布斯算法乘法器和算術(shù)運算器

1、Booth 算法16位乘法器西安電子科技大學(xué)大三集成電路設(shè)計與集成系統(tǒng)專業(yè)尹俊鏢一乘法器原理分析16位有符號乘法器可以分為三個部分：根據(jù)輸入的被乘數(shù)和乘數(shù)產(chǎn)生部分積、部分積壓縮產(chǎn)生和和進(jìn)位、將產(chǎn)生的和和進(jìn)位相加。這三個部分分別對應(yīng)著編碼方式、拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)以及加法器。 1編碼方式：本設(shè)計采用booth2編碼。 部分積是負(fù)數(shù)時S=1，部分積是正數(shù)時S=0；當(dāng)部分積是+0時，E=1，部分積是-0時，E=0，其余情況E=S取反。2拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)：本設(shè)計采用二進(jìn)制樹的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。二進(jìn)制樹拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)排列的較為規(guī)整，且部分積壓縮的速度也非?？?。部分積壓縮的目的是為了減小進(jìn)位傳播的延時，采用進(jìn)位保留加法器，根據(jù)當(dāng)前位信息產(chǎn)

2、生下一位的進(jìn)位，僅僅產(chǎn)生而沒有進(jìn)位行波傳播，這樣就可以把當(dāng)前的多位壓縮到較少的位數(shù)。經(jīng)過幾次壓后，把部分積壓縮成和以及進(jìn)位。部分積主要是通過counter 和compressor 進(jìn)行壓縮，通常使用（3:2）counter 和（4:2）compressor 。（3:2）counter 其實質(zhì)就是一個全加器，進(jìn)位輸入為ci ，進(jìn)位輸出為c ；（4:2）compressor 可以由兩個全加器組成，ci 為進(jìn)位輸入，Coin 為內(nèi)部進(jìn)位，輸入到下一位的進(jìn)位輸入Ci ，Coex 為輸出進(jìn)位。 上圖為二進(jìn)制樹的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖，每4個部分積輸入到一個（4:2）compressor 中，產(chǎn)生兩個輸出，則8個部分

3、積使用3次（4:2）compressor 就可以得到和和 進(jìn)位。部分積的壓縮方式可以見下圖。如圖中所示，加上最后一個部分積的進(jìn)位，共有9個部分積，本設(shè)計把最后的進(jìn)位位移到第一個部分積上，使用5個全加器，把進(jìn)位融合到第一個部分積，這樣就轉(zhuǎn)變成8個部分積了，再使用兩級二進(jìn)制樹壓縮，所以總共使用了三級壓縮，最終得到部分積的和和進(jìn)位。為了免去不必要的硬件開銷，對于部分積邊上的位采用counter 壓縮。上文提到的符號位擴(kuò)展的改進(jìn)方法，其目的也就是減少硬件開銷，所以在不影響性能的情況下，單獨出來部分積的邊緣位是十分有必要的。3加法器本設(shè)計采用超前進(jìn)位加法器。為了使得乘法器的延時最小，最后一級的加法器采用

4、傳播延時最小的超前進(jìn)位加法器。超前進(jìn)位加法器的原理及構(gòu)成，在此不做詳述。二仿真驗證對于16位乘法器的仿真驗證，若采用窮舉法，則有232種情況，驗證次數(shù)太多，所以只能采用隨機(jī)數(shù)的驗證方法。產(chǎn)生兩個隨機(jī)數(shù)，加入到乘法器的兩個輸入端，如此循環(huán)10000 次，若沒有錯誤，則可以認(rèn)為乘法器功能正確。X ，Y 是產(chǎn)生的兩個隨機(jī)數(shù)，product 是兩數(shù)的乘積，product_check是用于驗證結(jié)果是否正確。Count 用于計數(shù)，循環(huán)10000次，error 記錄計算一萬次錯誤的 次數(shù)，若發(fā)生錯誤，則退出仿真。三1Booth2模塊源程序代碼module mul_16(x,y,product;/genera

5、tepartial productinput 15:0x;input 15:0y;output 31:0product;wire 19:0pp1;wire 20:0pp2;wire 20:0pp3;wire 20:0pp4;wire 20:0pp5;wire 20:0pp6;wire 20:0pp7;wire 19:0pp8;reg symb8;reg 16:0tpp1; /partialproduct /ninthpartial productreg 16:0tpp2;reg 16:0tpp3;reg 16:0tpp4;reg 16:0tpp5;reg 16:0tpp6;reg 16:0tp

