簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,并列句和復(fù)合句

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型，并列句和復(fù)合句 （一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old.She didn ' t hear of you before.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意） ：Do they like skating?Where did you go yesterday?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can' t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.Don' t talk in class4）感嘆句：What a

2、n exciting film it was!How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（ and, but, or 等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連 在一起構(gòu)成。如：You help him and

3、 he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句： 含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含： 名詞性從句 （主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句） 、定語從句和狀語從句等。如： The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句就是只包含一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語的句子。根據(jù)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)，英語簡(jiǎn)單句由三種主要?jiǎng)釉~（連系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞

4、）構(gòu)成。這五個(gè)基本句型 如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十0主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十0十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)基本句型一： S 十 V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞常見的有： appear, apologize, arrive, come, go, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, take place, rise, 等等。例句：The rain stopped. 雨停了。They are talking. 他們?cè)谥v話。Most students work hard 大部分學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)。0ur dre

5、ams have come true. 我們的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。1) . 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 2) . 我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 3) . 事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 補(bǔ)充 : 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞后面能跟一個(gè)相同意義的名詞作賓語，這個(gè)名詞和前面的動(dòng)詞在詞 根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動(dòng)詞有： lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。例如：4) . Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants

6、lead a happy life.5) . I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 6) . Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.7) . He died a glorious death. ?；揪湫投篠十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)例句：He is an IT engineer 他是一位信息工程師。The cloth feels smooth 這塊布料手感細(xì)滑。The fish tastes wonderful. 魚嘗起來非常美味。 這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分

7、為下列兩類：A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有： be, look, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：8) We should any time. 我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。 .B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。 這些詞有： become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, 等等。 如：10) Autumn comes. It is getting cooler and cooler. 秋天到了，天氣變的越來越?jīng)鏊?1) Don't h

8、ave the food. .不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact . 這個(gè)事實(shí)證明是正確的?；揪湫腿?： S 十 V 十 O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語的動(dòng)詞短語。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與 賓語有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如： 例句：Mary bought a book. Mary 買了一本書。Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么嗎？I have finished reading the text. 我已經(jīng)讀完課文了。You must try to improve.

9、 你必須試著提高。13) 我昨天看了一部電影。 .14) You place me in a difficult situation. 。15）They finally managed to get along with us. 。16）They have of the children 這些孩子他們照看得很好。17）I don 't like being treated like this.。_基本句型四：S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，01 =間接賓語；02 =直接賓語例句：The old man gave the little boy some coins 老人給了那個(gè)小男孩幾個(gè)

10、硬幣。Mr Hardey teaches US European Literature 哈代先生教我們歐洲文學(xué)。His aunt bought him a book and several toys 他嬸嬸給他買了一本書和幾個(gè)玩具。His praise gave US great encouragement 他的表揚(yáng)給了我們很大的鼓舞。The programmer is showing us how to use the computer 程序員正在教我們?nèi)绾问褂秒娔X。 這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指 “人”，直接賓語常常指 “物”。如：18 ） Yesterday her father as

11、abirthday present. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19）The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A. 動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 + for sb.;（常見的動(dòng)詞有：buy（買）,choose（選擇）,get （弄到）,make（做）,order（訂購）,sing （唱歌）,do （做）,play（演奏）B. 動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 + to sb.。（常見的動(dòng)詞有：give（給）,tell（告訴）,lend（借給），sell（賣）, teach（教） , se

12、nd（寄給）,write（寫給）,show（出示），return（還給）,bring（帶給）,pass（遞給）, leave（留給）,offer（提供）,hand（交給）注意： 如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前，且間接賓語前要加上 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能說： I handed our teacher it .20）Please show me your picture. =Please . 請(qǐng)把你的畫給我看一下。21）I'll offer you a good chance as long as you

13、don t lose heart. =I'll offer as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的?；揪湫臀?： S 十 V 十 0 十 C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)這類句型中及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)賓語外， 還需要一個(gè)名詞， 形容詞， 副詞 , 動(dòng)詞不定式， 分詞，介詞短語等來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。例句：We think Creek too difficult 我們認(rèn)為希臘語太難了。We made him captain 我們選他作隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。They don't want to let us go 他們不想讓

