非謂語動(dòng)詞梳理及練習(xí)

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞梳理非謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的 ing形式和動(dòng)詞的ed形式。它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)之分。在選擇時(shí)，要注意邏輯上的一致原則，即：非謂語動(dòng) 詞的主語和主句句子的主語是否一致。如不一致則需要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to動(dòng)詞原形”。他沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。動(dòng)詞的ed形式，可以在句中做表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。動(dòng)詞的ing形式，可以在句中做主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語?？键c(diǎn)一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語動(dòng)詞的ed形式作定語【咼考銜接】Five

2、people won the “ China 'Gseen Figure "award, a title to ordinary people their contributions toen viro nmen tal protecti on.A. being give nB. is give nC. give nD. was give n解析：動(dòng)詞give與所修飾詞title之間關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞做定語，選C。小結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的ed形式作定語時(shí)，通常與先行詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示已完成的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語【高考銜接】The wild flowers look

3、ed like a soft orange blanketthe desert.A. coveri ngB. coveredC. coverD. to cover解析：cover與a soft orange blanket之間關(guān)系是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行關(guān)系，所以選 A。小結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語時(shí)，通常表示與先行詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語【咼考銜接】The Chin ese are proud of the 29th Olympic Gamesin Beiji ng in 2008.A. hold B. holdi ng C. held D. to be held

4、解析：to be held，不定式作定語一般表示將要發(fā)生的事情，做the 29th Olympic Games的后置定語。Hold與它修飾的詞 the 29th Olympic Games是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選 D。小結(jié)：不定式做定語一般表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】動(dòng)詞的ed形式作定語表示和它所修飾的詞之間關(guān)系是被動(dòng)、完成”的關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語表示和它所修飾的詞之間關(guān)系是主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞的ing形式做定語還表示用途和目的，如the reading room。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但修飾有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)限定的名詞時(shí)，則表示已完成的動(dòng)作。女口：He was the

5、 best man todo the job. She was the first woma n to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.考點(diǎn)二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語動(dòng)詞的ed形式作狀語【咼考銜接】with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. FacedB. FaceC. Faci ngD. To face解析：動(dòng)詞face與主句的主語 we之間有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系所以選A。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語【咼考銜接】17. We ofte n provi

6、de our childre n with toys, footballs or basketballs, that all childre n like these thin gs.A. thin ki ngB. think C. to thinkD. thought解析：think與主句的主語之間有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系所以A。動(dòng)詞的ing形式，可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨等狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語【咼考銜接】the employees' worki ng efficie ncy, the supervisor will allowthem t

7、o have a coffee break.A. Improvi ngB. To improveC. Havi ng improvedD. Improved解析：不定式做目的狀語，表示將來達(dá)到的目的，所以選B。非謂語動(dòng)詞做評(píng)注性狀語what happe ned to you on your way back to the hotel last ni ght ?I lost my way in complete dark ness and ,things worse , it bega n to pour.A. maki ng B. to make C. hav ing made D. made

8、解析：動(dòng)詞不定式“ to make things worse做評(píng)注性狀語，不定式評(píng)注性狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，選B。The car bur ns more fuel , butall things into con sideratio n , it ' s still a good car.A. take n B. hav ing take nC. tak ing D. to take解析：“ taki ng all thi ngs into con sideration做評(píng)注性'狀語，動(dòng)詞ing形式做評(píng)注性狀語表示說話人的態(tài)度?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語主要分析它與主句中主語之間

9、的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，主動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞ing形式，被動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞ed形式。表示將來的目的和狀態(tài)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞不定式?？勺鲈u(píng)注性狀語的有：不定式 To tell the truth, to be hon est 等；動(dòng)詞 ing 形式 gen erally speaki ng, judgi ng from what he said , considering 等。考點(diǎn)三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語【高考銜接】It ' s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.the answers ready will be of great help.A. To hav

10、e had B. Havi ng had C. Have D. Havi ng解析： “ Having the answers ready做主語，選 D。It rema inswhether Jim fit en ough to play in the fin als.A. see n B. to be see nC. see ingD. to see解析：非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語表示將來和被動(dòng)，選B。小結(jié)：非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語近幾年來考查的較少，在此不再贅述。考點(diǎn)四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語動(dòng)詞的ing形式做賓語和不定式做賓語【高考銜接】I can ' t standwith Jane in th

11、e same office. She just refusestalki ng while she works.A. work ing ; stopp ing B. to work ; stopp ing C. work ing ; to stop D. to work ; to stop解析：stand dong sth （忍受做某 事），refuse to do sth （拒絕做某時(shí)），所以選C。小結(jié)： 只能接動(dòng)詞的 ing形式作賓語動(dòng)詞及詞組有admit , avoid ,appreciate , consider , delay ,dislike ,enjoy ,escape fini

