"如此以致于&q

19、uot;，而是變通表達(dá)其含義。例：He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.30. "more + than+原級形容詞（副詞）"結(jié)構(gòu)，這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。例：It is more than probable that he will fall.31. "more than +動詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動詞的程度，可譯為"異常"，"豈止"，"十二分地"等。例：T

20、his more than satisfied me.32. "good and "的副詞用法，譯為"非常"，"很"等。類似還有"nice and ", "fine and ," "lovely and ", "bright and ", "rare and ", "big and "等，均表示程度。例：The apples are good and ripe.33. "and that"結(jié)構(gòu)，這

21、個(gè)"and that"應(yīng)譯為"而且"，表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強(qiáng)，"that"代表前面的整個(gè)陳述部分。例：Return to your work , and that at once.34. "at onceand"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為"既又"，起相關(guān)連接的作用，相當(dāng)于"bothand"。例：The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.35. "in that"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"在那一點(diǎn)上（

22、方面）"，可譯為"因?yàn)?quot;。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有"in this"。例：The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.河南專升本考試英語語法關(guān)鍵句型 36. "the name notwithstanding"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中"notwithstanding"是介詞，這個(gè)介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫成："notwithstanding the name"。起讓步狀語的作用。Some people think

23、 of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.37. "Everynot"和"Allnot"結(jié)構(gòu)，"Everynot"表示"不見得每個(gè)都是"；"Allnot"表示"不見得所有都是"的意思。例：Every man is not polite,

24、and all are not born gentlemen.38. "may as well notas"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為"與其不如不"。例：One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.39. "have only to do"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"只須（消）就能"的意思。例：We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see t

25、he significance of it.40. "not (no) unless"句型例：No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.41. "betterthan"句型例：Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.42. "as it were&q

26、uot;是一個(gè)非常常用的插入語，意思是"好象"，"可以說"等。例：Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.43. 復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語從句過長，把謂語must realize提到定語從句之前。例：Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature

27、, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.44. "notany more than"為："不能，正如不能"。例：One cannot lear

28、n to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.45. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是"雖然如此，盡管這樣"。例：It is said that the nerve poison is t

29、he more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.46. "if at all"是一個(gè)由"if"引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為"即將"，"即使"等。

30、例：I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.47. 由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu).例：There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.48. "range from to"結(jié)構(gòu)。這

31、是一個(gè)常見結(jié)構(gòu)，譯時(shí)很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。例：Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.49. "the way"結(jié)構(gòu)例：I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.50. 復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)

32、構(gòu)例：In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.51. 某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu)1） 動詞短語相關(guān)部分被分隔（當(dāng)"make use of "，"take notice of"，"pay attention to"，等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)）。

33、例：Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2）雙重定語引起的分隔。例：But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52. "to be doingwhen"是一個(gè)句型，多譯為

34、"某人正在做時(shí)，突然"。在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。例：She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.53. "tooto"句型例：Then I rememb

35、ered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54. "so much that"句型例：But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on

36、the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.55. "when"引導(dǎo)狀語從句有時(shí)并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候"，它還有許多種譯法。例：Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the pos

37、sibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56. "notbecause"，有時(shí)可否定前面，有時(shí)可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。例：In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was

38、; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57. "sothat, suchthat"是一個(gè)普通的句型，但在同一個(gè)句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。例：The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn b

39、ullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.58. "by doing"結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"通過（做）"，但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。例：The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.

40、59. 下面例句為一倒裝句，主語很長，而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝，翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。例：No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60. "whatof"句

41、型例：I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.61. 英語的一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法是：當(dāng)否定謂語think（believe）時(shí)，實(shí)際上是否定其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時(shí)可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。例：It is a valuable work. I do n

42、ot think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62. "to have not(as) to see"中的不定式也有否定意味。例：He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.63. "It occurred to sb. that"意為"突然想到"，"It dawned on sb

43、.that"."突然想起"等。從句是想起的內(nèi)容。例：I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.64

44、. "It follows that"="It happens as a result"常常被譯為"由此可見"，"因此"，"從前"，"可以推斷"等等。例：It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human dome

45、stic servants will have completely ceased to exist.65. "that's all there is to it "，意思是"也不過如此而已"。可根據(jù)上下文視情況處理。例：If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.66. "The chances are that"是一句型，譯為"有可能"。例：The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.67. Feel,