14、我們走。When the policemen came in ， they found the old man dead 警察進(jìn)來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)老人死了。He 1ikes to watch the boys playing football. 他喜歡看那些男孩們踢足球。練：22) Keep, please.請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來。23) 他把墻漆成白色。 .24) 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 注意：動(dòng)詞 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch 等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則要帶” to”如：25) T

15、he boss made him do the work all day.。26) He was seen to steal the old man_ s money .Exercisel:判斷下面各句分別屬于簡(jiǎn)單句的哪種基本句型：1. Your sister dances beautifully.()2. Doing that would be play ing with fire.()3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment.()4. They kept their marriage a secret.()5. She gav

16、e me her teleph one nu mber.()6. Good food keeps you healthy.()7.1 advise wait ing till the right time.()8. Did you sleep well?()9. Horse-ridi ng and shooti ng are some of the more unu sual even ts.()10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.()(三) 并列句的分類1、 表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and

17、, not onlybu-t also ,neither nor 等連en接。如：The teacher ' s name is Smith, and the student' s name is John.2、 表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either or,otherwise等。如：Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train.3、 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had

18、 a strange way of making his classes lively and in teresti ng.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有 so, for, therefore等。如：August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark.(四) 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成 立。由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當(dāng) 一定的成分，有一定的意義，故復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考

19、查的焦點(diǎn)。從句有三種：1. 名詞性從句(包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)17 17 17 17 .12 3 4When the train will arrive is unknown.Everybody knows that money does n't grow on trees.This is what we should do.She told us her hope that she would become a pia ni st.2. 定語從句(形容詞性從句)He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.3. 狀

20、語從句(副詞性從句)He is abse nt today, because he is ill.Exercise2：判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：()1. We ofte n study Chin ese history on Friday after noon.()2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.) 3. There is a chair in this room, isn' t there?) 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in t

21、he morning and come back home at seven in the evening.) 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.) 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.) 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.) 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn' t it?) 9. The farmer is showing

22、 the boy how to plant a tree.) 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.五）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多， 但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基本的遣 詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2. 祈使句、 反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。 有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句 結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, bu

23、t, or, while ，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián) 詞。t rain to.morrow4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最 為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來，這 一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。A. andB. orC.ifD.so2.It ' s the third time that John has been lat_e_,?A. hasn ' t heB. isn ' t heC.isn 't itD.hasn ' t it3.Let us pas

24、s, ?A. shan ' t weB. shall weC.won 't weD.will you4. I suppose he 's serio_u_s_,?A. do IB. don 't IC.is heD.isn ' t he5. I ' m sorry to have to say this, you forgot to turn off the lights when you left thelast night.A. andB. butC.soD.because如： We will go outing if it doesn 鞏固

25、練習(xí)：、選擇填空：1. Give me one more minute Ill be able to finish it.room6. John has not yet passed the driving test, and .A. H enry hasn ' t tooB. Henry also has not eitherC. neither Henry hasD. neither has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, others enjoy swimming.A.

26、 or B. for C. while D. so8. Do you feel like going out would you rather have dinner at home? I ' d like to go out.A. orB. andC. but D. so9. Your uncle isn' t an engineer, is he?D. He isD. What, she isD. yetA. Yes, he isn 't B. No, he isn 't C. No, he is10. friendly to everyone!A. How

27、, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she is11. Mary went to bed early, she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. for12. As he is strong, can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB.but heC. heD.and13. _ down the radio the baby ' s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB.TurnC. TurnedD.To turn14. - I don ' t like ch

28、icken_ fish.- I don ' t likcehicken_ I like fish very much.A.or, butB.and, butC. or, andD.and, and15. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I 'd like to, I'm too busy.A.andB.soC. asD.but、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 :1. He closed the window, turned off the light left the room.2. She is American she

29、speaks Chinese very fluently.3. It is foggy today, we can 'tsee distant hills.4. He likes sports, I 'd rather collect stamps.5. he couldn 't understand was _ fewer and fewer showed their interest in his lesson.6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and we could buyso

30、me books on our way back in Shanghai.7. She expressed the hope she would write a novel someday.8. The girl English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race, made all of us very happy.9. Please tell us the time we shall have the Chinese exam.10. a young man, he was a storekeeper later a postmaster.、將下列句子譯成英語：1. 湯姆決心不再遲到了。2. 我很餓，請(qǐng)給我一點(diǎn)東西吃。3. 老師講話時(shí)，我們得保持安