第二部分第六講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣.

1、第六講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣, 學生用書 P276)、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法例句must(1)表示禁止 ( 用于否定 句 ) 。You mustn't park here！ It's an emergency exit.(2)表必要性，意為“必 須”。 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？ I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏執(zhí)， 固執(zhí)， 意 為 “非得，偏要 ”。If you must go， a

2、t least wait until the storm is over.can 和 could(1)表示 “能力 ” 。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示驚訝， 常用在否 定句和疑問句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表示禮貌地請求別 人做某事，意為 “ 能， 可以 ”。 This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Ch

3、inese ？ Sure，we call it “ doufu ”(4)cannot.too/ enough 表示 “ 無 論 , 也不過分 ” ； “ 越, 越好 ” 。You can't be too careful while driving.shall(1)用于第一、 第三人稱 疑問句中， 表示說話人 征求對方的意見和向 對方請示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper？(2)用于第二、 第三人稱 陳述句中， 表示說話人 給對方的命令、警告、 允諾或威脅。 Will you read me a story ， Mummy ？ OK.You

4、shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.may 和 might(1)may 和 might 表示 “許可”、“可能 性”、“祝愿”等意 義。 May I take this book out of the reading room ？ No， you mustn 't.You must read it in here.(2)“ may as well 動詞 原形 ” 意為 “最好， 倒 不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high ， you may as well buy

5、some pork.It depends on you.will 和 would(1)表示意志、 意愿和決 心。 Why didn 't you come to Simon 's party last night ？ I wanted to ，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. I have told him again and again to stop smoking ， but he will not listen.(2)will 可以表示一種 習慣的動作，有 “ 總 是”或“總要”之意。Eve

6、ry morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would 可以表示過 去的習慣動作， 比 used to 正式，但沒有 “現(xiàn)已 無此習慣 ” 的含義。When we worked in the same firm several years ago， we would often go to the cinema together.、情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞用法例句mustmust 表示推測時只能用于肯定 句中，意為 “一定， 必定”，表 示十分肯定的語氣 (在疑問句中 或否定句中要用 can/could) 。 It's the o

7、ffice！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh， sorry.can(1)can 用于肯定句中表示客觀 的可能性，意為 “有時會 ”； (2)用于疑問句中可以表示推 測，意為“可能 ”，有時表示一 種驚訝的語氣； (3)用于否定句中也可以表示推 測，can't意為 “不可能 ”，語 氣很強烈。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March ，but it can be rather cold sometimes. Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How

8、 can it be that he was late for the meeting ？ （2013·高考安徽卷 ）It couldn't be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.may/ might(1)may/might 用于肯定句中可以 用來表示不十分肯定的推測， 意 為“有可能”；（2013 ·高考北京卷 ） You needn'ttake an umbrella.It isn 't going

9、(2)用于否定句中也可以表示推 測，may not意為“可能不 ”， 表示一種不太確定的語氣。to rain. Well ，I don't know.It might do.shouldshould 用來表示推測時意為 “應該”，即含有 “按道理來說 應當如此 ”的意思。There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.、情態(tài)動詞 have done情態(tài)動詞 have done用法例句must hav

10、e done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的 行為進行推測， 意為“ 一 定做了某事 ”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.may/might have done表示對過去已發(fā)生行為 的推測，意為 “也許 /或 許已經(jīng) (沒有 ), ” 。一 般用于肯定句或否定句 中。Sorry ，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can.have done/ca

11、nnot have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為 的懷疑和不肯定，通常 用在否定句和疑問句 中。(can 換成 could 時語 氣較委婉 ) I can 't find him anywhere.Where can he have gone？ The boy can ' t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done本來能夠而沒有做（2014 高·考福建卷 ）He could have gone on regrettin

12、g it, as too many of us do.might have done表示本來可能 , ，但 實際上沒有發(fā)生的事 情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.should/ought to have done(1)用于肯定句時，表示 本該做某事而實際上未 做；(2)用于否定句時，則表 示不該做的事反而做 了。 You shouldn't have done it so carelessly. You ought to have returned the book earlie

13、r. You ought not to have refused his offer.needn't have done表示做了本來不必去做 的事，“沒必要做而做 了”。溫馨提醒 didn 't You needn' thave brought the book because Tom has one here. I didn ' tneed to buy theneed to do 表示 “ 沒必要 做而實際上也沒有做某 事”。dictionary.I had a copy at home.if 條件從句中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句if 引導的條 件從句與現(xiàn) 在事