12、sh fancy ,feel like, give up , can ' help ,Mind , mean （意味著） ，miss ,postpone , practice , put off 等。只能接不定式作動(dòng)詞有：afford , agree ,decide ,desire ,expect ,fail , hope , man age ,promise , prete nd ,pla n ,intend , refuse, wish 等。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的比較【咼考銜接】If you think that treati ng a woma n well

13、means alwaysherpermissi on for thin gs, think aga in.A. getsB. gotC. to getD. gett ingThere ' s a man at the reception desk who seeraery angry and I think he meanstrouble.A. maki ng B. to make C. to have made D. havi ng made解析：答案：D ; B。 mean doing sth意味著做某事，mean to do sth打算做某事。小結(jié)：remember, forge

14、t, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop等詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞做賓語時(shí)，意思不同?？键c(diǎn)五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)【咼考銜接】My advisor encourageda summer course to improve my writ ing skills.A for me tak ingB me tak ingC for me to take D me to take小結(jié)：有些動(dòng)詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，除tell夕卜，常見的還有：advise, allow , cause consider, encourage,forbid， force， in

15、tend，order， permit， persuade, remind， request , require urge ，warn，ask ，wish ， want 等。特另 U注意：hope, agree, dema nd, suggest 等沒有賓補(bǔ)。2. 分詞做賓補(bǔ)【咼考銜接】Don' t leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth. (B)A run B running C being run D to runIn the dream Peter saw himselfby a fierce wolf, and he woke sudd

16、e nly with a start.A. chasedB. to be chased C. be chasedD. havi ng bee n chasedYou should un dersta nd the traffic rule by now. You've had itofte n eno ugh. (D)A. explai ningB. to explai nC. explai nD. explai ned解析：考查動(dòng)詞ing形式和動(dòng)詞ed形式做賓補(bǔ)。答案 B; C; D?？键c(diǎn)六、動(dòng)詞ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)【咼考銜接】from other con ti nents for

17、milli ons of years, Australia has many pla nts and ani mals not found in any other country in the world.A . Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated小結(jié)：考查動(dòng)詞ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式，用“ having+ been+過去分詞”表示，它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，與主句主語關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系在句中表示時(shí)間和原因，選C?？键c(diǎn)七、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)【咼考銜接】this cake

18、, you'll n eed 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A. Havi ng madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Mak ingHe hurried to the book ing office onlythat all the ticketshad bee n sold out.A. to tellB. to be told C. telli ng D. toldPolice are now search ing for a woma n who is reported tosincethe flood hit the are

19、a last Friday.A. have bee n miss ing B. have got lost C. be miss ing D. get lost小結(jié)：答案：C; B; A。當(dāng)不定式與自己的邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則 用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不定式的一般式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中，不定式的完成式表示不定式的動(dòng)作已完成或發(fā)生在句子的謂語動(dòng)詞之前。不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義【高考銜接】Mr. Gree n stood up in defe nse of the 16-year-old boy, say ing that hew

20、as not the one.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed.rm going to the supermarket this after noon. Do you have anything?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought解析：答案：C; B。解析：以下情況不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1個(gè)別動(dòng)詞用“ be不定式"表示將來和應(yīng)該時(shí)：I think Tom is to blame. / The house is to let.這房子要出租。不定式放在形容詞之后時(shí)：T

21、his questi on is difficult to an swer. This kind of chicke n is nice to eat.考點(diǎn)八、非謂語動(dòng)詞否定形式【高考銜接】the program, they have to stay there for ano ther two weeks.Not complet ingB. Not completed C. Not hav ing completed D. Havi ng not completed解析：考查非謂語作狀語的否定形式，選C。Victor apologized forto inform me of the cha

22、 nge in the pla n.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 解析：考查分詞作賓語的否定形式，選C。The teacher asked usso much no ise.A. don ' t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 解析：考查分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的否定形式，選D?？键c(diǎn)九、非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)=邏輯主語+邏輯謂語。獨(dú)立主格的名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語，非謂語動(dòng)詞做邏輯謂

23、語 構(gòu)成。在選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意邏輯上的一致原則，即：非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語和句子的主語是否一致。 如不一致則需要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要起狀語作用，相當(dāng)于一 個(gè)狀語從句。1分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)【咼考銜接】 , They will go and visit the Zoo.weather permitti ng B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permittedD. Weather havi ng permitted解析：permit有自己的邏輯主語 weather,與主句的主語 They不一致。邏輯主語weather與 邏

24、輯謂語permit 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。相當(dāng)于 If weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.看另一例子： His homework finished , Jim went to bed to sleep.邏輯主語 His homework與 邏輯謂語finish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2. 介詞 With引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 【咼考銜接】I couldn ' t do my homework with all that noise.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on解析："with

