第三講_主題_述題

1、1Comparative studies of English and Chinese2Comparative studies of English and Chinese Dr Smith operated on John. John was operated on by Dr Smith. John underwent an operation.3 This room has witnessed the signing of many treaties. The eight years from 1963 through 1970 saw the publication of eight

2、relatively full treatments of the subject.4Matters of DisputeHow many roles and levels of constituents in sentences 5Every sentence has three structures a grammatical structure, a semantic structure,a structure of utterance organization. 6A semantic structure cases: agent, patient, benefactor, locat

3、ive, and so forth. 7A structure of utterance organization theme (topic) and rheme (comment) focus, and presupposition 8Great disagreement among linguists underlying networks of semantic elements; the underlying semantic representation; theme: what one is talking or writing about: what one says or wr

4、ites about the theme; old and familiar in formation, rhemes with old information; themes come first in the sentence, rhemes later.9Subject prominent vs topic prominentA subject will govern a sentence in English in principle.A topic will be the focus while a subject will change to meet the requiremen

5、ts of the elucidation of a topic.10Subject prominent vs topic prominent 人們已研制出一個微機測量系統(tǒng)，這個測量系統(tǒng)可在5秒鐘內(nèi)自動獲得L-V特性曲線，精度為0.05%。11Subject prominent vs topic prominent 1. Microcomputerized measuring system is developed. An I-V characteristic curve can be automatically acquired in 5 seconds with a accuracy of

6、 0.05%.12Subject prominent vs topic prominent 2. Microcomputerized measuring system is developed which can be automatically produce an I-V characteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds.13Subject prominent vs topic prominent 3. Microcomputerized measuring system , from which an I-V char

7、acteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds is acquired, is developed.141. Microcomputerized measuring system is developed. An I-V characteristic curve can be automatically acquired in 5 seconds with an accuracy of 0.05%. 2. Microcomputerized measuring system is developed which can be au

8、tomatically produce an I-V characteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds.3. Microcomputerized measuring system , from which an I-V characteristic curve with a accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds is acquired, is developed.15 在6000平米展廳內(nèi)，陳列的地毯品種多、規(guī)格全、選擇余地大，將給中外客商耳目一新的感覺。16 1. In the exhibition

9、 hall with a floor space of 6000 square meters carpets of various style and sizes will be on display, and there is a wide range for customers to choose from. Domestic and overseas business people will surely be impressed by the numerous new products.17 2.In the 6000 square meters exhibition hall car

10、pets of various style and sizes will be on display, with a wide range for customers to choose from, thus impressing Chinese and foreign business people.18 3. In the 6000 square meters exhibition hall carpets of various style and sizes will be on display, with a wide range to facilitate customers sel

11、ection. These products will surely impress Chinese and foreign business people.19 1. In the exhibition hall with a floor space of 6000 square meters carpets of various style and sizes will be on display, and there is a wide range for customers to choose from. Domestic and overseas business people wi

12、ll surely be impressed by the numerous new products. 2.In the 6000 square meters exhibition hall carpets of various style and sizes will be on display, with a wide range for customers to choose from, thus impressing Chinese and foreign business people.3. In the 6000 square meters exhibition hall car

13、pets of various style and sizes will be on display, with a wide range to facilitate customers selection. These products will surely impress Chinese and foreign business people.20theme and rheme (1)In recent linguistics, the role of a constituent as for instance, a subject, object, complement, or adv

14、erbial has been understood to one of the roles that that constituent may play in the sentence. How many such roles and levels we wish to distinguish is a matter of dispute. In a programmatic paper on a third levels approach to syntax first published in 1966, Frantisek Danes expressed a view which ha

15、s often been read as a codification of the Prague-school position: every sentence has a semantic structure, a grammatical structure, and a structure of utterance organization. The semantic structure has subsequently been explicated with the aid of different theories, for instance by Chrles Fillore i

16、n terms of semantic roles labeled as cases; agent, patient, benefactor, locative, and so forth. In these terms, the syntactic role of subject does not necessarily coincide with the semantic role of agent. The third level of structurethat of utterance organization- is best approached with the aid of

17、concepts such as theme and rheme( or topic and comment, as many linguists prefer to call them), focus, and presupposition. There is great deal of disagreement among linguists as to how concepts such as theme and rheme, focus, and presupposition ought to be approached and defined. To some linguists,

18、theme and rheme are matters of the deepest semantic level of structure. Thus the Soviet linguist Melkuk has distinguished thematic and rhematic regions of underlying networks of semantic elements. And Peter Sgall of also reckons with theme and rheme as part of the underlying semantic representation. Some scholars rely on psychological intuitions in defining theme as what one is talking or writi