英語選修ⅶ人教新課標同步知識點學練考--動詞不定式

1、動詞不定式動詞不定式2【教法探析教法探析】一一 、動詞不定式定語與功能、動詞不定式定語與功能 動詞不定式由動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形動詞原形”構成，可以在構成，可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等語等,但但不能作謂語不能作謂語。3動詞不定式概述動詞不定式概述To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She c

2、ame here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補4作主語作主語To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對的。放棄吸煙是對的。5作賓語作賓語Fred didnt have any money, so he

3、 decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應不告述任何人這事。他答應不告述任何人這事。6afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, l

4、earn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember!7作表語作表語My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實。眼見為實。8作定語作定語Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什

5、么要說的嗎你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個知道這真相的人是第一個知道這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth9 It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，其后應加上必要的介詞其后應加上必要的介詞E.g. He is a pleasant person to work with.10不定式作定語，往往表示將要發(fā)生的動作不定式作定語，往往表示將

6、要發(fā)生的動作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意11作狀語作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結果狀語結果狀語12目的狀語目的狀語: 常用的結構常用的結構to do; in order to do, so as to

7、do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.結果狀語結果狀語: 常與常與only , enough 或或too連用。連用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因狀語原因狀語: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.13作賓補作賓補1. 帶帶to的不定式作的不定式作賓補賓補。很多動詞如。很多動詞如: allow, order, forc

8、e, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后面作等后面作賓賓補補的不定式的不定式都帶都帶to。 如如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。142.不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式作賓補作賓補。使役動詞。使役動詞make, have, let;感官動詞感官動詞see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面等后面作賓補的不定式不帶作賓補的不定式不帶to。如如: He made

9、a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一個鬼臉他做了一個鬼臉, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。15 如果上述結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)如果上述結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),不定式就由原來不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語,此時第此時第2類動詞類動詞(let, have無被動語態(tài)無被動語態(tài))后原來不帶后原來不帶to的不定式要的不定式要加加to。如如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看見他上樓去了。有人看見他上樓去了。Be careful!注意注意 :16動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定

10、式的時態(tài)1. He seems to know this.2. I hope to see you next week.一、一、一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）表示的動作（狀態(tài)）與句子謂語的動作與句子謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。17二、二、進行式進行式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing hi

11、m.表示謂語表示的動表示謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動不定式所表示的動作正在進行。作正在進行。18三、三、完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的動作發(fā)不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語表示的生在謂語表示的動作之前。動作之前。19動詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài)一、一、主動式主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done)We

12、 want to learn English well.1. 當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時執(zhí)行者時.被動式被動式( to be done / to have been done)He didnt like to be laughed at.2. 當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時的承受者時.20注意注意 1. 動詞不定式的否定式只須在動詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The tea

13、cher told us not to be late again.否定副詞否定副詞not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.21注意注意2. 動詞不定式之后可加動詞不定式之后可加疑問詞，通常做主語，賓語疑問詞，通常做主語，賓語。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?22注意注意3. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常作簡短回答或避免不必要的重

14、復時，動詞不定式常常省去省去to 后面后面的動詞，只的動詞，只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。23不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 不定式有不定式有時態(tài)時態(tài)和和語態(tài)語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般式一般式、_、_ 和和完成進行式完成進

15、行式。語。語態(tài)分為態(tài)分為_ 語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。完成式完成式進行式進行式主動主動學學法法引引導導24語態(tài)語態(tài) 時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 完成式完成式 進行式進行式 /完成進行式完成進行式 to have been doing/ to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 25不定式的主動形式表示被動不定式的主動形式表示被動1在在there be / seem 結構中。結構中。e.g. （1） There is a lot of homework to do

16、 (也可用也可用to be done)（2） There is no time to lose (to be lost).區(qū)別：I have a lot of homework to do.（不可用（不可用 to be done)26體會下列兩句的區(qū)別體會下列兩句的區(qū)別Do you have anything to wash today? 你今天要洗什么嗎？你今天要洗什么嗎？Do you have anything to be washed?（to wash的邏輯主語為的邏輯主語為句子的主語句子的主語you）(to be washed不是不是you做，做，而是而是由由“我我”或或 其他人其他人

17、 來來做做)你有什么要你有什么要 其他人其他人/ 我我 洗的嗎？洗的嗎？272在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結構中結構中。常用的形容詞有。常用的形容詞有easy， hard ，light，heavy，expensive, cheap， impossible， interesting，important， nice，pleasant，fit， dangerous 等。等。28（1）好的小說讀起來有意思。 Good novels are interesting to read. （2） 這個問題容易回答。 This question is easy to answer.

18、（3）這個盒子提起來很重。 This box is heavy to carry. （4）他很難相處。 He is hard to get along / on with. 293在“with+n+to do”結構中。e.g.（ 1） With nothing to do，he lay in bed （2） With so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema304當不定式隱含在for sb to do結構中時。（ 1）This is the best book to read （2）The important thing to do is

19、to lock thedoor when we leave the house( = for usyou to read )( = for us to do )315. 在一些固定用法，如“ be to blame (挨罵，受責備，受批評) ； “ to let （東西等）出租” He is to blame for what he has done. 他應為他所做的受責備。 The house is to let. 房子要出租。32模模擬擬練練習習1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off

20、 B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busymaking a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned33真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)（2011 浙江卷浙江卷 ） If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheered D. wer