情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件黃淑萍

1、高中英語(yǔ)公開課高中英語(yǔ)公開課廬江二中廬江二中 黃淑萍黃淑萍 2013.10 情情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，但沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不但沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)1. must1) 表表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為“必必須須”“”“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示“不應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該”“”“不許可不許可” “不不準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)”“”“禁止禁止”。 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their

2、 parents.2) 表示表示“非要，偏要，非要，偏要，”表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的不滿，表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的不滿， 3)Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 3) 表示對(duì)具體事情的推測(cè)，意思是表示對(duì)具體事情的推測(cè)，意思是“一定，一定，肯定肯定”語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣 較強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。較強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。1)He must come from American.2)He must be sleeping at the moment.3)He must have stayed up last night.1.Judging from his

3、 accent, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? doesnt he?arent they?1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term, hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beij

4、ing,didnt it?hasnt he?2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，注意：注意：must 和和 have to1.must用于一般問(wèn)句中用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許” e.g.MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt./donthaveto. I dont like this TV

5、set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2. must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，have to 強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。多時(shí)態(tài)。 1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4

6、) I though what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1) 1)表表能力能力3)表表示示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求” “允許允許”(表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常用表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常用 could 代替代替 can 使語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用使語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can)2)表表示推測(cè)，意為示推測(cè)，意為“可能可能”“”“或許或許”，用于疑問(wèn)句或否，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句定句 表示不可能表示不可能2. can 與與could4)表表示示“許可許可”，可與，可與may 換用。換用

7、。7）You can go home now.5) 用用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能夠可能、能夠”。8）How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? Im so tired that I cant help finish the project.He cant help bursting out laughing . 1) cant help doing/to

8、 do/do 情不自禁做什么情不自禁做什么/不能幫忙做什么不能幫忙做什么 2) cant too adj/adv cant adj/adv enough 再怎樣都不過(guò)分再怎樣都不過(guò)分You can never be too careful when driving a car. 3) cant but do/cant help but do /cant choose but do 只能做什么只能做什么 I cant but wait for him patiently.固定詞組固定詞組注意注意 1：Can 和和 be able to區(qū)分區(qū)分Shecan/beabletosingthesongi

9、nEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable. 1）can, be able to都可都可表示表示“能力能力” Can的主語(yǔ)是人或物的主語(yǔ)是人或物,be able to的主語(yǔ)是人的主語(yǔ)是人 Wellbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaventbeenabletoseethefilm.2）can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)(could)。 be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 3）表）表示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/we

10、re able to， 不能用不能用could。 HewasabletoescapefromEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.注意注意2.can/couldhavedone Cant/couldnt have done對(duì)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)去發(fā)生行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測(cè)行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測(cè): :I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell

11、 me?1. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. co

12、uld have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA3. may 與與might1) 表表示示“許可許可”或或“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口

13、語(yǔ)中的意思，口語(yǔ)中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 否定回答時(shí)用否定回答時(shí)用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。 1) May I watch TV after supper? Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) 表表示可能性。示可能性。 意為意為“或許，可能或許，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小?？赡苄孕　?) It might be true.3) They may be in the library now.3)

14、may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 “還是還是的好的好” may/might well +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形“完全可能完全可能”4) May you +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你祝你” 6)May you success. 4) Now that it is raining heavily, you might as well stay at home. 5)He may well be proud of his son.注意：注意：might/may have done mightnt/maynt have done表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)

15、去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)。進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)。 He may not have gone to the clinic. He might have read about the news in the newspaper.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B

16、. may C. can D. willAB4. will 與與would 1) 表表“請(qǐng)求、建議請(qǐng)求、建議”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客氣些委婉，客氣些 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2) 用用于表示意志或意愿。于表示意志或意愿。 will 指現(xiàn)在指現(xiàn)在，而，而 would 指指 過(guò)去。過(guò)去。 3) Ill never do that again. 4) They said that they would help us.3) 表表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 譯作譯作 “總是

17、、慣于總是、慣于” will 指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在， would 指過(guò)去。指過(guò)去。 5)He will often read all night. 6) Fish will die without water. 7) Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.4) 表表示功能，譯作示功能，譯作“能、行能、行” 8) That will be all right. 9) This door wont open.would表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向 “總是總是,總要總要”used to表過(guò)去常

18、常（現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣）表過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣） “過(guò)去常常過(guò)去常?！眜sed to 可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用would不可以不可以 He used to be a quiet boy. () He would be a quiet boy. ( )注意：注意：used to 與與would1.Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but_say where he was. A.mustt B.shouldt C.wouldt D.mightt2.He_not pay unless he is punished

19、 to pay. A.shall B.will C.can D.wouldCB5. Should 與與 ought to 1) 用用于表勸告、建議。于表勸告、建議。 意為意為”應(yīng)該、應(yīng)應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)”。 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)于語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)于ought to 1) Parents ought to take care of their babies.2) 用用于表推測(cè)。于表推測(cè)。 意為意為 “可能、該可能、該”相似于相似于ought to 2)Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 3)I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude

20、to the old.3)可表示可表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。4)用在虛擬句中，可表示如果用在虛擬句中，可表示如果 4)If I should see him, I would tell him the news.注意：Should/shouldnt have doneOught to have done/ought not to have done表示本應(yīng)該表示本應(yīng)該/不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際卻沒(méi)做不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際卻沒(méi)做/卻做了。卻做了。You shouldnt have been late for the meeting , as it was very vital.Lucy ought to ha

21、ve handed it on earlier,and now the teacher is annoyed.6. shall1) Shall 與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)， 表說(shuō)話人征求聽話者的允諾。表說(shuō)話人征求聽話者的允諾。 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 2) shall的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說(shuō)話人的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說(shuō)話人 的允諾、警告、命令等語(yǔ)氣。的允諾、警告、命令等語(yǔ)氣。 3)You shall get the book t

22、omorrow. 4) He shall be punished. 5) You shall go with me. 1.Mum,could I play outside with my friends? If you finish your homework,you _do it. A.shall B.should C. will D. would 2.One of our rules is that every student _wear school uniforms while at school. A.might B.could C.shall D.willAC7. need 和 d

23、are 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞needdare 1.1.無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問(wèn)句中否定句及疑問(wèn)句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody連用連用; ; 3.3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn); ;4.dare4.dare有其過(guò)去時(shí)有其過(guò)去時(shí)dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) nee

24、d to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?判斷正誤判斷正誤:He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?These dishes need clean carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +

25、 have done這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，可表示可表示“推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)一、表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)1. must have done “想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still n

26、ot sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經(jīng)做了某事不可能已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night注：在疑問(wèn)句中注：在疑問(wèn)句中 can/could 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的疑問(wèn)性表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的疑問(wèn)性 推測(cè)，推測(cè)，“可能已經(jīng)可能已經(jīng)了嗎？了嗎？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?二、表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的遺憾或責(zé)備二、表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的遺憾或

27、責(zé)備1. should/ought to have done “過(guò)去本該做而沒(méi)做過(guò)去本該做而沒(méi)做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本來(lái)能夠做的事卻沒(méi)做本來(lái)能夠做的事卻沒(méi)做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際也沒(méi)來(lái)）他本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際也沒(méi)來(lái)）他本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際卻來(lái)了）他本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)（實(shí)際卻來(lái)了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了