6、p7;reg 16:0tpp8;reg symb1;reg symb2;reg symb3;reg symb4;reg symb5;reg symb6;reg symb7;/the first partial productalways (yor x beginsymb1=1'b0;case(y1:02'b00:tpp1=17'b0;2'b01:tpp1=x15,x;2'b10:begintpp1=x,1'b0;symb1=1'b1;end2'b11:begintpp1=x15,x;symb1=1'b1;endendcas

7、eend/the sencod partial productalways (yor x beginsymb2=1'b0;case(y3:13'b000:tpp2=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp2=x15,x;3'b011:tpp2=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp2=x,1'b0;symb2=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:3'b111:endcaseend begin tpp2=x15,x;symb2=1'b1;end tpp2=1'

8、;b0,16'b0;/the third partial productalways (yor x beginsymb3=1'b0;case(y5:33'b000:tpp3=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp3=x15,x;3'b011:tpp3=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp3=x,1'b0;symb3=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp3=x15,x;symb3=1'b1;end3'b111:tpp3=1'b0,

9、16'b0;endcaseend/the fourth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb4=1'b0;case(y7:53'b000:tpp4=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp4=x15,x;3'b011:tpp4=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp4=x,1'b0;symb4=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begin3'b111:endcaseend tpp4=x15,x;symb4=1'b1

10、;end tpp4=1'b0,16'b0;/the fifth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb5=1'b0;case(y9:73'b000:tpp5=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp5=x15,x;3'b011:tpp5=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp5=x,1'b0;symb5=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp5=x15,x;symb5=1'b1;end3'b111

11、:tpp5=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseend/the sixth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb6=1'b0;case(y11:93'b000:tpp6=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp6=x15,x;3'b011:tpp6=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp6=x,1'b0;symb6=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp6=x15,x;symb6=1'b1;3'

12、b111:endcaseend end tpp6=1'b0,16'b0;/the seventh partial productalways (yor x beginsymb7=1'b0;case(y13:113'b000:tpp7=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp7=x15,x;3'b011:tpp7=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp7=x,1'b0;symb7=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp7=x15,x;symb7=1&#

13、39;b1;end3'b111:tpp7=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseend/the eighth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb8=1'b0;case(y15:133'b000:tpp8=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp8=x15,x;3'b011:tpp8=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp8=x,1'b0;symb8=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp8=x15,x;

14、symb8=1'b1;end3'b111:tpp8=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseendassign pp119:0=!tpp116,tpp116,tpp116,tpp1;assign pp220:0=1'b1,!tpp216,tpp2,1'b0,symb1;assign pp320:0=1'b1,!tpp316,tpp3,1'b0,symb2;assign pp420:0=1'b1,!tpp416,tpp4,1'b0,symb3;assign pp520:0=1'b1,!tpp516,tpp5,1&

15、#39;b0,symb4;assign pp620:0=1'b1,!tpp616,tpp6,1'b0,symb5;assign pp720:0=1'b1,!tpp716,tpp7,1'b0,symb6;assign pp819:0=!tpp816,tpp8,1'b0,symb7;compressor comprs(.pp1(pp1,.pp2(pp2,.pp3(pp3,.pp4(pp4,.pp5(pp5,.pp6(pp6,.pp7(pp7,.pp8(pp8,.symb8(symb8,.product(product;endmodule2加法器module

16、adder_32(input31:0add_in1,add_in2,/input c0,output 31:0add_out;wire 31:0p,g,psum;/formthe psum?propagate and generate signals from the inputxor(psum0,add_in10,add_in20;xor(psum1,add_in11,add_in21;xor(psum2,add_in12,add_in22;xor(psum3,add_in13,add_in23;xor(psum4,add_in14,add_in24;xor(psum5,add_in15,a

17、dd_in25;xor(psum6,add_in16,add_in26;xor(psum7,add_in17,add_in27;xor(psum8,add_in18,add_in28;xor(psum9,add_in19,add_in29;xor(psum10,add_in110,add_in210;xor(psum11,add_in111,add_in211;xor(psum12,add_in112,add_in212;xor(psum13,add_in113,add_in213;xor(psum14,add_in114,add_in214;xor(psum15,add_in115,add_

18、in215;xor(psum16,add_in116,add_in216;xor(psum17,add_in117,add_in217;xor(psum18,add_in118,add_in218;xor(psum19,add_in119,add_in219;xor(psum20,add_in120,add_in220;xor(psum21,add_in121,add_in221;xor(psum22,add_in122,add_in222;xor(psum23,add_in123,add_in223;xor(psum24,add_in124,add_in224;xor(psum25,add_