14、 實相 反從句謂語動詞：過去 式 (be 用 were) 主句謂語動詞： should/would/could/mi ght動詞原形Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.與過 去事 實相 反從句謂語動詞： had 過去分詞 主句謂語動詞： should/would/could/mi ght have過去分詞If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.與將 來事 實相 反從句謂

15、語動詞：過去 式 /were 不定式 /should動詞原形 主句謂語動詞： should/would/could/mi ght動詞原形Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn 't be able to see her parents very often.if 引導的條 件從句的倒 裝如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件 句中含有 were，had 或 should ， 可將 if 省略，然后將 were， had 或 should 移至

16、主語之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.( If we had made a great effort.)混合條 件句的 虛擬語 氣有時條件句的動作與主句動 作發(fā)生的時間不一致， 這時動 詞的形式應根據(jù)它們表示的 時間加以調(diào)整。(2013 高·考天津卷 )If he had spent more time practising speaking English before ， he would be able to speak it much better now.、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用類別用法例句賓語

17、 從句demand，suggest，order，insist 后接的從句中動詞為 “ (should )動詞原形 ” 。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish 后的從句中的謂語可用 How much of the foreign一般過去時、過去完成時和 should/would 動詞原形，它 們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、 過去和將 來情況相反。expert's speech have you understood？ Next to

18、 nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.主語 從句在 “ It is necessary/important/strange/su ggested/demanded/ordered/req uested that 從句 ”中，從句 中的謂語動詞用 should 動 詞原形。 It is strange that such a person should be our friend. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表語 從句 和同 位語

19、從句在 suggestion，proposal，order ， plan， idea， request， advice 等名詞后的表語從句和同位 語從句中要用虛擬語氣， 其構(gòu) 成是 “ should動詞原形 ” ， should 可以省略。 My idea is that we ( should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit. （2013 ·高考浙江卷 ）Eye doctors recommend

20、 that a child ' fisrst eye exam be at the age of six months old.眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子第一次視力檢查應該在六個月大的時候進行。 （2013 ·高考陜西卷 ）My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. 我媽媽建議這個周末出去吃飯，換換口味。三、其他句型中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句It' s time that.It is （high） time（that） .句型中謂語動詞用一 般過去時或 should動詞原 形。Jack is

21、a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would ratherwould rather 所接的從句中的 謂語動詞用一般過去時 （對現(xiàn) 在虛擬 ）或者過去完成時 （對 過去虛擬 ）。I would rather you stayed at home now.if onlyif only 后面的謂語動詞常用 一般過去時 （對現(xiàn)在虛擬 ）、過 去完成時 （對過去虛擬 ）與過 去將來時 （對將來虛擬 ），表示 強烈的愿望。If only our dream h

22、ad come true！as ifas if 引導的狀語從句中動詞 可以用過去時或過去完成時 表示虛擬。Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.四、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise， but ，or，without ，but for 等來引導。 I would have come sooner but I didn ' ktnow that they were waiting for me. 我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們在等我。 （2015 ·杭州五校聯(lián)考 ）

23、But for your timely warning ， we would have got into great trouble.要不是你及時警告，我們也許已經(jīng)陷入麻煩中了。 Well ， you know we ' re friends.好了，你知道我們是朋友啊。, 學生用書 P274） .從下面方框中選擇恰當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空can； could ； may； might ； must； shall； should； will ； would ； need 1 （2014 高·考湖南卷 ） I ' vperepared all kinds of food for

24、the picnic. Do you mean we （not） bring anything with us?答案： needn't2 （2014 ·高考大綱全國卷 ）Although you find bargains in London ，it'snot generally a cheap place to shop.答案： can3 （2014 高·考重慶卷 ）I ' veordered some pizza， so we （not） worry aboutcooking when we get home tired.答案： needn

25、9;t4 （2013 高·考江西卷 ）When I was a child ， I watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案： could5（2013 ·高考湖南卷 ）He （not） sleep ，although he tried to ，when he got on sucha hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案： couldn 't6 We can't imagine that two children be killed by the washing machine ofth

26、eir house!答案： should7 They （not） have arrived already. How can you be so sure? It ' osnly a few minutes ' ride. 答案： can't8 Has your friend passed the test? Sorry ， I ' m not sure.He have.I haven' hteard from him for two weeks.答案： might9 The deadline is drawing ， but I failed to c

