12狀語從句 (2)

1、12 12 狀語從句狀語從句定義：定義： 在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。分類分類:1.Adverbial Clause of Time（時間狀語從句）（時間狀語從句）2.Adverbial Clause of Cause (原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句）3.Adverbial Clause of Condition(條件狀語從句）條件狀語從句）4.Adverbial Clause of Place (地點狀語從句）地點狀

2、語從句）5.Adverbial Clause of Purpose (目的狀語從句）目的狀語從句）6.Adverbial Clause of Result（結(jié)果狀語從句）（結(jié)果狀語從句）7.Adverbial Clause of Comparison（比較狀語從句）（比較狀語從句） 8.Adverbial Clause of Concession(讓步狀語從句）讓步狀語從句）9.Adverbial Clause of Manner(方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 )Adverbial Clause of Time:（時間狀語從句）（時間狀語從句）常用連接詞：常用連接詞： when, while, a

3、s, before, after, since, until, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, immediately, the minute, the second請注意請注意 when, while, as 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別when(1)當當時候時候通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。例如：通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。例如：When I opened the window, I saw him come up. 注意：在時間注意：在時間狀語從句中，主從句都是將來的動作或狀

4、態(tài)時，習慣上主句用狀語從句中，主從句都是將來的動作或狀態(tài)時，習慣上主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)正在正在的時候，突然的時候，突然 。通常主句是進行時或通常主句是進行時或 be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，時，在翻譯的時候，when 可可以譯成沒想到或突然。例如：以譯成沒想到或突然。例如：I was walking along the street , when I met him.(3)當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。例如：當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。例如：Someone knocked at the door when I

5、 was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.(4) When=after例如：例如：When （After） the children had gone to bed, she began toprepare her lessons.(5) when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)的，也可引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或以是表短暫性動作的動詞，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。如：從句動作先于主句動作。如

6、：When the film ended, the people went back.(6)可以表示原因可以表示原因“既然既然”，相當于，相當于since; considering that。如：。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes .while(1)在在期間期間往往指一段時間。往往指一段時間。例如：例如：While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in

7、.(2) while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。作相對比。如：如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.(3) 表示一種不滿情緒表示一種不滿情緒意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。例如：例如：We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.as(1)一邊一邊一邊一邊, 隨著。例如：隨著。例如：She was doing her h

8、omework as she was listening to the music.(2)當當時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進行時。例如：進行時。例如：As I was going out, it began to rain.when, while, as的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別1while引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可延續(xù)的，而引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可延續(xù)的，而when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是可延續(xù)的，也可引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是可延續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞。如：以是表短暫性動作的動詞。如：W

9、hen I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用不可用while)2從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用when引導這個從引導這個從句，不可用句，不可用as或或while。如：。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3表示表示“隨著隨著”，連詞用，連詞用as，不用，不用when或或while。如：。如：As the election approached, the violence got worse.4如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用

10、延續(xù)性動作的進如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動作的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作時，行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作時，when, while與與as 可互換使用。如：可互換使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.before一、含義一、含義1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tir

11、ed.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.“才才” ” “不到不到就就” ” “趁趁” ” “還沒來得及還沒來得及” ” 二二before從句中謂語不用否定式。如：從句中謂語不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 三三1）句型）句型It will be/was一段時間一段時間before“還要過多久還要過多久才才”如：如：It will be two years

12、before he leaves the country.2）句型）句型It was not一段時間一段時間before“不多久就不多久就”。如：。如： It wasnt two years before he left the country.after在在 之后之后例如：例如：The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.since(1)自從自從, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：I have never been there again since

13、 I graduated from the university.(2)句型句型It is一段時間一段時間since時間的計算一律從時間的計算一律從since從句的從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。如：動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class. 她來我們班有三年了。她來我們班有三年了。as soon as一一就就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.no sooner than剛剛就就No sooner had he arrived than he went away a

14、gain.注意：注意：no sooner than 用于句首要求倒裝用于句首要求倒裝once一旦一旦就就Once you see him, you will never forget him. every time, each time 每次每次whenever 每當每當Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.till, until和和notuntil小結(jié)小結(jié)1. until/till引導時間狀語從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延引導時間狀語從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)