19、in125,add_in225;xor(psum26,add_in126,add_in226;xor(psum27,add_in127,add_in227;xor(psum28,add_in128,add_in228;xor(psum29,add_in129,add_in229;xor(psum30,add_in130,add_in230;xor(psum31,add_in131,add_in231;or(p0,add_in10,add_in20;or(p1,add_in11,add_in21;or(p2,add_in12,add_in22;or(p3,add_in13,add_in23;or

20、(p4,add_in14,add_in24;or(p5,add_in15,add_in25;or(p6,add_in16,add_in26;or(p7,add_in17,add_in27;or(p8,add_in18,add_in28;or(p9,add_in19,add_in29;or(p10,add_in110,add_in210;or(p11,add_in111,add_in211;or(p12,add_in112,add_in212;or(p13,add_in113,add_in213;or(p14,add_in114,add_in214;or(p15,add_in115,add_in

21、215;or(p16,add_in116,add_in216;or(p17,add_in117,add_in217;or(p18,add_in118,add_in218;or(p19,add_in119,add_in219;or(p20,add_in120,add_in220;or(p21,add_in121,add_in221;or(p22,add_in122,add_in222;or(p23,add_in123,add_in223;or(p24,add_in124,add_in224;or(p25,add_in125,add_in225;or(p26,add_in126,add_in226

22、;or(p27,add_in127,add_in227;or(p28,add_in128,add_in228;or(p29,add_in129,add_in229;or(p30,add_in130,add_in230;or(p31,add_in131,add_in231;and(g0,add_in10,add_in20;and(g1,add_in11,add_in21;and(g2,add_in12,add_in22;and(g3,add_in13,add_in23;and(g4,add_in14,add_in24;and(g5,add_in15,add_in25;and(g6,add_in1

23、6,add_in26;and(g7,add_in17,add_in27;and(g8,add_in18,add_in28;and(g9,add_in19,add_in29;and(g10,add_in110,add_in210;and(g11,add_in111,add_in211;and(g12,add_in112,add_in212;and(g13,add_in113,add_in213;and(g14,add_in114,add_in214;and(g15,add_in115,add_in215;and(g16,add_in116,add_in216;and(g17,add_in117,

24、add_in217;and(g18,add_in118,add_in218;and(g19,add_in119,add_in219;and(g20,add_in120,add_in220;and(g21,add_in121,add_in221;and(g22,add_in122,add_in222;and(g23,add_in123,add_in223;and(g24,add_in124,add_in224;and(g25,add_in125,add_in225;and(g26,add_in126,add_in226;and(g27,add_in127,add_in227;and(g28,ad

25、d_in128,add_in228;and(g29,add_in129,add_in229;and(g30,add_in130,add_in230;and(g31,add_in131,add_in231;/firstlevel of operatorwire 31:1p1,g1;wire 31:2p2,g2;wire 31:4p3,g3;wire 31:8p4,g4;wire 31:16p5,g5;op op11(.p1(p0,.p2(p1,.g1(g0,.g2(g1,.p3(p11,.g3(g11;op op12(.p1(p1,.p2(p2,.g1(g1,.g2(g2,.p3(p12,.g3

26、(g12;op op13(.p1(p2,.p2(p3,.g1(g2,.g2(g3,.p3(p13,.g3(g13;op op14(.p1(p3,.p2(p4,.g1(g3,.g2(g4,.p3(p14,.g3(g14;op op15(.p1(p4,.p2(p5,.g1(g4,.g2(g5,.p3(p15,.g3(g15;op op16(.p1(p5,.p2(p6,.g1(g5,.g2(g6,.p3(p16,.g3(g16;op op17(.p1(p6,.p2(p7,.g1(g6,.g2(g7,.p3(p17,.g3(g17;op op18(.p1(p7,.p2(p8,.g1(g7,.g2(g8

27、,.p3(p18,.g3(g18;op op19(.p1(p8,.p2(p9,.g1(g8,.g2(g9,.p3(p19,.g3(g19;op op110(.p1(p9,.p2(p10,.g1(g9,.g2(g10,.p3(p110,.g3(g110;op op111(.p1(p10,.p2(p11,.g1(g10,.g2(g11,.p3(p111,.g3(g111;op op112(.p1(p11,.p2(p12,.g1(g11,.g2(g12,.p3(p112,.g3(g112;op op113(.p1(p12,.p2(p13,.g1(g12,.g2(g13,.p3(p113,.g3(g1