25、all that noise going on構(gòu)成一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。A"with名詞+賓補(bǔ)"的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，是主動(dòng)意義，故選A. going on.With a lot of difficult problems, the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settled B. settli ngC. to settle D. bei ng settled解析：With+名詞或代詞+不定式，構(gòu)成一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。用settled表示已經(jīng)解決了的問題；用being settled表示

26、正在被解決的問題；用to be settled表示將要被解決的問題。而此處的to settle是用來作定語修飾前面的problems。小結(jié)：與非謂語動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的With結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：With+名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞；With+名詞或代詞+過去分詞；With+ 名詞或代詞 + 不定式。例如： With you sitt ing here, I can ' t do my homework.With the problem settled , we all felt happy. / With the teacher to help me ,we will complete the task s

27、oon. 考點(diǎn)十、疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)It is said in Australia there is more land tha n the gover nment knows.A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with itThe mother did n't knowto blame for the broke n glass as it happe ned while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. Wh

28、at 小結(jié)：答案：C; A。疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中起名詞性作用可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語。跟蹤練習(xí):s pain ti ngs.1. There are hundreds of visitorsin front of - the Art Gallery to have a look at Van GoghA. waitedB. to waitC. wait ingD. wait2. There have bee n several new eventsto the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. add

29、 ingD. added3. Don't sit therenothing. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing4. All these gifts must be mailed immediatelyin time for Christmas.A . in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D . so as to be receiving5. After he became

30、conscious , he rememberedandon the head with a rod.A . to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking ； be hit D . having been attacked; hit6. Laws that punish parents for their little childrenthe lawscgon panpaitsst .A. worried B. to worry C. worryi ng D. worry7. the program ,they have to

31、 stay for ano ther two weeks.A. Not completi ng B. Not completed C. Not havi ng completed D. Hav ing n ot completed8. Walter offered us a lift whe n he was leav ing the office ,but our work, we refused the offer.A . not fini shi ng B. had not bee n fini shedC. not havi ng fini shedD. not being fini

32、shed9. rve worked with childre n before , so I know whatin my new job.A . expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D . expects10. The mother didn ' t knowto blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .A. who B. whe n C. How D. What非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)1. black and blue, the lady could n '

33、move.A. Beate n B. Beati ng C. To be beate nD. To beat2. Most of the mento the party were from tow n.A. in vitedB. to in viteC. being in vitedD. had bee n in vited3. When I got back, I saw a messageto the door“ Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. pin, read B. pinning, readi ngC. pinn ed, read ingD

34、. pinn ed, read4. With a lot of differe nt problems , the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settledB. settli ngC. to settle5. With a lot of differe nt problemsA. settledB. settli ngC. to settle6. poor in En glish, I'm afraid I canD. being settled,the n ewly-elected preside nt i

35、s very pleased.D. being settled'make myself.A. To be; understandB. I rm; to understandC. Being; understanding7. the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder.D. Being ; understoodA. En teri ng; steali ngC. To have en tered; being stole nB. En teri ng; goneD. Havi ng en tered; to be stole n8. En gl

36、ish is a Ian guagein many coun tries.A. spoke nB. speak ingC. be spoke nD. to speak9. I should say sorry to him. I regretto help him that day.A. refus ingB. to refuse C. refused D. refuse10. Professor Li is often see nsometh ing in his office.A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writte n11. Do you still

37、 rememberto your hometow n ten years ago?A. take n B. to take C. to be take n D. being take n12. She is not usedin the city.A. to live B. to livingC. to have livedD. live13. Hurry up! He is sureus at the gate.A. waiti ngB. to wait C. to be waiti ngD. to be wait ing for14. everywhere, the wolves had

38、no wherethemselves.A. Hun ti ng; hidi ngB. To hunt; to hide C. Hun ted; hidi ngD. Hun ted; to hide15. This is acar.A. use B. usingC. to be usedD. used16. When, ice cha nges into water.A. to heat B. heati ngC. heated D. they are heated17. Charlie Chapli n is con sidereda great con tributi on to the f

39、ilm in dustry.A. to make B. maki ng C. to have made D. havi ng made18. with you, we still have a long way to go.A. Compari ngB. To compare C. Havi ng compared D. Compared19. They have n 'decided whe nfor Shan ghai.A. to be leavi ng. to leave C. leavi ngD. leave20. I don 'know the girlin the

40、snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catchi ngD. to be catch ing21. Nobody enjoysfun of in public.A. to make B. maki ngC. being made D. to be made22. Do you know the girlon a stone?A. sit B. seati ng C. seated D. sat23. I feel likea long walk. Would you likewith me ?A. tak ing; going B. to take; going C. tak ing; to go D. to take; to go24. Don ' forgetthe letter for me when you pass by the post office.A. post B. to post C. posted D. post ing25. Heari ng the good n ews, he could n