27、hallenge the task a third time. my brother have a try?答案： Shall10 Jack， look! Everybody is doing homework quietly. you make a noise inclass?答案： Must11 Who it be that left the door unlocked? It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things. 答案： could12When you arrive at the front door ，you won 't

28、need a key because the door open with a touch of your finger.答案： will13 School is over.How can we contact Robert? Try phoning him.He be home by now.He lives only a stone ' tshrow from theschool.答案： should14. Has Peter started out？He said he would go hiking with us. He have started.He is a man of

29、 his word.答案： must15When I was little and something awful was happening ，my mum tell me toclose my eyes.答案： would16 Jack is thirty minutes late.What have happened to him? I ' m not sure.He may have missed the bus. 答案： can17 Miss Smith be working now ， for the lights in her office are still on.答案

30、： must18 Kate， where is Jim these days? He asked for a sick leave the other day.He stay in hospital.答案： might19I know you 're busy，but this be an excuse for not going back home to seeyour parents?答案： can20 The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident. I can' t agree more.He (not)have

31、 drunk.答案： shouldn 't.用所給動詞的虛擬語氣形式填空1 (2014 高·考湖南卷 )If Mr.Dewey (be) present ， he would have offered anypossible assistance to the people there.答案： had been2 (2014 高·考福建卷 )(be)there no modern telecommunications ，we wouldhave to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案： Were3

32、 (2014 ·高考浙江卷 )They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation ， or they (come) to our help.答案： would have come4 (2014 ·高考陜西卷 )We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us ，but it is her choice ， and she is not a child any longer. 答案： stayed5 (2014 高&#

33、183;考安徽卷 )People are recycling many things which they (throw)away in the past.答案： would have thrown6 (2013 高·考安徽卷 )I (go)to my cousin ' bisrthday party last night ，but I wasnot available.答案： would have gone7 With all his money ，he (worry) about a little thing like 5 cents!答案： should worry8H

34、e hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball ； otherwise he (score) agoal.答案： would have scored9 (2013 高·考福建卷 ) Do you think George has passed the driving test? No.If so ， he (drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案： would have driven10 (be)it to rain tomorrow ， our picnic would be cance

35、led.答案： Were11If he had spent more time learning maths before ，he (be) able to make bettergrades now.答案： would be12I would rather (go) to work after my graduation ，but my father would ratherI (go) abroad for further education.答案： go； went13 The upset mother thought to herself ，“ If only I (know) wha

36、t ' gsoing on inmy little boy ' hsead right now. ”答案： knew14 What a pity ！ The bus has just left. Oh ， if only I (come) to the stop five minutes earlier.答案： had come15 It is required that the new employees(provide) safety training before theystart to work.答案： (should) be provided16 The thief

37、 pretended as if he (know) nothing about the theft.答案： had known17The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise (spend)on the agency responsible for finding your pets.答案： would have spent18 Our teachers often suggest we (take) it easy when facing any difficulty.答案： (should) take1

38、9 How sad when I heard about it ！ If he (face) life with the courage in thepast， he would be a good kid now.答案： had faced20 I know you insisted that something (do) ， because you said so firmly andrefused to give in. 答案： (should) be done .語篇填空 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下列短文。Miss Fang 1.(not) read for very long with

39、getting a headache.Her mother toldher that she 2. go to the Health Service and see a doctor. “ You 3. seea doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“ You 4. need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time ，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5. see her at 3： 30 pm.Miss

40、Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3 ： 30 because she had aclass then.“The doctor 7.take you at about ten to four ，” the appointment clerksuggested.“ 8. I put you down for ten to four ， or 9. you rather cometomorrow ？”Miss Fang thought she 10.(not) waste any more time.The teacher11.

41、 be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early ， as he wasalways so kind to everyone.And she replied ，“ I think I 12. make it at ten to four.Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13. I leave at 3：35 today?I 14. have an eye examination. ” As expected，the teache

42、r said，“ Yes，of course you15.答案： 1.couldnt2.should 3.should6 would 7.might 8.Shall 9.would14.must 15.can .語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容4.might 5.could10.shouldn '1t1.shouldn 't12.can 13.May/Can(不多于 3個單詞 )或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Have you ever been outside in a windstorm? You try to walk forward ，but the wind is 1.(extreme) strong.You 're pushed to the side by the wind.In fact ， you' re nearlyblown away by its 2.(powerful) Many objects can be blown