28、13;op op114(.p1(p13,.p2(p14,.g1(g13,.g2(g14,.p3(p114,.g3(g114;op op115(.p1(p14,.p2(p15,.g1(g14,.g2(g15,.p3(p115,.g3(g115;op op116(.p1(p15,.p2(p16,.g1(g15,.g2(g16,.p3(p116,.g3(g116;op op117(.p1(p16,.p2(p17,.g1(g16,.g2(g17,.p3(p117,.g3(g117;op op118(.p1(p17,.p2(p18,.g1(g17,.g2(g18,.p3(p118,.g3(g118;op

29、 op119(.p1(p18,.p2(p19,.g1(g18,.g2(g19,.p3(p119,.g3(g119;op op120(.p1(p19,.p2(p20,.g1(g19,.g2(g20,.p3(p120,.g3(g120;op op121(.p1(p20,.p2(p21,.g1(g20,.g2(g21,.p3(p121,.g3(g121;op op122(.p1(p21,.p2(p22,.g1(g21,.g2(g22,.p3(p122,.g3(g122;op op123(.p1(p22,.p2(p23,.g1(g22,.g2(g23,.p3(p123,.g3(g123;op op12

30、4(.p1(p23,.p2(p24,.g1(g23,.g2(g24,.p3(p124,.g3(g124;op op125(.p1(p24,.p2(p25,.g1(g24,.g2(g25,.p3(p125,.g3(g125;op op126(.p1(p25,.p2(p26,.g1(g25,.g2(g26,.p3(p126,.g3(g126;op op127(.p1(p26,.p2(p27,.g1(g26,.g2(g27,.p3(p127,.g3(g127;op op128(.p1(p27,.p2(p28,.g1(g27,.g2(g28,.p3(p128,.g3(g128;op op129(.p1

31、(p28,.p2(p29,.g1(g28,.g2(g29,.p3(p129,.g3(g129;op op130(.p1(p29,.p2(p30,.g1(g29,.g2(g30,.p3(p130,.g3(g130;op op131(.p1(p30,.p2(p31,.g1(g30,.g2(g31,.p3(p131,.g3(g131;/secondlevelop op22(.p1(p0,.p2(p12,.g1(g0,.g2(g12,.p3(p22,.g3(g22;op op23(.p1(p11,.p2(p13,.g1(g11,.g2(g13,.p3(p23,.g3(g23;op op24(.p1(p

32、12,.p2(p14,.g1(g12,.g2(g14,.p3(p24,.g3(g24;op op25(.p1(p13,.p2(p15,.g1(g13,.g2(g15,.p3(p25,.g3(g25;op op26(.p1(p14,.p2(p16,.g1(g14,.g2(g16,.p3(p26,.g3(g26;op op27(.p1(p15,.p2(p17,.g1(g15,.g2(g17,.p3(p27,.g3(g27;op op28(.p1(p16,.p2(p18,.g1(g16,.g2(g18,.p3(p28,.g3(g28;op op29(.p1(p17,.p2(p19,.g1(g17,.

33、g2(g19,.p3(p29,.g3(g29;op op210(.p1(p18,.p2(p110,.g1(g18,.g2(g110,.p3(p210,.g3(g210;op op211(.p1(p19,.p2(p111,.g1(g19,.g2(g111,.p3(p211,.g3(g211;op op212(.p1(p110,.p2(p112,.g1(g110,.g2(g112,.p3(p212,.g3(g212;op op213(.p1(p111,.p2(p113,.g1(g111,.g2(g113,.p3(p213,.g3(g213;op op214(.p1(p112,.p2(p114,.g

34、1(g112,.g2(g114,.p3(p214,.g3(g214;op op215(.p1(p113,.p2(p115,.g1(g113,.g2(g115,.p3(p215,.g3(g215;op op216(.p1(p114,.p2(p116,.g1(g114,.g2(g116,.p3(p216,.g3(g216;op op217(.p1(p115,.p2(p117,.g1(g115,.g2(g117,.p3(p217,.g3(g217;op op218(.p1(p116,.p2(p118,.g1(g116,.g2(g118,.p3(p218,.g3(g218;op op219(.p1(p