15、一直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間，所表示的時間，意為意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。如：。如：We waited until he came. 2用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定，意為定，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始某動作直到某時間才開始”。如：。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of i

16、t.4notuntil句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句）because, as, since, now that和和considering that, seeing that 這六這六個連詞或詞組都用于表示原因個連詞或詞組都用于表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱但在語氣上一個比一個弱.becau

17、se因為因為, 通常從句放在主句后通常從句放在主句后Mr. Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.as因為因為, 通常放在句首通常放在句首As he is honest and modest , all his friends like him.since既然既然,因語氣較弱因語氣較弱, 常譯為既然常譯為既然Since everybody has come, we can set off.now that既然既然Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should

18、 do the same.considering that顧及到顧及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. seeing that由于由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句）規(guī)則規(guī)則1：because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能與表示直接的、必然的原因，不能與so連用。常連用

19、。常用來回答用來回答why所提的問題。在強調(diào)句型中，若強調(diào)原因，只能所提的問題。在強調(diào)句型中，若強調(diào)原因，只能用用because，即，即It is because that；而；而for表示推理性的補充表示推理性的補充說明的原因，不能放在句首。說明的原因，不能放在句首。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：since 表示眾所周知的原因，表示眾所周知的原因，“既然既然”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。規(guī)則規(guī)則3：as 表示客觀原因，表示客觀原因，“由于由于”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。規(guī)則規(guī)則4：now that 通常表示用新出現(xiàn)的情況作為原因，通常表示用新出現(xiàn)的情況作為原因，“既既然然” 。規(guī)則規(guī)則5：when意為意為“

20、既然既然”(有輕微的責備口吻有輕微的責備口吻) 。規(guī)則規(guī)則6：in that從句，意為從句，意為“原因是原因是；因為；因為” 。Adverbial Clause of Condition(條件狀語從句）條件狀語從句）if, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition thatif如果如果If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.unless 如果不如果不, 除非除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earl

21、iest flight.= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.as long as如果如果We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.as (so) far as 據(jù)據(jù)所知所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.in case假使假使, 如果如果The plane cannot take off in case it vided that 如果如果,有時省略有時省略 thatThe

22、plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.on condition that條件是條件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注注:主從句的動作都發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時主從句的動作都發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時, 從句用一般從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：現(xiàn)在時。例如：If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting fo

23、r him at the airport.Adverbial Clause of Place(地點狀語從句）地點狀語從句）where, whereverwhere在在地方地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.wherever無論哪里無論哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose(目的狀語從句）目的狀語從句）that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest(so) that 以便以便, 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)

24、動詞，如：從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等等 。Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.in order that 為了為了, 與與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。等。 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

25、 for fear that 生怕生怕; 為了防止為了防止(某事發(fā)生某事發(fā)生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.lest 以防萬一以防萬一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.Adverbial Clauses of Result (結(jié)果狀語從句）結(jié)果狀語從句）引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.。在非正式語體中，由在非正式語體中

26、，由so.that.，such.that.引導的句子中引導的句子中that可以省略?？梢允÷?。so that 因而，以便，為了因而，以便，為了, 有時有時so 可以省去可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you. so that 太太以至于以至于 ，so 后面應用形容詞或副詞后面應用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略有時省略so只用只用that。The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.such that 太太以至于，用法與以至于

27、，用法與sothat相同，但相同，但such 后面應用名詞。后面應用名詞。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.結(jié)果狀語從句的幾個句型：結(jié)果狀語從句的幾個句型： so adj./ adv. that。 so adj.a/an n. that。 so many/few/much/littlen.(可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)that。 such a/an adj. n. that。 such n.(不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))thatAd

28、verbial Clause of Comparison (比較狀語從句）比較狀語從句）asas, not so (as)as, than, the more the more.asas 像像一樣一樣If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.not so (as) as 不像不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.than 比比怎么樣，用于事物間的比較，怎么樣，用于事物間的比較，than前前面

29、用形容詞或副詞面用形容詞或副詞的比較級的比較級People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.the more, the more越越 越越The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.Adverbial Clause of Concession (讓步狀語從句）讓步狀語從句）although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whetheralthoug