35、117,.p2(p119,.g1(g117,.g2(g119,.p3(p219,.g3(g219;op op220(.p1(p118,.p2(p120,.g1(g118,.g2(g120,.p3(p220,.g3(g220;op op221(.p1(p119,.p2(p121,.g1(g119,.g2(g121,.p3(p221,.g3(g221;op op222(.p1(p120,.p2(p122,.g1(g120,.g2(g122,.p3(p222,.g3(g222;op op223(.p1(p121,.p2(p123,.g1(g121,.g2(g123,.p3(p223,.g3(g223

36、;op op224(.p1(p122,.p2(p124,.g1(g122,.g2(g124,.p3(p224,.g3(g224;op op225(.p1(p123,.p2(p125,.g1(g123,.g2(g125,.p3(p225,.g3(g225;op op226(.p1(p124,.p2(p126,.g1(g124,.g2(g126,.p3(p226,.g3(g226;op op227(.p1(p125,.p2(p127,.g1(g125,.g2(g127,.p3(p227,.g3(g227;op op228(.p1(p126,.p2(p128,.g1(g126,.g2(g128,.p

37、3(p228,.g3(g228;op op229(.p1(p127,.p2(p129,.g1(g127,.g2(g129,.p3(p229,.g3(g229;op op230(.p1(p128,.p2(p130,.g1(g128,.g2(g130,.p3(p230,.g3(g230;op op231(.p1(p129,.p2(p131,.g1(g129,.g2(g131,.p3(p231,.g3(g231;/thirdlevelop op34(.p1(p0,.p2(p24,.g1(g0,.g2(g24,.p3(p34,.g3(g34;op op35(.p1(p11,.p2(p25,.g1(g1

38、1,.g2(g25,.p3(p35,.g3(g35;op op36(.p1(p22,.p2(p26,.g1(g22,.g2(g26,.p3(p36,.g3(g36;op op37(.p1(p23,.p2(p27,.g1(g23,.g2(g27,.p3(p37,.g3(g37;op op38(.p1(p24,.p2(p28,.g1(g24,.g2(g28,.p3(p38,.g3(g38;op op39(.p1(p25,.p2(p29,.g1(g25,.g2(g29,.p3(p39,.g3(g39;op op310(.p1(p26,.p2(p210,.g1(g26,.g2(g210,.p3(p31

39、0,.g3(g310;op op311(.p1(p27,.p2(p211,.g1(g27,.g2(g211,.p3(p311,.g3(g311;op op312(.p1(p28,.p2(p212,.g1(g28,.g2(g212,.p3(p312,.g3(g312;op op313(.p1(p29,.p2(p213,.g1(g29,.g2(g213,.p3(p313,.g3(g313;op op314(.p1(p210,.p2(p214,.g1(g210,.g2(g214,.p3(p314,.g3(g314;op op315(.p1(p211,.p2(p215,.g1(g211,.g2(g21

40、5,.p3(p315,.g3(g315;op op316(.p1(p212,.p2(p216,.g1(g212,.g2(g216,.p3(p316,.g3(g316;op op317(.p1(p213,.p2(p217,.g1(g213,.g2(g217,.p3(p317,.g3(g317;op op318(.p1(p214,.p2(p218,.g1(g214,.g2(g218,.p3(p318,.g3(g318;op op319(.p1(p215,.p2(p219,.g1(g215,.g2(g219,.p3(p319,.g3(g319;op op320(.p1(p216,.p2(p220,.

41、g1(g216,.g2(g220,.p3(p320,.g3(g320;op op321(.p1(p217,.p2(p221,.g1(g217,.g2(g221,.p3(p321,.g3(g321;op op322(.p1(p218,.p2(p222,.g1(g218,.g2(g222,.p3(p322,.g3(g322;op op323(.p1(p219,.p2(p223,.g1(g219,.g2(g223,.p3(p323,.g3(g323;.p3(p324,.g3(g324;op op325(.p1(p221,.p2(p225,.g1(g221,.g2(g225,.p3(p325,.g3(

42、g325;op op326(.p1(p222,.p2(p226,.g1(g222,.g2(g226,.p3(p326,.g3(g326;op op327(.p1(p223,.p2(p227,.g1(g223,.g2(g227,.p3(p327,.g3(g327;op op328(.p1(p224,.p2(p228,.g1(g224,.g2(g228,.p3(p328,.g3(g328;op op329(.p1(p225,.p2(p229,.g1(g225,.g2(g229,.p3(p329,.g3(g329;op op330(.p1(p226,.p2(p230,.g1(g226,.g2(g23

43、0,.p3(p330,.g3(g330;op op331(.p1(p227,.p2(p231,.g1(g227,.g2(g231,.p3(p331,.g3(g331;/firthlevelop op48(.p1(p0,.p2(p38,.g1(g0,.g2(g38,.p3(p48,.g3(g48;op op49(.p1(p11,.p2(p39,.g1(g11,.g2(g39,.p3(p49,.g3(g49;op op410(.p1(p22,.p2(p310,.g1(g22,.g2(g310,.p3(p410,.g3(g410;op op411(.p1(p23,.p2(p311,.g1(g23,.

44、g2(g311,.p3(p411,.g3(g411;op op412(.p1(p34,.p2(p312,.g1(g34,.g2(g312,.p3(p412,.g3(g412;op op413(.p1(p35,.p2(p313,.g1(g35,.g2(g313,.p3(p413,.g3(g413;op op414(.p1(p36,.p2(p314,.g1(g36,.g2(g314,.p3(p414,.g3(g414;op op415(.p1(p37,.p2(p315,.g1(g37,.g2(g315,.p3(p415,.g3(g415;op op416(.p1(p38,.p2(p316,.g1(

45、g38,.g2(g316,.p3(p416,.g3(g416;op op417(.p1(p39,.p2(p317,.g1(g39,.g2(g317,.p3(p417,.g3(g417;op op418(.p1(p310,.p2(p318,.g1(g310,.g2(g318,.p3(p418,.g3(g418;op op419(.p1(p311,.p2(p319,.g1(g311,.g2(g319,.p3(p419,.g3(g419;.p3(p420,.g3(g420;op op421(.p1(p313,.p2(p321,.g1(g313,.g2(g321,.p3(p421,.g3(g421;o

46、p op422(.p1(p314,.p2(p322,.g1(g314,.g2(g322,.p3(p422,.g3(g422;op op423(.p1(p315,.p2(p323,.g1(g315,.g2(g323,.p3(p423,.g3(g423;op op424(.p1(p316,.p2(p324,.g1(g316,.g2(g324,.p3(p424,.g3(g424;op op425(.p1(p317,.p2(p325,.g1(g317,.g2(g325,.p3(p425,.g3(g425;op op426(.p1(p318,.p2(p326,.g1(g318,.g2(g326,.p3(

47、p426,.g3(g426;op op427(.p1(p319,.p2(p327,.g1(g319,.g2(g327,.p3(p427,.g3(g427;op op428(.p1(p320,.p2(p328,.g1(g320,.g2(g328,.p3(p428,.g3(g428;op op429(.p1(p321,.p2(p329,.g1(g321,.g2(g329,.p3(p429,.g3(g429;op op430(.p1(p322,.p2(p330,.g1(g322,.g2(g330,.p3(p430,.g3(g430;op op431(.p1(p323,.p2(p331,.g1(g32

48、3,.g2(g331,.p3(p431,.g3(g431;/fifthlevelop op516(.p1(p0,.p2(p416,.g1(g0,.g2(g416,.p3(p516,.g3(g516;op op517(.p1(p11,.p2(p417,.g1(g11,.g2(g417,.p3(p517,.g3(g517;op op518(.p1(p22,.p2(p418,.g1(g22,.g2(g418,.p3(p518,.g3(g518;op op519(.p1(p23,.p2(p419,.g1(g23,.g2(g419,.p3(p519,.g3(g519;op op520(.p1(p34,.

49、p2(p420,.g1(g34,.g2(g420,.p3(p520,.g3(g520;op op521(.p1(p35,.p2(p421,.g1(g35,.g2(g421,.p3(p521,.g3(g521;op op522(.p1(p36,.p2(p422,.g1(g36,.g2(g422,.p3(p522,.g3(g522;op op523(.p1(p37,.p2(p423,.g1(g37,.g2(g423,.p3(p523,.g3(g523;op op524(.p1(p48,.p2(p424,.g1(g48,.g2(g424,.p3(p524,.g3(g524;.p3(p525,.g3(g525;op op526(.p1(p410,.p2(p426,.g1(g410,.g2(g426,.p3(p526,.g3(g526;op op527(.p1(p411,.p2(p427,.g1(g411,.g2(g427,.p3(p527,.g3(g527;op op528(.p1(p412,.p2(p428,.g1(g412,.g2(g428,.p3(p528,.g3(g528;op op529(.p1(p413,.p2(p429,.g1(g